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Myth, Language, Empire: the East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-10-2011 12:00 AM Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857 Nida Sajid University of Western Ontario Supervisor Nandi Bhatia The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Nida Sajid 2011 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Literature in English, British Isles Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Sajid, Nida, "Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857" (2011). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 153. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/153 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857 (Spine Title: Myth, Language, Empire) (Thesis format: Monograph) by Nida Sajid Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Nida Sajid 2011 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners _____________________ _ ____________________________ Dr. -
The Production of Bhutan's Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics Kaul, N
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch 'Where is Bhutan?': The Production of Bhutan's Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics Kaul, N. This journal article has been accepted for publication and will appear in a revised form, subsequent to peer review and/or editorial input by Cambridge University Press in the Journal of Asian Studies. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University Press, 2021 The final definitive version in the online edition of the journal article at Cambridge Journals Online is available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911820003691 The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Manuscript ‘Where is Bhutan?’: The Production of Bhutan’s Asymmetrical Inbetweenness in Geopolitics Abstract In this paper, I interrogate the exhaustive ‘inbetweenness’ through which Bhutan is understood and located on a map (‘inbetween India and China’), arguing that this naturalizes a contemporary geopolitics with little depth about how this inbetweenness shifted historically over the previous centuries, thereby constructing a timeless, obscure, remote Bhutan which is ‘naturally’ oriented southwards. I provide an account of how Bhutan’s asymmetrical inbetweenness construction is nested in the larger story of the formation and consolidation of imperial British India and its dissolution, and the emergence of post-colonial India as a successor state. I identify and analyze the key economic dynamics of three specific phases (late 18th to mid 19th centuries, mid 19th to early 20th centuries, early 20th century onwards) marked by commercial, production, and security interests, through which this asymmetrical inbetweenness was consolidated. -
The British Expedition to Sikkim of 1888: the Bhutanese Role
i i i i West Bohemian Historical Review VIII j 2018 j 2 The British Expedition to Sikkim of 1888: The Bhutanese Role Matteo Miele∗ In 1888, a British expedition in the southern Himalayas represented the first direct con- frontation between Tibet and a Western power. The expedition followed the encroach- ment and occupation, by Tibetan troops, of a portion of Sikkim territory, a country led by a Tibetan Buddhist monarchy that was however linked to Britain with the Treaty of Tumlong. This paper analyses the role of the Bhutanese during the 1888 Expedi- tion. Although the mediation put in place by Ugyen Wangchuck and his allies would not succeed because of the Tibetan refusal, the attempt remains important to under- stand the political and geopolitical space of Bhutan in the aftermath of the Battle of Changlimithang of 1885 and in the decades preceding the ascent to the throne of Ugyen Wangchuck. [Bhutan; Tibet; Sikkim; British Raj; United Kingdom; Ugyen Wangchuck; Thirteenth Dalai Lama] In1 1907, Ugyen Wangchuck2 was crowned king of Bhutan, first Druk Gyalpo.3 During the Younghusband Expedition of 1903–1904, the fu- ture sovereign had played the delicate role of mediator between ∗ Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, 46 Yoshida-shimoadachicho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17F17306. The author is a JSPS International Research Fellow (Kokoro Research Center – Kyoto University). 2 O rgyan dbang phyug. In this paper it was preferred to adopt a phonetic transcrip- tion of Tibetan, Bhutanese and Sikkimese names. -
Bhutan's Political Transition –
Spotlight South Asia Paper Nr. 2: Bhutan’s Political Transition – Between Ethnic Conflict and Democracy Author: Dr. Siegried Wolf (Heidelberg) ISSN 2195-2787 1 SSA ist eine regelmäßig erscheinende Analyse- Reihe mit einem Fokus auf aktuelle politische Ereignisse und Situationen Südasien betreffend. Die Reihe soll Einblicke schaffen, Situationen erklären und Politikempfehlungen geben. SSA is a frequently published analysis series with a focus on current political events and situations concerning South Asia. The series should present insights, explain situations and give policy recommendations. APSA (Angewandte Politikwissenschaft Südasiens) ist ein auf Forschungsförderung und wissenschaftliche Beratung ausgelegter Stiftungsfonds im Bereich der Politikwissenschaft Südasiens. APSA (Applied Political Science of South Asia) is a foundation aiming at promoting science and scientific consultancy in the realm of political science of South Asia. Die Meinungen in dieser Ausgabe sind einzig die der Autoren und werden sich nicht von APSA zu eigen gemacht. The views expressed in this paper are solely the views of the authors and are not in any way owned by APSA. Impressum: APSA Im Neuehnheimer Feld 330 D-69120 Heidelberg [email protected] www.apsa.info 2 Acknowledgment: The author is grateful to the South Asia Democratic Forum (SADF), Brussels for the extended support on this report. 3 Bhutan ’ s Political Transition – Between Ethnic Conflict and Democracy Until recently Bhutan (Drukyul - Land of the Thunder Dragon) did not fit into the story of the global triumph of democracy. Not only the way it came into existence but also the manner in which it was interpreted made the process of democratization exceptional. As a land- locked country which is bordered on the north by Tibet in China and on the south by the Indian states Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, it was a late starter in the process of state-building. -
Abstract: the Legacy of the Estado Da India the Portuguese Arrived In
1 Abstract: The Legacy of the Estado da India The Portuguese arrived in India in 1498; yet there are few apparent traces of their presence today, „colonialism‟ being equated almost wholly with the English. Yet traces of Portugal linger ineradicably on the west coast; a possible basis for a cordial re-engagement between India and Portugal in a post-colonial world. Key words: Portuguese, India, colonial legacy, British Empire in India, Estado da India, Goa. Mourning an Empire? Looking at the legacy of the Estado da India. - Dr. Dhara Anjaria 19 December 2011 will mark the fiftieth anniversary of Operation Vijay, a forty-eight hour offensive that ended the Estado da India, that oldest and most reviled of Europe’s ‘Indian Empires.’ This piece remembers and commemorates the five hundred year long Portuguese presence in India that broke off into total estrangement half a hundred years ago, and has only latterly recovered into something close to a detached disengagement.i The colonial legacy informs many aspects of life in the Indian subcontinent, and is always understood to mean the British, the English, legacy. The subcontinent‟s encounter with the Portuguese does not permeate the consciousness of the average Indian on a daily basis. The British Empire is the medium through which the modern Indian navigates the world; he- or she- acknowledges an affiliation to the Commonwealth, assumes a familiarity with Australian mining towns, observes his access to a culturally remote North America made easy by a linguistic commonality, has family offering safe harbours (or increasingly, harbors) from Nairobi to Cape © 2011 The Middle Ground Journal Number 2, Spring 2011 2 Town, and probably watched the handover of Hong Kong with a proprietary feeling, just as though he had a stake in it; after all, it was also once a „British colony.‟ To a lesser extent, but with no lesser fervour, does the Indian acknowledge the Gallicization of parts of the subcontinent. -
Impact of the Sepoy Mutiny on Indian Polity and Society
Impact of the Sepoy Mutiny on Indian Polity and Society claws.in/1420/impact-of-the-sepoy-mutiny-in-indian-polity-and-society-isha-naravane.html #1420 184 August 14, 2015 By Isha Naravane Introduction The events of 1857 loom large in Indian History. Some consider it the first great war of independence, others a mere mutiny and some say it was a revolt against existing conditions. Whatever be the case, the most singular consequence for India’s army was how the British now viewed their armed forces in India. Whether the British ruled it as a trading company or as a nation, the use of force and military might was still necessary to occupy and subjugate the subcontinent. The Revolt of 1857 led to a re-organization of the Indian army and this article highlights some of the socio-economic and cultural impacts of this re-organization. The soldier is also a product of his socio-economic, cultural and political landscape. The recruitment of natives for the British Indian army on a large scale, their training in modern warfare methods, the salary and rewards given to native soldiers all had an impact on the environment where the soldiers came from, on Indian rulers who fielded armies on the battlefield, and on agrarian communities who ultimately shouldered the revenue burden for maintenance of armies. Salient Features Impacting Post-Mutiny Re-Organisation The events of the 1857 uprising all over India are well-documented. This article will discuss those which are pertinent to large scale re-organisation of political and military systems. -
An Exceptional Famine; Not Nature but Churchill's War Effort and British
Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 An exceptional famine; Not nature but Churchill’s war effort and British policies that contributed to the Bengal famine of 1943. Bappajit chatterjee (M.A in History) W.B SET 2018, ASSSITANT TEACHER MALDA, WEST BENGAL, INDIA. ‘Famine or no famine, Indians are breeding like rabbits’ - Winston Churchill. AbstractAbstract- -D roughtsFrom time and faminesimmemorial are integral Droughts part andof human famines civilization. are integral Like thepart other of countrieshuman incivilization. the world IndiaLike other have countrieswitnessed in some the worldserious India famines have fromwitnessed ancient some times. serious During famines the time from of theancient British times. India During there thehave time the of Bengal the ‘British famine India of 1770,’ there the has Chalisa the Bengal famine famine in 1783, of 1770, the Dojithe BaraChalisa famine famine of 1791in 1783, etc. theEvery Doji famine Bara hadfamine its ofclose 1791 connection, etc. Every with famine crop hadfailure, its closseveree droughtsconnection due with to croplack failure,of rainfall severe etc, droughts which means due to nature lack of was rainfall main etc, factor which behind means all nature those famines.was the Butmain ther factore have behind another all thoseexample famines. like the But 1943 there great have Bengalanother famine example which like completelythe 1943 camegreat as Bengal a result famine of British which policy completely Failure. came This as famine a result came of Britishduring thepoli timecy Failure. of the Second This famine World War.came In during this paper the time I tried of the to Secondexplain Worldthe British War. policyIn this failure paper ,that I have actually tried takento explain about the 3.5 millionBritish ofpolicy lives. -
Book History Essay 4
Books in the British Raj: The Contradictions of Liberal Imperialism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Darnton, Robert. 2001. Books in the British Raj: The contradictions of liberal imperialism. In Stephan Füssel, ed., Sonderdruck aus Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 36-59. Mainz: Gutenberg-Ges. Previously published as "Literary Surveillance in the British Raj: The Contradictions of Liberal Imperialism" in Book History 4:133-176. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bh.2001.0007 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2625468 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Books in the British Raj: The Contradictions of Liberal Imperialism Robert Darnton William Lawler made a most unlikely literary policeman. He was a librarian, a learned librarian, who looked out on the teeming city of Calcutta from the perspective of Roman antiquity and Victorian morality. Before him, spread out on a table, lay a huge sheet of paper divided into sixteen columns. Behind him, in endless rows of shelves, were books, a huge harvest of books from Bengal in the year 1879. Lawler’s job was to fill in the columns. The first columns posed no problem. They organized the information required for the registration of new books; and their printed headings conformed to Act XXV of the Governor General of India in Council for 1867: language of text, author, subject, place of printing and publication, name of printer and publisher, date of publication, number of pages, format, edition, pressrun, printing by movable type or lithography, price, owner of copyright. -
How Was India Changed by British Imperialism?
IMPERIALISM Part 2: How was India changed by British Imperialism? Part 1 :How was India changed by British Imperialism? Objective: Understand how the people of India were impacted by political control changing hands from the the British East India Company to the British Crown. __________________________________________________________________________________ Assessment Goals: ● Explain the political, economic, and social consequences of the British Imperialism (Learning Targets 6,7, &8). Category Evidence (Provide at least two historical examples for each.) Political Causes (LT8) Social Causes (L7) Economic Causes (LT9) Notes Graphs: (Create something similar in your notes) Describe what it was like in India after British Imperialism Government Culture: Art, architecture, Dress, Religion, etc. Economy/Trade/Geographic Advantages Day 1: Government: Political Changes in India- The British Raj Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBI8-eHkxgw- Begin at 2:50- 3:50 John Green: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo: Begin at 8:25- 10:30 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml, 1858: Beginning of the Raj http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/British_Raj In 1858, British Crown rule was established in India, ending a century of control by the East India Company. The life and death struggle that preceded this formalisation of British control lasted nearly two years, cost £36 million, and is variously referred to as the 'Great Rebellion', the 'Indian Mutiny' or the 'First War of Indian Independence'. 1 Inevitably, the consequences of this bloody rupture marked the nature of political, social and economic rule that the British established in its wake. It is important to note that the Raj (in Hindi meaning 'to rule' or 'kingdom') never encompassed the entire land mass of the sub-continent. -
Britain and Tibet 1765-1947
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 26 Number 1 People and Environment: Conservation and Management of Natural Article 16 Resources across the Himalaya No. 1 & 2 2006 Britain and Tibet 1765-1947: A Select Annotated Bibliography of British Relations with Tibet and the Himalayan States, Including Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan by Julie Marshall; reviewed by Peter Hansen Peter Hansen Worcester Polytechnic Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Hansen, Peter. 2006. Britain and Tibet 1765-1947: A Select Annotated Bibliography of British Relations with Tibet and the Himalayan States, Including Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan by Julie Marshall; reviewed by Peter Hansen. HIMALAYA 26(1). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol26/iss1/16 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRITAIN AND TIBET 1765-1947: A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BRITISH RELATIONS WITH TIBET AND THE HIMALAYAN STATES INCLUDING NEPAL, SIKKIM AND BHUTAN JULIE MARSHALL Britain and Tibet 1765-1947 is an outstanding is given to boundary questions throughout, and scholarly reference forthe history ofBritish -
Common Lands Made 'Wastelands'– Making of the 'Wastelands' Into
Common lands made ‘Wastelands’ – Making of the ‘Wastelands’ into Common lands To be presented at the 14th Global Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons June 03-07, 2013 By Subrata Singh Foundation for Ecological Security Common lands made ‘Wastelands’ - Making of the ‘Wastelands’ into Common lands1 Subrata Singh2 Abstract This paper explores the evolution of the discourse on “wastelands” in India – from the colonial time to the present – and how it has shaped India’s land related policies. This paper is an attempt to understand the changing rights of the communities to use the resources over the past two centuries. The concept of wastelands in India originated during the colonial period and included all lands that were not under cultivation through the process of settlement for all land held under different property regimes. While the state took all the wastelands under its purview through the principle of Eminent Domain, these lands were supposed to be managed with the principle of Public Trust Doctrine – where the State is not an absolute owner, but a trustee of all natural resources. With the competing demands over the wastelands, the discussions and discourse have emerged on the relevance of the common lands (wastelands) in ecological and economic terms and against the use of such wastelands for commercial purposes. This has further been strengthened by the enactment of the Forest Rights Act in 2006 and the recent judgments by the Supreme Court of India on the protection of the common lands. This has brought in a discourse on the Communitization of the wastelands as Commons. -
Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910 Aja B. Tolman Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Tolman, Aja B., "Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4989 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOLOGISTS AND THE BRITISH RAJ, 1870-1910 by Aja B. Tolman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ____________________ _____________________ Dr. Tammy Proctor Dr. Leonard Rosenband Major Professor Committee Member ____________________ _____________________ Dr. Charlie Huenemann Dr. Mark McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Aja Tolman 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910 by Aja Tolman, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Tammy Proctor Department: History The Geological Survey of India (GSI) was a government institution that was created to map the geography and mineral resources of colonial India. British geologists Thomas Oldham and Valentine Ball used the GSI in order to affect policy changes regarding museum ownership, environmental conservation, and railroad construction.