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Pavel Dolukhanov (1937-2009) Quaternary International 225 (2010) 150–151 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint In Memoriam Pavel Dolukhanov (1937–2009) Pavel Dolukhanov (1.01.1937–06.12.2009) Pavel Dolukhanov (1937–2009) belongs to that glorious cohort very nearly died as well. Eventually, the Soviets managed to open of creative and innovative professionals whose role in the develop- a narrow land corridor to the city, and Pavel and his family were ment of prehistoric studies stands out among contributors to the evacuated to Georgia, where they lived until the end of the war. discipline. Pavel was born in Leningrad on January 1, 1937 to an In1959,Pavelgraduatedfrom LeningradState Universityasa geog- Armenian father and a Russian mother. He grew up within rapher and geomorphologist, and he beganworking at the Laboratory a remarkable family of Russian intelligentsia with roots in the aris- of Archaeological Technologies within the Leningrad department of tocracy and a strong intellectual tradition. They were musicians and the Institute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now, poets and journalists; his uncle was a famous Russian composer. the Institute for the History of Material Culture, St Petersburg, Russia). His childhood was marred by the Nazi blockade of Leningrad From 1959 to 1988, he rose from Senior Assistant up to Laboratory during the Second World War. Pavel was four years old when the Head, concentrating mostly on multidisciplinary studies involving blockade began in September of 1941, trapping him and his family different aspects of paleolandscape, paleoenvironment, and prehis- within the city. Both of Pavel’s grandfathers died during the strug- toric human–nature interaction. These issues became the subject of gledtragically on January 1, 1942, his fifth birthdaydand his father his Candidate of Sciences (PhD) thesis (“Late glacial and post-glacial 1040-6182/$ – see front matter. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.009 In Memoriam / Quaternary International 225 (2010) 150–151 151 historyof the Baltic Sea and its basin,” 1965) and his Doctor of Sciences from his wide-ranging field experience and personal examination thesis (“The development of nature and economy among prehistoric of prehistoric sites that gave him unique expertise in the field. populations of Eastern Europe and the Near East in the Pleistocene From the late 1970s, results of Pavel’s studies in prehistory became and Holocene,” 1985). Over the course of his research, Pavel gradually familiar to western audiences, with whom he possessed closer ideo- became a key person in the field, successfully merging his compe- logical, methodological, and spiritual closeness than to Soviet science. tence in paleogeographic and archaeological analysis into many When the Soviet system collapsed, he left the USSR. After a difficult case studies, and thereby applying his unique interdisciplinary skills period searching for a new life, he found his next intellectual home to the creation of many new and innovative ideas that helped set at Newcastle-upon-Tyne University, where he eventually became the course of East European environmental and landscape archae- Emeritus Professor of Eastern European Archaeology. In his previous ology for many decades. His impact is still felt today. teaching in the USSR at the Department of Archaeology of Leningrad Pavel Dolukhanov introduced the concept of human cultural State University, Pavel could offer only one course for undergradu- adaptation into studies of the Late Pleistocene and Early to Mid- ates, but in the UK, he was able to expand his educational activities Holocene. He was the first in Soviet science to use paleoecological to many more university students, as well as to international loca- approaches systematically in archaeology in the investigation of tions in the USA, Japan, France, Italy, and other countries. transformations in economy, lifeways, settlement patterns, subsis- Pavel Dolukhanov was a unique researcher who managed to tence strategies, and other aspects of prehistoric change. combine and synthesize successfully the best from both ‘Western’ He was also the first to formulate hypotheses about the correla- and ‘Soviet’ traditions of prehistoric studies, producing many orig- tion of milestones in human cultural evolution with changes in inal and fruitful ideas and projects. For nearly 20 years after his global climate and paleogeography, and to illustrate them with the move to the UK, he labored to build bridges between ‘eastern’ and help of a rich interdisciplinary database. These associations seem ‘western’ researchers through a series of collaborative international evident now, but at the time they were absolutely stunning to projects in the frameworks of INTAS, EC FP6, and other programs. Marxist archaeology and prehistory, which traditionally derogated He understood the peculiarities of the scientific process in each the role of nature in human social development. Pavel’s innovative country and demonstrated great erudition and a broad knowledge methodology yielded a basic foundation upon which he could elab- of archaeological and paleogeographical sites in Russia, Ukraine, orate upon many of the most important topics in prehistoric studies, Georgia, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Greece, the United such as the origin and spread of agriculture, the origin and spread of States, and other countries, which were made possible and contin- ceramic production, the genesis and early ethnic history of the Slavs ually reinforced by his fluency in several European languages. As and Baltic peoples and their languages, and human migration with a result, he helped establish a number of networks and specialist respect to the history of the Black and Baltic Seas, their estuaries, working groups among prehistorians, and their activities can still limans, and waterways. Most of these problems had already be traced readily by following international conferences and publi- attracted Pavel’s attention in the 1960s, but he subsequently added cations under the aegis of UISPP, EAA, INQUA, and other organiza- his vision and interpretations based on his own research and new tions. One of his recent contributions was his co-leadership in the developments in the fields of prehistory and archaeology. IGCP 521 project: “Black Sea-Mediterranean corridor during the Pavel conducted these studies in close association with another last 30 kyr: sea-level change and human adaptation,” a five-year subject that remained of special interest to him until his last days: funded program that attracted several hundred participants from radiocarbon dating. He was among the pioneers of its application around the world to a series of six conferences. Given his unique in Soviet archaeology and was actively engaged in its implementa- scientific experience, his amicability, modesty, and kindness, he tion in the laboratory where he worked. Later, he contributed was a master in creating lasting partnerships. A genuinely cosmo- considerably to the merging of ‘eastern’ and ‘western’ collections politan person who traveled much, lived in the Soviet Union, the of radiocarbon dates, to their calibration, and to the improvement USA, and Britain, and spoke several languages, he could feel at of C-14 and its applications in prehistoric archaeology. Radiocarbon home in many places while making strangers feel at home in his dating became the fundamental scaffolding for (1) the integration of own place. He treated all those around him with respect and valued archaeological and paleogeographic data sets, (2) the creation of his colleagues for their strengths and varied perspectives, yet continually updated chronologies of ‘archaeological cultures’ (the understood and accepted their weaknesses and disagreements. term used in Soviet and post-Soviet archaeology for clustered Even painful illness could not keep Pavel from his explorations archaeological sites located in a certain territory, attributed to and creative thinking. His latest research will be published in the a certain time span, and characterized by common features of tool near future through the efforts of his colleagues and associates, production and other aspects of material culture), and most impor- but so many projects, pre-arranged or just begun, will be realized tant, (3) the elaboration of sequences of archaeological and paleo- without his continued participation. He has nevertheless left geographic events (e.g., history of flora, fauna, relief, hydrological a rich legacy. His publications will be used by generations of networks, etc.) to serve as increasingly detailed models on which researchers to come, and memories of him will constantly remind further reflections might be made about the close dependence of his many friends to be open and positive. human social transformations and environmental changes. Pavel Dolukhanov lived a successful and happy life, though we One other important subject that permanently engaged him wish it had been longer. He was surrounded by family, friends, from the end of the 1960s until the final years of his life was the and colleagues who loved, respected, and admired him. We are application of scientific methods in archaeological research, with confident that he would appreciate knowing that remembering particular emphasis on mathematical statistics and data processing him makes us happy rather than sad. by computer. In this area, he pursued especially productive collab- orations with skilled mathematicians. Olena Smyntyna, Valentina Yanko-Hombach*, Allan Gilbert One of his major contributions was the active fieldwork he con- Avalon Institute of Applied Science, Environmental Micropaleontology, ducted in many parts of the world. He participated in archaeolog- 976 Elgin Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 1B4, Canada ical expeditions as well as paleogeographic, geomorphologic, * Fax: þ1 204 4895782. palynologic, and other kinds of sampling in Russia, Ukraine, Mol- E-mail address: [email protected] (V. Yanko-Hombach) dova, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, the Baltic area, Siberia, and many other regions. Pavel assembled an impressive database Available online 14 August 2010 View publication stats.
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