Appropriate Technology in Action  TWENDE Innovation Center Permaculture in Development  Beersheba Project  Intern Spotlight: Patrick Trail

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appropriate Technology in Action  TWENDE Innovation Center Permaculture in Development  Beersheba Project  Intern Spotlight: Patrick Trail ® NEWS ECHO volume 39 | issue 1 honoring God through sustainable hunger solutions in this issue: appropriate technology in action TWENDE innovation center permaculture in development beersheba project intern spotlight: Patrick Trail ECHO News 1 February 2014 2 Cor. 9:11b “…through us your generosity will result in thanksgiving to God.” David Erickson, President/CEO As we enter the New Year 2016, we celebrate “impact systems. As more and more of our knowledge resources multipliers” – the people, partners, investments and are disseminated through the internet, we have needed strategies that multiply the impact of ECHO all around to grow our abilities to develop a steady stream of the world. excellent and readily accessible materials. At the same time, ECHO’s ongoing service as a seed resource As part of our constant effort to evaluate our activities continues to be a vital dimension of our work. But and effectiveness, we recently conducted a systematic embracing the mission of providing trial packets of high survey of the nearly 10,000 worldwide members of quality, beneficial, but less accessible, seeds required a ECHOcommunity. One of the many helpful results of this major re-investment in our Florida Seed Bank. In the survey was greater clarity about our network partners middle of 2015, a family foundation made a major gift to and the impact of the ECHO resources that they use. underwrite both of these impact multiplying projects. They reported to us that they have directly impacted The IT build-out has just been completed, and the Seed over 630,000 people with ECHO resources and over Bank renovations are underway. 5.8 million people indirectly. (See opposite page for a to-scale graphic) This speaks strongly to both the In 2 Corinthians 2:8-15, the Apostle Paul names the reality extraordinary network of partners that we serve AND that God blesses people in order that they can in turn be the value that they assign to the practical and proven generous. He continues by saying that this generosity plants, practices and technologies that they learn about “through us” will result in thanksgiving to God. This is our through ECHO. deep desire – that your generosity will flow through us to bless people around the world in such a way that We also celebrate Rollie and Barbara Anderson who thanksgiving to God results. chose to invest in our capacity to educate and train about appropriate technologies. Their generosity has given But it doesn’t stop there! Paul continues to say that this birth to the Anderson Appropriate Technology Center thanksgiving will be expressed in prayers and hearts that at the ECHO-Florida campus – an entirely new venue go out to the givers because of the surpassing grace that for demonstrating beneficial technologies and practices God has given them. This sets up a ‘virtuous cycle’ that in a global village context. Thoughtfully shaped and flows from God’s impetus at every stage. How amazing skillfully developed by Craig Bielema – and his team of is that! Paul concludes aptly: “Thanks be to God for his workmates, volunteers and advisors – this Appropriate indescribable gift!” Technology Center will multiply ECHO’s opportunities to both promote and develop technologies that contribute Indeed! to reducing hunger and improving lives in difficult contexts worldwide. For some time, ECHO has needed dedicated IT (information technology) workspace and upgraded David Erickson, President & CEO ECHO News 1 January 2016 ECHO News 2 January 2016 in this issue ECHO is a global Christian organization that equips people with agricultural resources and skills to reduce hunger and improve the lives of the poor. Cover photo: Ms Zakariya Saratou Sharib is pictured with a family friend and appropriate knowledge permaculture in intern her chaya plants that she 3 technology 3 travels 6 development 9 spotlight 13 started from ECHO cuttings after she attended the West Africa Francophone Forum in January 2015. ECHO’s Growing Impact ECHO News is published quarterly by ECHO, Inc. Based of feedback from those who use and share ECHO’s resources, we edited by Danielle Flood are able to confidently share that ECHO’s resources and training have Please share your comments impacted 5.8 million people. Each about ECHO News. Write: 5,800,000 17391 Durrance Road, North person represented Fort Myers, Florida, 33917, Impact is a success story. e-mail: [email protected], or call: 239-543-3246. 630,000 Equip 10,000 Train ECHO News 1 January 2016 ECHO News 2 January 2016 Appropriate Technology in Action Overcoming Food, Water, and Shelter Challenges Around the World Rabi wakes up before the kids start to stir so that she can draw water from the community well for the day’s needs. She ties her shawl around her arms and picks up her bucket and water basin before she makes the long walk. There are many other women and girls there, and she greets them while she waits for her turn. Everyone has morning chores to do, so they don’t talk long. She drops her bucket into the deep well and pulls it out, heavy and full, to fill her basin. Three draws does it, and she raises her weighty basin onto her head for the walk home. As she walks, Rabi thinks through how long this water will last for her family before she has to come back to the well. She lowers the basin onto the ground and begins to tend to her waking children as the day begins. If Rabi’s routine is not your morning routine, it’s homestead, marketplace highlighting appropriate extremely hard to understand the daily challenges technologies prevalent in each region, 26-foot water of providing food, water, and shelter where these tower, outdoor kitchen, blacksmith shop and workshop resources are scarce. spaces for trainees to develop and use the appropriate technologies that will help equip individuals around Now, imagine it’s you pulling the water up from the well the world. and your strength carrying the water? You might wish there were a way that was not so difficult. Fortunately, Also new to this space will be the ECHO Appropriate there are solutions called appropriate technologies. Technology Village Tour. Guests can visit each of Committed to the training, demonstration, and use of the homesteads and see appropriate technologies appropriate technologies, ECHO is proud to introduce in place as well as experience how food, water, and you to the Anderson Appropriate Technology shelter resources are used around the world. A trip Center. This newly expanded and redesigned facility into the African marketplace features simple ideas for will connect trainees and guests with first-hand making water pumps and filters. In the Latin American experiences of the current realities and tools that exist marketplace harvested sugarcane is processed into in the areas of food, water, and shelter. a final product. The Asian market demonstrates improved cookstoves that increase fuel efficiency while reducing air pollution as well as various types of construction materials. This center will allow ECHO to more deeply engage and educate people about the struggles A highlight of this tour will be the homesites, modeled faced around the world, and develop and share after rural homes in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It possible solutions to these challenges. is our hope that this new space will inspire and equip people to improve lives around the world through appropriate technologies. We hope you’ll join us and This space features a training pavilion, African come experience it for yourself! homestead, Latin American homestead, Asian ECHO News 3 January 2016 ECHO News 4 January 2016 Awaiting key photo from Jan 14 event. Bob Petterson, Barbara Anderson, Rollie Anderson, Ron Tschetter, Doug Carlson, and ECHO President/CEO David Erickson officiated the ribbon cutting. Grand Opening Celebration! In January 2016, ECHO celebrated One of the many exciting benefits agriculturalists and development the grand opening of the Anderson of this newly-expanded center is workers, connecting them with good Appropriate Technology Center. Over the ability for creativity, exploration, ideas for improving their communities. a year before, Rollie and Barbara and innovation of new appropriate Anderson caught the vision of ECHO’s technology techniques. Historically, With the implementation of space for mission to reduce hunger and improve ECHO has primarily gathered development, stations and workshops lives worldwide and were eager to appropriate technologies from to encourage ingenuity, and materials invest in the expansion and renovation farmers and individuals around the for exploration, ECHO now has the of the facility. Other support came world who have experimented and opportunity to experiment and create from Kiwanis Clubs of Division 19 found helpful alternatives to farming new technologies, deepening ECHO’s and generous volunteers. Preferred methods and sustainable practices. experience, knowledge base, and Materials Inc. was a generous donor of These technologies were then shared increasing the appropriate technology concrete for the project. broadly through ECHO’s network of resources ECHO has to share. Clockwise from top left: Craig Bielema addresses the crowd; Kiwanis Club representatives pose with ECHO President/ CEO David Erickson; African homestead; Rick Burnette, Bruce Boyd, and Damon Shelor experience the handmade bamboo bridge. Watch Visit www.echonet.org/echoes to watch a video featuring the grand opening celebration, ribbon cutting, and remarks from ECHO News 3 January 2016 ECHO News 4 January 2016 the event. Innovation Centers ECHO and TWENDE – A natural partnership Over the past few years, ECHO partner International Through partnership with IDIN, ECHO is able to coordinate Development Innovation Network (IDIN) has provided development and dissemination of these technologies to support to a growing network of community innovation communities in which we work. ECHO also demonstrates centers around the world.
Recommended publications
  • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies for Greenhouse Hydroponic Production of Berry Crops
    Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies for Greenhouse Hydroponic Production of Berry Crops A report for By Wade Mann 2015 Australian Nuffield Farming Scholar December 2016 Nuffield Australia Project No: 1520 Sponsored by: © 2013 Nuffield Australia. All rights reserved. This publication has been prepared in good faith on the basis of information available at the date of publication without any independent verification. Nuffield Australia does not guarantee or warrant the accuracy, reliability, completeness of currency of the information in this publication nor its usefulness in achieving any purpose. Readers are responsible for assessing the relevance and accuracy of the content of this publication. Nuffield Australia will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information in this publication. Products may be identified by proprietary or trade names to help readers identify particular types of products but this is not, and is not intended to be, an endorsement or recommendation of any product or manufacturer referred to. Other products may perform as well or better than those specifically referred to. This publication is copyright. However, Nuffield Australia encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the organisation is clearly acknowledged. For any enquiries concerning reproduction or acknowledgement contact the Publications Manager on phone: (02) 94639229. Scholar Contact Details Wade Mann Roses 2 Go Pty Ltd P O Box 4504 Lake Haven NSW 2263 Mobile : +61 404 913 209 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the Scholar has agreed to Nuffield Australia publishing this material in its edited form.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Evaluation of Hydroponics and Other Treatment Options for Phosphorus Removal in Aquaculture Effluent Paul R
    Economic Evaluation of Hydroponics and Other Treatment Options for Phosphorus Removal in Aquaculture Effluent Paul R. Adler1 U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-9802 Jayson K. Harper Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, 214-A Armsby Building, University Park, PA 16802 Fumiomi Takeda U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430-9802 Edward M. Wade and Steven T. Summerfelt The Conservation Fund’s Freshwater Institute, P.O. Box 1889, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 Consumer demand for fish has been in- these nutrients from wastewater is an impor- an aquaculture effluent. Thin-film technology creasing despite declining ocean fish catches. tant operation because these compounds play is a hydroponic crop production system in Aquaculture, the cultivation of freshwater and a critical role in eutrophication. Emphasis has which plants grow in water that flows continu- marine plants and animals, is one of the fastest been placed on phosphorus removal for two ously as a thin-film over their roots. Water growing segments of U.S. agriculture. In the reasons: 1) phosphorus is often the most criti- flow across the roots decreases the stagnant period from 1987 to 1992, sales of farm-raised cal nutrient in eutrophication of freshwater; boundary layer surrounding each root, thus trout increased by almost 20% to over $80 and 2) nitrogen removal processes are less enhancing the mass transfer of nutrients to the million in the United States (Terlizzi et al., efficient and more expensive (Ramalho, 1983). root surface and permitting crops to maintain 1995).
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Food and the Impact of Liquid Biofuels (Agrofuels) Photo by © FAO/18079/M
    The Right to Food and the Impact of Liquid Biofuels (Agrofuels) Photo by © FAO/18079/M. Griffin RIGHT TO FOOD STUDIES Photo by © FAO/18079/M. Griffin The Right to Food and the Impact of Liquid Biofuels (Agrofuels) Asbjørn Eide FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-106174-9 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2009 The Right to Food and the Impact of Liquid Biofuels (Agrofuels) Photo by © FAO/18079/M.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Management for Hydroponics
    Eric Cook [email protected] 1 [email protected] 907-460-1316 Hydroponics NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR HYDROPONICS Nutrient Delivery is Controlled in 2 Hydroponics u No complex Soil Chemistry u Controlled Nutrient Application u Standard media behavior u Less complex biological interactions u The plant only gets what you give it Fertilizer 3 u Premixed with Micronutrients or u Individual Chemicals Mixing Chemical by Chemical 4 u Specifically Tailored for your needs based on local water quality u Should minimize waste and create the most idea nutrient solution for ideal plant growth u More complicated and chances for errors u More adaptable for nutrient adjustments u Usually 2 or 3 Concentrate Tanks http://3.imimg.com/data3/NL/XE/MY-7044661/ nitrogen-fertilizer-500x500.png Example of using Elemental Fertilizers 5 Table 1 & 2 - Pepper Formulation Macronutrients Element Concentration (ppm) Fertilizer Source Macronutrients Fe 1.5-3.0 Iron Chelate (FeDTPA) NO3-N 190 Calcium Nitrate Calcium Nitrate/ Manganese Sulfate/ NH4-N 18 Mn 0.55 Ammonium Nitrate Manganese Chelate Monopotassium P 40 Phosphate Zinc Sulfate/ Monopotassium Zn 0.33 Zinc Chelate K 340 Phosphate/ Potassium Sulfate B 0.33 Boric Acid/Solubor Ca 170 Calcium Nitrate Cu 0.05 Copper Sulfate Mg 50 Magnesium Sulfate Potassium Sulfate/ Sodium or Ammonium Mo 0.05 SO4 360 Magnesium Sulfate Molybdate http://www.howardresh.com/hydroponic-culture-peppers2.html How do you know what and how 6 much to of each fertilizer to use? u Usually you send a water sample results to a company, who recommends a formula u There are programs u If you like chemistry, you can figure it out.
    [Show full text]
  • Literally, Stories of Climate Change
    NONPROFIT CIVIL SOCIETY CSR SOCIAL ENTERPRISE PHILAntHropy 18 Winds of Change 24 The Birds and the Bees: Lessons from a Social Enterprise 36 Face-Off: End-of-Life Ideas for Plastic 52 Short Fiction: Monarch Blue Edition 27 | JAN-MAR 2019 | /AsianNGO | www.asianngo.org/magazine | US$10 It’s not all doom and gloom Find nature conservation stories with a happy ending at: Table of Contents 24 the Birds and the Bees: LessOns FrOm a SociaL enterPrise 34 PhOtO FEATURE: Last Forest Enterprises is a social initiative based in South India that supports communities dependent on biodiversity for their livelihood. iMPACT traces their women and the journey, and some lessons they learned along the way. envirOnment PHOTO CREDITS Graphics, stock photos by flaticon.com, freepik.com, 123rf.com, Pixabay, Unsplash, Pexels, Ten Photos to Shake the World and Getty Images • Aadhimalai Pazhangudiyinar Producer Co. Ltd. • ABC Central Victoria: Larissa Romensky • B&T Magazine • BioCote • Canopy • Colossal • Conservation International • Digital Green 18 Winds of change 37 Face-Off: end- • Endangered Emoji/World Wide Fund For Nature • Florence Geyevu of-LiFe ideas for • Ian Kelly Jamotillo Renewable energy, despite its promise • Last Forest Enterprises of a cleaner planet, is not without its • Lensational PLastic • Misper Apawu problems. Meera Rajagopalan explores • National Wildlife Federation wind energy and its effect on bird Plastic pollution is putting countries • Sanna Lindberg in danger, yet improper waste • SDF fatalities, and how organizations such • Sasmuan Bankung Malapad Critical Habitat as Birdlife International promote clean disposal continues. iMPACT takes a Ecotourism Area (SBMCHEA) look at three possible solutions for • The Elephants & Bees Project / Lucy King energy from a biodiversity prospective.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPARISION BETWEEN HYDROPONIC and SOIL SYSTEMS for GROWING STRAWBERRIES in a GREENHOUSE Chenin Treftz, Stanley T
    Int. J. Agr. Ext. 03 (03) 2015. 195-200 Available Online at ESci Journals International Journal of Agricultural Extension ISSN: 2311-6110 (Online), 2311-8547 (Print) http://www.escijournals.net/IJAE COMPARISION BETWEEN HYDROPONIC AND SOIL SYSTEMS FOR GROWING STRAWBERRIES IN A GREENHOUSE Chenin Treftz, Stanley T. Omaye Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences Department and Environmental Sciences and Health Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, USA. A B S T R A C T Consumption of strawberries has been asserted to have many health promoting bioactive compounds including antioxidants. Growing fruits and vegetables hydroponically represent a possible opportunity towards sustainable crop production; it would be beneficial to examine the feasibility and the potential ability to replace soil systems for growing strawberries. Unlike leafy greens, the root structures, stalk, and fruit are more complex and require more physical support. In this study, hydroponic strawberries were higher in terms of fruit yield and plant survival rate. In soil-grown strawberries, the overall mass was significantly higher by 23%, but there was a larger variation of fruit size indicated by a large standard deviation. Startup costs for growing strawberries in hydroponic systems can be more than soil systems. Growing strawberries in hydroponic systems are feasible, at reasonable cost and more sustainable compared to traditionally soil grown systems. Future research should investigate various hydroponic growing methods and the feasibility of growing at the commercial level. Keywords: Hydroponic, greenhouse, strawberry, feasibility, technology. INTRODUCTION 2000; Buchanan & Omaye, 2013; Gruda, 2009; Koyama et Hydroponic food production, or growing food without al., 2013). However, research evidence regarding soil, is increasing worldwide ad seem to have a positive hydroponic strawberry production under hydroponic overtone as consumers are becoming more aware of the systems has been seen as scanty.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroponics. Is Suitable for Use by Home­ for Those Who Are Handicapped
    HAWAII COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii GENERAL HOME GARDENSERIES No. 35 HYDROPONICS Kenneth W. Leonhardt Associate Specialist in Horticulture Wade W. McCall Specialist in Soil Management ., . I Figure 1. This typical hydroponic pot contains gravel and fits into Figure 2. In this large-scale hydroponic operation, tomato plants the larger pot, which contains the solution. in long, narrow beds are supported with twine strung from a wood­ en frame at each end of the bed. Hydroponics is the culture of plants in nutrient high-value crops out of season is desired.. The solutions. Controlled applications of a properly hydroponic installation may be placed on any balanced, diluted nutrient solution are made at suitable site without regard to soil. fertility. .re'gular intervals to meet plant needs for nutrients and water.. This· results in uniformly high-quality Hydroponics may be used where adequate supplies :produce-in taste, appearance, and· nutritional of good water are available but where so.il is not content. available-in apartments, for example. Hydroponics may be used where soilborne diseases may be The United States' Armed :Services use hydroponic transmitted to humans from soil-grown crops. It gardens to pr<ilVide fresh produce on isolated also proviq,es physical and occupational therapy islands. Hydroponics. is suitable for use by home­ for those who are handicapped. owners and amateJ~r gardeners as. well as commer­ cial growers. It is an interesting and rewarding Hydroponic installation may be small, simple, and hobby or occupation. inexpensive to large, elaborate, and expensive (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Technologies to Sustain Forest Resources
    Technologies To Sustain Forest Resources March 1984 OTA-F-515 NTIS order #PB92-182104 Recommended Citation: Technologies to Sustain Tropical Forest Resources (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-F-214, March 1984). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 84-601018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword The United States has a stake in the sustained economic development of tropical nations for humanitarian, political, and economic reasons. To a great extent, the development of these nations depends on increasing production from their poten- tially renewable soil, forest, and water resources. But tropical forest resources, which cover nearly one-half of the tropical nations’ land, are being consumed at a rate that may make them nonrenewable. They are exploited for timber and cleared for pasture and cropland with little regard for their abilities to produce—in a long- term sustainable fashion—important goods, maintain soil productivity, regulate water regimes, or regenerate themselves. Much of the recent deforestation occurs where the new land uses cannot be sustained and it causes productivity losses that tropical nations and the world can ill afford. International recognition of the importance of tropical forests, and efforts to sustain the productivity of these resources, have increased significantly in the last decade. In 1980, the House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs, Sub- committee on International Organizations, held hearings on tropical deforestation. The committee then requested the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) to con- duct a more thorough assessment of the problem, the technologies that could help sustain tropical forest resources, and possible options for Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Observe and Replicate Natural Patterns
    THE PERMACULTURE ETHICS Care of Earth Care of Humans Share the Surplus Respect Intrinsic Value THE PRINCIPLES OF PERMACULTURE from Bill Mollison & David Holmgren Observe and Interact The primary design tool is the designer. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Observation is a short way of saying, “Noticing the information coming from all your senses as they experience and interact with your environment, both inner and outer.” The root of this principle is the willingness to begin designing a culture based on co-creation with Nature, while acknowledging the limitations of our present cultural norm of separation from Nature. It is the willingness to Dance with Nature, learning when to interfere, when not to; learning where limitations and abundances exist, and when; and how to intermesh our human-ness into an ecosystem to meet our needs and help it work better for All. OBSERVATION PRACTICES: sit spot, meditation, breathing awareness, journaling, Nature Walks [learning about the flora and fauna that live around you], Herb Walks [learning about wild edibles and medicinals], learning tracking/hunting skills, learning about the movement of the constellations and the moon. Obtain a Yield You can’t work on an empty stomach. [and neither can anyone else] Definition of system yield: System yield is the sum total of surplus energy produced by, stored, conserved, reused or converted by the design. Energy is in surplus once the system itself has available all it needs for growth, reproduction and maintenance. As PC designers, we are creating “cultivated ecosystems” – cultivated to produce a yield of food, shelter, fiber, medicine, or other product/service useful to humans.
    [Show full text]
  • K-12 Educational Technology Curriculum Reference Guide
    PLAINVIEW-OLD BETHPAGE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT K-12 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM REFERENCE GUIDE Mrs. Marjorie Alford, Middle School Teacher Ms. Joanne Levy, Elementary Library Media Specialist Mr. Michael Secko, High School Teacher & Mr. Guy A. Lodico, Director of Technology 1 Plainview-Old Bethpage Central School District 106 Washington Avenue, Plainview, New York 11803 Mission Statement The mission of the Plainview-Old Bethpage School District is to provide an academically challenging and stimulating environment for all students, and to enable them to realize their full potential to be happy, ethical and analytical citizens of the world. We do this by: making tolerance, acceptance, respect, honesty and kindness expectations for all students and for members of the Plainview-Old Bethpage school community; identifying each student’s academic, social-emotional, aesthetic and physical needs, and striving to meet those needs; and encouraging communication between and among students, teachers, parents, administrators, and community members. 2 Table of Contents: Introduction 4 Vision Statement / K-12 Technology Curriculum Integration Structure 6-7 Student Technology Assessment Rubric 11 Staff Development Needs 10-12 K-8 Computer Technology Skills 12-19 K-6 Computer Terminology 20-23 K-6 Web Sites 24-27 Seventh & Eighth Grade 27-35 Ninth to Twelfth Grade 36 English Curriculum 36-40 Mathematics Curriculum 41-42 Science Curriculum 43-45 Social Studies Curriculum 45-47 Modern Language Curriculum 47-51 Tools for Developing Internet Materials
    [Show full text]
  • MARKET RESEARCH for FOOD Products and PROCESSES IN
    MARKET RESEARCH FOR FOOD PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The International Development Research Centre is a public corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the needs of developing countries. The Centre's activity is concentrated in five sectors: agriculture, food and nutrition sciences; health sciences; information sciences; social sciences; and communi- cations. IDRC is financed solely by the Parliament of Canada; its policies, however, are set by an international Board of Governors. The Centres head- quarters are in Ottawa, Canada. Regional offices are located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. MARKET RESEARCH FOR FOOD PRODUcTS AND PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP HELD IN SINGAPORE, 1-4 APRIL 1986 EDITORS: R.H. YOUNG AND C.W. MACCORMAC ` International Development Research Centre 1987 Postal Address: PO. Box 8500, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1G 3H9 Young, R.H. MacCormac, C.W. IDRC-249e Market research for food products and processes in developing countries : proceedings of a workshop held in Singapore, 1-4 April 1986. Ottawa, Ont., IDRC, 1987. xii + 144 p.: ill. /Market studies/, /research and development/, /food technology/, /post-harvest systems/, /Asia/ - /human nutrition/, /small-scale industry/, /fish processing/, /drying/, /social aspects/, /case studies/, /conference reports/, lists of participants/, /references/. UDC: 380.13:664 ISBN 0-88936-478-8 Technical Editor: K. Kealey-Vallière A microfiche edition is available. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Development Research Centre. Mention of proprietary names does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Wastewater from Hydroponics Culture on Lettuce Cultivation
    Int'l Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Engg. (IJAAEE) Vol. 3, Issue 2 (2016) ISSN 2349-1523 EISSN 2349-1531 Effect of Wastewater from Hydroponics Culture on Lettuce Cultivation Dr. Prathima Seechurn Poonpoon, and Dr. Bhanooduth Lalljee evaluate the effects of hydroponic effluents in agricultural Abstract- The use of wastewater generated from open hydroponic crops, the objective of the present work was sought to quantify systems in Mauritius was identified as being an important issue for the shoot mass production of lettuce plants, as well as foliar crop production. In the present study hydroponic effluents at nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements content different dilution factor combined with the recommended fertiliser following the application of hydroponic effluents. rate was investigated. The yield and nutrient composition of lettuce was accordingly considered. The experimental design chosen was entirely randomised, with four replications. Data were statistically II. FIELD EXPERIMENT analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to the The treatments were as follows: T1: Control (no fertiliser statistical package. The treatments were T1: Control (no fertiliser and and no hydroponic effluents), T2: 100% hydroponic effluents no hydroponic effluents), T2: 100% hydroponic effluents as per 1 1 as per initial EC value, T3: Diluted hydroponic effluents to /2 initial EC value, T3: Diluted hydroponic effluents to /2 the initial EC the initial EC value, T4: 75% recommended mineral fertiliser value, T4:75% recommended mineral fertiliser rate + 25% of the rate + 25% of the mineral fertiliser applied in form of mineral fertiliser applied in form of hydroponic effluents, T5: 100% recommended mineral fertiliser rate (70 kg N/ha, 71 kg P/ha, 93 kg hydroponic effluents, T5: 100% recommended mineral K/ha).
    [Show full text]