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PHD THESIS COMBINED-18 Baskı THE CONCEPTION OF LAICITE OF THE REPUBLICAN PEOPLE’S PARTY BETWEEN 2002 AND 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYŞEGÜL UYGUR DOĞAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQURIEMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NOVEMBER 2013 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences ___________________________ Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________________ Prof. Dr. A. Raşit Kaya Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________________ Prof. Dr. Ayşe Güneş Ayata Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ayşe Güneş Ayata (METU, ADM) ___________________________ Prof. Dr.Feride Acar (METU, ADM) ___________________________ Prof. Dr. Fethi Açıkel (AU, SBF) ___________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cem Deveci (METU, ADM) ___________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayça Ergun (METU, SOC) ___________________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Ayşegül Uygur Doğan Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE CONCEPTION OF LAICITE OF THE REPUBLICAN PEOPLE’S PARTY BETWEEN 2002 AND 2010 Uygur Doğan, Ayşegül Department of Political Science and Public Administration Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayşe Güneş Ayata October 2013, 329 pages This thesis analyzes the conception of laicite of the Republican People’s Party between 2002 and 2010 with reference to Republican People’s Party’s approach to veiling, imams/Đmam Hatip Liseleri, Quran Courses, Diyanet Đşleri Başkanlığı and Alevis as well as the party programmes and regulations. To give the contours of its notion of laicite, the thesis dwells on the public and private conceptualization of the Republican People’s Party. The thesis criticizes the Republican People’s Party which reads laicite in terms of this dichotomy. The thesis argues that Republican People’s Party’s conception of laicite oscillates between etatism and democracy. To contextualize Republican People’s Party’s laicite in 2002-2010, the thesis presents the historical trajectory of laicite as well as the Islamic movement in Turkey. The study suggests Turkish laicite which was instilled to the Constitution by the Republican People’s Party is the synthesis of Western modernity and Turkish state tradition. To demonstrate the extent of Republican People’s Party’s etatism and notion of democracy in relation to the principle of laicite, the thesis, therefore, focuses on this unique nature of Turkish laicite which is based on control. The thesis posits that Republican People’s Party’s laicite approaches democracy in cases it opposes religious oppression whereas it swings to etatism when it prioritizes state over individual rights of pious people. Key Words: Laicite, etatism, democracy, Republican People’s Party, Western modernity. iv ÖZ 2002 VE 2010 YILLARI ARASINDA CUMHURĐYET HALK PARTĐSĐ’NĐN LAĐKLĐK ANLAYIŞI Uygur Doğan, Ayşegül Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Ayşe Güneş Ayata Kasım 2013, 329 sayfa Bu tez türban, imamlar/Đmam Hatip Okulları, Kuran Kursları, Diyanet Đşleri Başkanlığı ve Aleviler ve parti program ve tüzüğüne referansla 2002 ve 2010 yılları arasında Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin laiklik kavramını analiz etmektedir.Laiklik nosyonunun hatlarını çizebilmek için bu tez Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin kamusal ve özel kavramsallaştırması üzerinde durur. Bu tez, CHP’yi laikliği kamusal ve özel alan ayrımı üzerinden okuduğu için eleştirir. Bu tez, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin laiklik anlayışının devletçilik ve demokrasi arasında salındığını ileri sürer. 2002 ve 2010 arasındaki dönemde Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin laiklik anlayışını bağlama oturtabilmek için bu tez, laikliğin ve Đslami hareketin tarihsel yörüngesini sunar. Bu tez, Anayasa’ya Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi tarafından eklenmiş olan laiklik anlayışının Batı modernitesi ve Türk devlet geleneğinin bir sentezi olduğunu öne sürer. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin laiklik anlayışına ilişkin devletçiliği ve demokrasi nosyonunun kapsamını göstermek için bu tez dolayısıyla, Türk laiklik anlayışının emsalsiz doğasına yoğunlaşır. Tez, Cumhuryet Halk Partisi’nin laiklik anlayışının devleti dindar insanlardan öncelikli konumlandırdığı zaman devletçiliğe kayarken, dini baskıya karşı çıktığı durumlarda demokrasiye yaklaştığını ileri sürer. Anahtar Kelimeler: Laiklik, devletçilik, demokrasi, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Batı modernitesi. v Arzu-Mendost ve Đlter’e, vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Prof. Dr. Ayşe Güneş Ayata for reading, editing, criticizing my dissertation, her continuous support and providing valuable feedback. Her commitment to excellence in research and writing has always inspired me and I believe this will lead me in my academic studies in the future. I would also like to thank to examining committee members for their constructive criticisms and contributions which helped me to give the final form of my dissertation. I would like to express my special thanks to TÜBĐTAK Scholarship Programme for their generous support during my doctoral education. While writing my dissertation, my husband Đlter supported me by all means. He did the housework, cooked and edited my manuscripts. No words can express my thanks and gratitude to him. I would also like to thank my mother who is an academic and guided me with her experience in academy. I also owe special thanks to her for contributing to my research. I would also like to thank my father who was always understanding about my academic business and his support. I dedicate this dissertation to three fabulous people, to my family in Ankara, Arzu and Mendost who gave me endless support for years for completing my PhD degree as a graduate student living in Istanbul as well as my husband Đlter who has always encouraged me with love and tolerance. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM..................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... iv ÖZ .......................................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Setting the Problem ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Subject of The Dissertation .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Organization of the Chapters ....................................................................................... 3 2.SECULARIZATION ........................................................................................................ 9 2.1. Historical Evolution of Secularization ...................................................................... 10 2.2.The Secularization Thesis and Its Critics ................................................................... 17 2.3 Responses to the Critics of the Secularization Thesis ................................................ 32 2.4. A Post-Secular Age ................................................................................................... 38 2.5 The Relation Between Secularism and Democracy ................................................... 40 2.6 Is Secularism Christian? ............................................................................................ 46 2.7. Concluding Remarks ................................................................................................. 48 3.TURKISH SECULARISM ............................................................................................ 51 3.1 The Continuity Or Rupture? ...................................................................................... 52 3.2 Historical Trajectory .................................................................................................. 61 3.3 Laicism or Laicite or Secularism? ............................................................................. 68 3.4 The Critique of Turkish Modernization ..................................................................... 71 3.5 The Rise of Islamic Actors in Turkish Politics .......................................................... 86 3.6 Turkish Politics After the 1980s ................................................................................ 98 3.7 Alternative Modernity .............................................................................................
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