Brewers Hill and King Drive
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FINAL REPORT .-„ .. NORTH THIRD STREET AREA INTENSIVE ■ 'HISTORIC STRUCTURES SURVEY City of Milwaukee Department of City Development Milwaukee, Wisconsin July, 1983 "This project has been funded with theassistance of a grant-in- f aid from the National Park Service, U.S. Deaprtment of the Interior, under provisions-of the:National Historic Preservation Act of .1966, as amended.- Historic\P^eservAtion-grants-in-aid are administered .in Wisconsin in'7.f<?pnjuriction with the National Register of Historic Places.programbyvthe Historic Preservation Division of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of'the National Park Service or the State Historical.Society.of Wisconsin." RESOURCE DESIGN GROUP ••• 331 East Kingsley Ann Arbor Michigan 48104 ABSTRACT The City of Milwaukee, Department of City Development, has undertaken an intensive survey of an area known as Brewers' Hill, for the purposes of determining and recording the architectural and historic resources of the area, and for developing planning and development strategies for the area. The area surveyed and inventoried encompassed approximately 495 acres. The Brewers' Hill area consists of a variety of land uses, but is most easily described as consisting of the North Third Street commercial corridor, the industrial district along the north bank of the Milwaukee River, and resi dential areas closely tied to those two districts. The area is bounded by North Sixth Street on the east, McKinley Avenue on the south, the Milwaukee River on the southwest, and North Avenue on the north. A sub-area also included in the study extends north from North Avenue to East Center Street, and from North Second Street on the east to North First Street on the west. Each of the more than 1200 structures and sites was photographed and docu mented on inventory forms and survey cards. As a result of the inventory, the consultants recommended that four historic districts be established and that seventeen individual buildings and sites be considered for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The consultants prepared a National Register Multiple Resource Nomination includ ing the aforementioned districts and individual building and sites. The somewhat more general overall results of the survey/inventory effort, including research findings and summaries of resources, are presented in this Intensive Survey Report (The National Register Nomination is included in the Appendix of this report). Recommendations are presented in the form of suggestions for residential rehabilitation and preservation programs, design guidelines for commercial buildings in the North Third Street corridor (presented in detail in a separate North Third Street Area Historic Preservation Study), and planning strategies for preservation and development activities in the area. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL SUMMARY 1. Early Settlement and Development of Milwaukee, 1818-1850 Early Settlement and Development of Kilbourntown, 1845-1860 2. Industry Industrial Development in Milwaukee, 1850-1930 Industrial Development in North Third Street/Brewers Mill Area 3. Commerce 4. Government Services 5. Education 6. Religion St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church St. Johannes de Nepomuc Church St. Marcus (Evangelical Lutheran) Church Christ Church Second German Methodist-Episcopal Church Zion’s Church, Evangelical Association German Evangelical Trinity Church Epiphany Church 7. Parks, Planning, and Landscape Architecture 8. Ethnic and Social Organization Ethnicity in Milwaukee, 1840-1930 Ethnic Patterns: North Third Street/BHA Social Organizations 9. Transportation 10. Architecture Architectural Styles Classical Revival, 1840-1860 Italianate, 1840-1880 Queen Anne, 1870-1910 Colonial Revival, 1880-1920 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) German-Flemish Revival, 1880-1920 Bungalow, 1890-1940 Craftsman, 1900-1940 Commercial Classic/Greek Revival Italianate/Victorian Italianate Queen Anne Chicago Style Neo-Classic Art Deco Institutional Churches Industrial Architects 11. Neighborhood Development 12. Labor Movements 13. Notable Persons III. SURVEY METHODOLOGY IV. SURVEY RESULTS 1. Schlitz Brewing Company Historic District 2. North First Street Historic District 3. North Third Street Historic District 4. Vine-Reservoir Historic District 5. Individual Sites V. IMPACT AND USE OF THE SURVEY VI. RECOMMENDATIONS VII. APPENDIX I. INTRODUCTION This study was intended to provide an assessment of the historical and archi tectural resources of the North Third Street/Brewers Hill area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This has been done through an intensive survey of this area in accordance with the guidelines of the Historic Preservation Division of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin and the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Additionally, this study was con ducted under contract with the City of Milwaukee, Department of City Develop ment acting as coordinator for the work product. This survey has identified those buildings, structures, sites, and districts located within the boundaries of the study area which have sufficient histori cal and/or architectural merit to be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places under the criteria of the Department of the In terior. The map which follows describes the area of study within the City of Milwaukee. The project includes two basic work elements. The first was an intensive survey of all properties in the study area and research conducted on several historical themes. The intensive survey of these properties is designed to collect the data necessary to assess the eligibility of- each property for inclusion on the National Register. The results of the intensive survey are then presented in this report and on the intensive survey forms prepared for each site and district. The second task was to assist the City of Milwaukee with the preparation of a multiple resource nomination of all eligible properties to the National Register. 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Ep, !>°°l -11 - *^1 ml o o o e | ] o o o ° . »□ I ICT 'L °pg nej -r~hM»M00' a ' ■ | • U *JU J (U ** u ° | | u u w ____ ' * * * ■ * ■ ■ ■ * ■ . —.» ...j' ■■ ■■_,,/ « E^ii. —r-_J j1_'eA ■■ll Tira|] J? II. BACKGROUND RESEARCH/HISTORICAL SUMMARY EARLY SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: MILWAUKEE. 1818-1850 The North Third Street/Brewers Hill area of Milwaukee was one of the first areas of the city to be settled. Thus, its early history is closely tied with the develop ment of Milwaukee. The site of the city, where the Milwaukee River, draining a large area of timberland and prairie to the northwest, and the Menomonee River, serving a large watershed to the west, joined and emptied into Lake Michigan, had long been an important hunting, fishing, and trapping ground for several prehis toric and historic Indian tribes. Hundreds of mounds and dozens of Indian village sites have been located within the city limits.