Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology

Thomas Teo Editor

Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology

With 13 Figures and 2 Tables Editor Thomas Teo Department of Psychology York University Toronto, ON, Canada

ISBN 978-1-4614-5582-0 ISBN 978-1-4614-5583-7 (eBook) ISBN 978-1-4614-5584-4 (print and electronic bundle) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014931655

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Preface

No perspicuous definition of critical psychology currently exists. For some psychologists, critical psychology is about analyzing psychology in the context of power, including the power that psychology, as a discipline and as a practice, exerts in the process of subjectification. For others, critical psychology is about acknowledging and analyzing the embeddedness of human mental life or subjectivity, and their conceptualizations, in larger structures such as society, history, or culture. Still others have argued that critical psychology is principally a practice or that psychologists should give primacy to praxis over theory, whereby the term is understood in the context of emancipation, liberation, or resistance. Some have argued that critical psychology is about deconstructing mainstream psychology while providing new and better alternative concepts, theories, and practices. Again, others have argued that critical psychology, as a human science and profession, should be guided specifically by the values of social justice, equality, solidarity, and liberty. Some have even argued that critical psychology is about decolonizing traditional psychology and challenging the status quo. I do not even attempt to provide a conclusive definition of critical psychol- ogy, but would rather suggest that an encyclopedia of critical psychology needs to cast a net as wide as possible around what critically psychology may entail. Indeed, the entries in this encyclopedia are a testimony to the variety of understandings of what critical could mean. Represented here are approaches that include phenomenology and hermeneutics, Marxism, feminism, social constructionism, anti-psychiatry, anarchism, critical theory, chaos theory, critical race and disability theory, queer theory, radical community psychol- ogy, psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, postcolonial theory, and other non-mainstream approaches. As it is often the case with approaches whose identities are marginal and hybrid, I am certain that some critical psychologists would have liked to exclude or re-write other critical psychologists’ entries, or to have seen additional entries. Certainly, such exclusionary and inclusionary intentions emerge from this heterogeneous area that we call critical psychology. To the best of my knowledge, the Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology is the first English-language encyclopedia that focuses on concepts, theories, and practices that reflect various critical traditions while providing analytical evaluations of traditional as well as critical ideas. The structure of the encyclopedia reflects this notion when traditional and critical debates on a specific subject matter or topic are compared and contrasted. Longer entries

vii viii Preface in the work include the history as well as the meaning of a psychological term in an international and practical context. Reflection on the meaning or relevance of a term in a global context forces the author, and the reader, to move beyond their own theoretical-geographical borders. I believe that this requirement, to reach beyond one’s own frameworks, was a difficult one to fulfil for some authors. Equally difficult was it for theory-oriented critical psychologists to reflect on the meaning of their analyses for praxis, even in its widest meaning. This ground-breaking encyclopedia, which has attempted to include a range of critical traditions, geographical regions, and as many relevant terms as possible, could however be improved in multiple ways. For instance, language remains an important barrier for a wide variety of international contributions, and English-speaking authors were thus privileged. Doing perfect justice to all the problems that we encountered when committing to the internationalization of (critical) psychology, as well as to the varieties of critical psychology and to the vast array of terms that demand critical assessment, would have required more time and space. I hope we will be able to remedy such lacunae in future editions, but I believe that the present edition will be helpful to psychologists as well as human and social scientists more broadly. Indeed, the encyclopedia provides a systematic voice for critical psychologists from around the world when looking comprehensively at psychological topics from critical points of view. Finally, I should mention that it was challenging to commit authors to follow a pre-arranged structure, which was intended to provide coherence and improve readability for students and academics alike. The very nature of critical psychology as a challenge to the status quo was turned against the idea of producing a structured discussion of psychological terms. Such an intuitive reaction, sometimes justified through reason, required coaching and appeals to solidarity to overcome. Still, some entries did not follow the structure completely. I do not necessarily consider this a weakness but a reality that reflects the complexity and variety of critical thinking and critical personalities in psychology.

December 2013 Thomas Teo Toronto, ON, Canada Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the following project managers at York University, and particularly Zhipeng Gao, without whose active management and leadership this project would not have been possible: Marissa E. Barnes Patric Plesa York University York University Toronto, ON Toronto, ON Canada Canada Zhipeng Gao Raha Sheivari York University York University Toronto, ON Toronto, ON Canada Canada Mathis Kaiser Ben Zabinski University of Konstanz York University Konstanz Toronto, ON Germany Canada

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation for the special contribu- tions of the following academics toward the publication of this title: Jacob A. Belzen Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont University of Amsterdam Institute of Psychology and Amsterdam Education The Netherlands Faculty of Humanities Luciano Mecacci University of Neuchaˆtel Department of Psychology Neuchaˆtel University of Florence Switzerland Firenze Paul Stenner Italy Department of Psychology China Mills Faculty of Social Sciences Oxford Poverty and Human The Open University Development Initiative (OPHI) Milton Keynes Oxford Department of International UK Development University of Oxford Oxford UK

ix x Acknowledgments

I am thankful to the editorial advisory board members who upheld the quality of the entries. I would also like to thank Sharon Panulla and Michael Hermann from Springer in New York, the publisher’s staff in India, and particularly Abhijit Baroi for their effective organizational work on this project and for making this extraordinary encyclopedia possible. Finally, my gratitude belongs to Dr. Angela Febbraro and Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) for their ongoing support of my research projects.

December 2013 Thomas Teo About the Editor

Thomas Teo Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Thomas Teo is professor and a member of the History and Theory of Psychology Graduate Program in the Department of Psychology at York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is the current Editor of the Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, the official journal of the American Psychological Association’s Society for Theoretical and Phil- osophical Psychology. Professor Teo is also President of the International Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology and a fellow of the Canadian Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association. Professor Teo has a research record of more than 150 refereed publications and presentations. He has been active in the advancement of theoretical, philosophical, and historical psychology from a critical perspective through- out his career.

xi

Editorial Advisory Board

Lars Allolio-Nacke€ Center for Anthropology of Religion(s), Friedrich- Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany

Michael Arfken Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada

xiii xiv Editorial Advisory Board

Angelina Baydala Clinical Psychologist, Independent Practice, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Betty M. Bayer The Martin Marty Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and Department of Women’s Studies, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA Editorial Advisory Board xv

Michael Billig Department of Social Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

Lisa Blackman Department of Media and Communications, Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, UK xvi Editorial Advisory Board

Virginia Braun School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand

Svend Brinkmann Department of Communication & Psychology, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark Editorial Advisory Board xvii

Adrian C. Brock School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

Jens Brockmeier Department of Psychology, The American University of Paris, Paris, France xviii Editorial Advisory Board

Erica Burman Manchester Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Rose Capdevila Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Editorial Advisory Board xix

Frances Cherry Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Anthony Collins Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa xx Editorial Advisory Board

John Cromby Psychology, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

Jan De Vos Centre for Critical Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Editorial Advisory Board xxi

Ole Dreier Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Rachel Joffe Falmagne Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA xxii Editorial Advisory Board

Sayyed Mohsen Fatemi Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Pablo Ferna´ndez Christlieb Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Editorial Advisory Board xxiii

Michelle Fine The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

David Fryer Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Lenasia, South Africa and School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK xxiv Editorial Advisory Board

Kenneth Gergen Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA

Brendan Gough School of Social, Psychological & Communication Sciences, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK Editorial Advisory Board xxv

Aydan Gulerce Institute of Social Sciences & Department of Educational Sciences, Bogazic¸i University, Istanbul, Turkey

Tunghung Ho Department of Psychology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan xxvi Editorial Advisory Board

Lin-Ching Hsia Department of Psychology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

Yasuhiro Igarashi General Department of Aesthetics, Yamano College of Aesthetics, Tokyo, Japan Editorial Advisory Board xxvii

Bernardo Jimenez-Dominguez Center for Urban Studies, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico

Gordana Jovanovic Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia xxviii Editorial Advisory Board

Michael Kral Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA

Eva Magnusson Department of Psychology, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden Editorial Advisory Board xxix

Wolfgang Maiers Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Applied Sciences at Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal, Germany and Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Kareen R. Malone Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA and AF, Apre`s Coup, New York, NY, USA xxx Editorial Advisory Board

Jeanne Marecek Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA

Sadi Marhaba Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Editorial Advisory Board xxxi

Morus Markard Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Athanasios Marvakis Department of Primary Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessalonika, Greece xxxii Editorial Advisory Board

Maritza Montero Faculty of Humanities and Education, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela

Jill Morawski Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA Editorial Advisory Board xxxiii

Mandy Morgan School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Johanna F. Motzkau Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK xxxiv Editorial Advisory Board

Michael Murray School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK

Morten Nissen Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Editorial Advisory Board xxxv

Desmond Painter Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Western Cape, South Africa

Dimitris Papadopoulos School of Management, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK xxxvi Editorial Advisory Board

Ian Parker School of Management, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Isaac Prilleltensky School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Editorial Advisory Board xxxvii

Wolff-Michael Roth Applied Cognitive Science, Department of Curricu- lum and Instruction, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Alexandra Rutherford Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada xxxviii Editorial Advisory Board

Ernst Schraube Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark

Tod Sloan Department of Counseling Psychology, Lewis and Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling, Portland, OR, USA Editorial Advisory Board xxxix

Thomas Slunecko Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psycholog- ical Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Henderikus J. Stam Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada xl Editorial Advisory Board

Valerie Walkerdine School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

Richard T. G. Walsh Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Contributors

Dan Aalbers Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Christopher Aanstoos Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA Matthew Adams School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Brigh- ton, Brighton, UK Bipasha Ahmed Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George’s, University of London, London, UK Alejandra S. Albarran School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Lars Allolio-Nacke€ Center for Anthropology of Religion(s), Friedrich- Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-Nurnberg,€ Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany Patria Alvelo Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, Widener Univer- sity, Chester, PA, USA Kathryn Anderson Department of Psychology, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio, TX, USA Jeffrey Paul Ansloos Graduate School of Psychology, Fuller Theological Seminary, Los Angeles, CA, USA Michael Arfken Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada Michael Arribas-Ayllon School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Stephanie Austin School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Johannes I. Bakker Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Univer- sity of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Laura C. Ball Research and Academics Division, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada Mary Ballou Department of Counselling and Applied Educational Psychol- ogy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

xli xlii Contributors

Claude Barbre The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology Program, Chicago, IL, USA Meg Barker Faculty of Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Marissa Barnes Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Geoff J. Bathje Counseling Psychology, Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA Sertan Batur Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Angelina Baydala Clinical Psychologist, Independent Practice, Edmonton, AB, Canada Betty M. Bayer The Martin Marty Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Women’s Studies, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA Dana Becker Bryn Mawr Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA Julia C. Becker Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Alexander Bennett National Development and Research Institutes Inc, New York, NY, USA Corrine Bertram Department of Psychology, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA, USA Sunil Bhatia Department of Human Development, Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA Barbara Biglia Departament of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain Nida Bikmen Department of Psychology, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA Michelle Billies Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA Michael Billig Department of Social Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK Lisa Blackman Department of Media and Communications Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, UK Federico Bonazza Department of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Jordi Bonet Martı´ Escuela de Psicologı´a, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica de Valparaı´so, Vin˜a del Mar, Chile Contributors xliii

Carrie Bourassa Department of Indigenous Education, Health and Social Work, First Nations University of Canada, Regina, SK, Canada Yann Moulier Boutang Universite´ Technologique de Compie`gne, Compie`gne, France Ben Bradley School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia Kea S. Brahms Department of Psychology, Universit€at Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany Virginia Braun School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand Alexander John Bridger Division of Psychology and Counselling, Univer- sity of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK Svend Brinkmann Department of Communication & Psychology, Univer- sity of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark Adrian C. Brock School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Jens Brockmeier Department of Psychology, The American University of Paris, Paris, France Allan Brownrigg Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK Markus Brunner Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria Heather E. Bullock Department of Psychology, University of California – Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Erica Burman Manchester Institute of Education, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Dane Burns University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Vivien Burr School of Human and Health Sciences, Institute for Research in Citizenship and Applied Human Sciences, Huddersfield, UK Daniel Burston Department of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Mark Burton Research Institute for Health and Social Change, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK Peter Busch-Jensen Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark Trevor Butt Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK Jane Callaghan Department of Psychology, University of Northampton (Park Campus), Northampton, UK xliv Contributors

Carlos Go´mez Camarena Literature Department, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico/Red Analı´tica Lacaniana, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

Lucie Cantin Groupe Interdisciplinaire Freudien de Recherche et d’Intervention Clinique et Culturelle, GIFRIC, Que´bec, Canada

Candace Cantrell Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

Rose Capdevila Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

Lori Caplan Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Rachel Caplan Community Psychology Program, Wilfrid Laurier Univer- sity, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Erik Carlquist Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Netta Chachamu School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK

Pradeep Chakkarath University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Kerry P. Chamberlain Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Christopher A. D. Charles University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

Scott D. Churchill Department of Psychology, University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA

Lise Bird Claiborne Human Development and Counselling Department; Center for Postgraduate Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Victoria Clarke Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

Kirstyn Cline Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA

Guillaume Collett European Culture and Languages, University of Kent, Kent, UK

Anthony Collins Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

Francesco Paolo Colucci Department of Psychology, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Matthew Costello Department of Psychology, Indianna University South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA Contributors xlv

John Cromby Psychology, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

Kathleen M. Cumiskey Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA

Susan Eckerle Curwood Community Support and Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada

Manolis Dafermos Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece

Alessandra Dal Secco Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, London Metropolitan University, UK

Lindsey Sank Davis Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY, New York, NY, USA

Martin Dege Department of Sociology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Chante De Loach Department of Clinical Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA

Daniel J. Denis Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA

Florence L. Denmark Pace University, New York, NY, USA

Jan De Vos Centre for Critical Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Jeannette Diaz Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA

Livia Dittmer Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada

John Dixon Department of Psychology, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

Carolina Dominguez Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA

Ngaire Donaghue School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia

Harold Dorton Social Science, Department of Sociology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA

John Drury School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

Todd DuBose The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA

Paul Duckett Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia xlvi Contributors

Christian Dunker Instituto de Psicologia da USP, Cidade Universita´ria, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil

Kevin Durrheim School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa

Robbie Duschinsky School of Health, Community and Education Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK

Anjali Dutt Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Christopher Ebbe American Academy of Clinical Psychology, San Antonio, TX, USA

Susan Eckerle Curwood Community Support and Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada

Jaklin Eliott Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Darren Ellis School of Law and Social Sciences, University of East London, London, UK

Park Eri Department of Social Science, University College Roosevelt, AB Middelburg, The Netherlands

Moises Esteban-Guitart Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain

Scot Evans Department of Education and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA

Rachel Joffe Falmagne Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA

Sayyed Mohsen Fatemi Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Robert Faux Department of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Carol Feiss Counseling Psychology, Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA

Karl Figlio Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Essex, Essex, UK

Michelle Fine Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

Amy Fisher-Smith Department of Psychology, University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA

Blaine J. Fowers Department of Educational Psychology and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Contributors xlvii

Dennis Fox Department of Legal Studies (retired), University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, USA Jamie Franco-Zamudio Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Roger Frie Educational Psychology and Human Development, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada Harris Friedman Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Stephen Frosh Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK David Fryer Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Lenasia, South Africa School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK Valerie A. Futch Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Fengqing Gao Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China Zhipeng Gao Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Nicola Gavey School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Eugenie Georgaca School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Kenneth Gergen Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA Jen Jack Gieseking Environmental Psychology Program, The Graduate Center of the University of New York, New York, NY, USA Massimo Giliberto School of Constructivist Psychotherapy, Institute of Constructivist Psychology, Padova, Italy Carol J. Gill Department of Disability and Human Development, Univer- sity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Anna Girardi Department of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Angelika Gless Lebensmut, Berlin, Germany Jason Goertzen Department of Social Sciences, University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, Camrose, AB, Canada xlviii Contributors

Victoria Gonzalez Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Joshua Goodbaum Department of Social Work, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada David Goodman Psychology and Applied Therapies, Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Hospital, Lesley University, Cambridge, MA, USA Simon Goodman Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry Univer- sity, Coventry, UK Brendan Gough School of Social, Psychological & Communication Sciences, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK Shelly Grabe Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Leeat Granek Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Shiloh Groot Department of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Rose Grose Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Frank Gruba-McCallister Clinical Psychology Program, Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA Aydan Gulerce Department of Educational Sciences, Institute of Social Sciences, Bogazic¸i University, Istanbul, Turkey Mario Orozco Guzman Universidad Michoacana de San Nicola´sde Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoaca´n, Mexico Raquel S. L. Guzzo Po´s-graduac¸a˜o em Psicologia, Pontifı´cia Universidade Cato´lica de Campinas, Centro de Cieˆncias da Vida, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Shelley Haley Classics and Africana Studies Department, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, USA Michael Hanchett Hanson Human Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA David Harper School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK Oliver Harrison School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK Glenn Hartelius Sofia University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Karen Henwood Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK Hubert Hermans International Institute for the Dialogical Self, Milsbeek, CA, The Netherlands Contributors xlix

Edwin Hersch Psychiatrist in Private Practice, Toronto, ON, Canada Carolyn Hibbs Department of Humanities, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Kristine Hirschkorn Ontario Health Human Resources Research Network, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Darrin Hodgetts School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Charlotte Hojholt Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark

Wendy Hollway Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

Lois Holzman East Side Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA Caroline Howarth Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics, London, UK Lorenz Huck Independent Scholar, Berlin, Germany Steven Huett Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA Yasuhiro Igarashi General Department of Aesthetics, Yamano College of Aesthetics, Tokyo, Japan Luis Gregorio Iglesias Sahagu´n Facultad de Psicologı´a Universidad Auto´noma de Quere´taro, Me´xico Tomoaki D. Imamichi City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Gazi Islam Grenoble Ecole de Management and Insper Institute for Educa- tion and Research, Grenoble, France

Laura Janowitch Center for Professional Psychology, The George Wash- ington University, Washington, DC, USA

Katherine Johnson School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK

Raya A. Jones School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Jay Joseph Licensed Psychologist, Berkeley, CA, USA Gordana Jovanovic Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Mathis Kaiser Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Aysel Kayaoglu School of Communications, Anadolu University, Eskis¸ehir, Turkey l Contributors

Shannon D. Kelly Department of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Nick Kerman Community Support and Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Laura K. Kerr Mental Health Scholar and Psychotherapist, San Francisco, CA, USA Nikita A. Kharlamov Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø, Denmark Vivia Kay Kieswetter Ethnomusicologist and Vocal Coach, Toronto, ON, Canada Susan Kippax Social Policy Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Jette Kofoed Department of Education, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Danielle Kohfeldt Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Julia Ko¨nig Department of Education, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M., Germany Michalis Kontopodis Department of Research and Theory in Education, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Anastasia Korosteliov Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Dorte Kousholt Department of Education, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark Kristine Kousholt Department of Education-Learning, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Michael Kral Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA Kasper Kristensen Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark David Kritt Department of Education, College of Staten Island/CUNY, Staten Island, NY, USA Robert Kugelmann Department of Psychology, University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA Jeffrey R. Lacasse College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Fernando Lacerda Jr. Faculty of Education, Federal University of Goia´s, Goiaˆnia, GO, Brazil Contributors li

Michelle N. Lafrance Department of Psychology, St. Thomas University, Fredericton, Canada James Lamiell Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Moshe Landsman Kaye Teachers College, Beer-Sheva, Israel Darren Langdridge Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Ines Langemeyer Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Education, Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen,€ Tubingen,€ Germany Paul Larson The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA Lynne Bonnie Layton Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Lisa Lazard Department of Psychology, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK Helen Lee Faculty of Health Sciences, Psychology, Staffordshire Univer- sity, Stoke-on-Trent, UK Brenda A. LeFranc¸ois School of Social Work, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada Jonathan Leo Division of Health Sciences, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA Barri Leslie Private Practice, Relationship Coach, Auckland, New Zealand Wendy Li Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Rachel Liebert Graduate Center, Critical Social-Personality Psychology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Jennie Lightweis-Goff English & Gender and Sexuality Studies, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA Wendy Limbert Wendy Limbert Consulting, Havelock, NC, USA Wen Liu Social Psychology Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Andy Lock Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Abigail Locke School of Human and Health Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK Jan Lohl Sigmund Freud Institute, Frankfurt a.M., Germany Colleen Loomis Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada lii Contributors

Bernice Lott University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA Vanessa Lux Center for Literary and Cultural Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany Jenna MacKay Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada Catriona Macleod Critial Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction Research Programme, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa Timothy Macleod Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Ole Jacob Madsen Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway Eva Magnusson Department of Psychology, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden Wolfgang Maiers Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Applied Sciences at Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal, Germany Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Kathleen Malley-Morrison Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Kareen R. Malone Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA AF, Apre`s Coup, New York, NY, USA Jeanne Marecek Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA Morus Markard Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Giuseppina Marsico Department of Human, Philosophic, and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy Holloway N. Marston Counseling Psychology, Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA Jack Martin Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Susana Martinez Department of Psychology, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio, TX, USA Antar Martı´nez-Guzma´n Department of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico Athanasios Marvakis Department of Primary Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Contributors liii

Michael Mascolo Department of Psychology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA

Jean McAvoy Department of Psychology, The Open University, Bucking- hamshire, UK

Sara I. McClelland Departments of Psychology and Women’s Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Todd McGowan Film Studies, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

Robert McInerney Psychology, Department of Humanities and Human Science, Point Park University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Suzanne McKenzie-Mohr School of Social Work, St. Thomas University, Fredericton, Canada

Kenneth McLaughlin Department of Social Work and Social Change, Manchester Metropolitan University, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Didsbury, Manchester, UK

Paul Mecheril Center for Migration, Education and Cultural Studies, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

Maria Medved Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Mihalis Mentinis Interdisciplinary Centre of Intercultural and Indigenous Studies-ICIIS, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Jurgen€ Messing Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Science and GFP Social Pedagogy and Medical Nurses School, Berlin, Germany

Romanelli Michele Department of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Jennifer S. Mills Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Dolores S. Miranda-Gierbolini Department of Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, USA

Geraldine Moane School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

Fathali Moghaddam Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

Lorenzo Montali Department of Psychology, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Maritza Montero Department of Psychology, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela liv Contributors

Jill Morawski Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA Elizabeth Morgan Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Spring- field, MA, USA Mandy Morgan School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Pauline Mottram Research Institute for Health and Social Change, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK Johanna Motzkau Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Ilana Mountian Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Felix Munger Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Carolina Mun˜oz Proto The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA Michael Murray School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, Stafford- shire, UK Kevin L. Nadal Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY, New York, NY, USA Majia Holmer Nadesan Division of Social and Behavioural Studies Arizona State University West Campus, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA Marjan Nadim Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway Sanjay Nath Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, Widener Univer- sity, Chester, PA, USA Geoff Nelson Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Toronto, ON, Canada Jim Nelson Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA Akemi Nishida Department of Critical Social Psychology, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Augustine Nwoye School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Kieran C. O’Doherty Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Susan Opotow Department of Sociology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Contributors lv

Lisa Osbeck Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA Jorge Mario Flores Osorio School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Ute Osterkamp Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Matthew Palmer Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Michele A. Paludi School of Management, Union Graduate College, Schenectady, NY, USA S. Mark Pancer Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Anand Paranjpe Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Ian Parker School of Management, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Juan Pascual-Leone Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada David Pavo´n-Cue´llar Universidad Michoacana de San Nicola´s de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoaca´n, Mexico Monica Payne Human Development and Counselling, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Ingrid G. Pechenkov Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Bodil Pedersen Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde Universitet, Roskilde, Denmark Elizabeth Peel Institute of Health & Society, The University of Worcester, Worcester, UK Chalisse Peltier Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Debra Pepler Faculty of Health, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Krystal Perkins Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA Michael Pettit Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Joshua Phelps Norwegian Police University College, Oslo, Norway Wade Pickren Center for Faculty Excellence, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA lvi Contributors

Isaac Prilleltensky School of Education, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Hernan Camilo Pulido-Martinez Facultad de Psicologı´a, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia Jeannet Quiroz School of Psychology, UMSNH, Morelia, Mexico Esther Rapoport Private Practice, Reidman College, Tel Aviv, Israel Carl Ratner Institute for Cultural Research and Education, Trinidad, CA, USA Stephanie M. Reich School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Katrin Reimer Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal David Rennie Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Harmony A. Reppond Department of Psychology, University of California – Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Bryan Reuther Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA Jill Reynolds Faculty of Health & Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Frank Richardson Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Jeremy Ridenour Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, MA, USA Manuel Riemer Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada Damien W. Riggs Social Work and Social Planning, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia Carlos Rivera-Santana Department of Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, USA Tone Roald Institut for Psykologi, København Universitet, København, Denmark Nicola´s Robles Lo´pez Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Poul Rohleder Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK Kaley M. Roosen Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Contributors lvii

Wolff-Michael Roth Applied Cognitive Science, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Ariel D. Roy Cultural Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA Nora Ruck Faculty of Psychology, Department of Psychological Basic Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Paul Sebastian Ruppel Faculty of Social Science, Social Psychology and Social Anthropology, Ruhr-Universit€at Bochum and Institute for Qualitative Research, Berlin, Germany Richard Ruth Center for Professional Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA Alexandra Rutherford Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Luis Gregorio Iglesias Sahagun Universidad Auto´noma de Quere´taro, Me´xico Universidad de Oviedo, EspaA˜ a Barbod Salimi Graduate School of Psychology, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA, USA Gordon Sammut Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta William Sanchez Department of Counselling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA Daniel Sanin Clinical Psychologist and Drug Prevention Professional, Vienna, Austria Carlos Rivera Santana School of Psychology McElwain Building, The University of Queensland St, Lucia, QLD, Australia Janet Sayers School of Psychology, University of Kent, Kent, UK Ernst Schraube Department of Psychology and Educational Studies, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark Gilda Sensales Department of Psychology of Development and Socializa- tion Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Kate Sheese Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Ron Sheese Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Raha Sheivari Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Aislinn Shevlin Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA lviii Contributors

Kazushige Shingu Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Ralph Sichler University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria

Reena Sirohi Community Support and Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada

Kathleen Slaney Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Brent D. Slife Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA

Nathan M. Slife Department of Educational Psychology and Higher Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA

Tod Sloan Graduate School of Education and Counseling, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA

Thomas Slunecko Faculty of Psychology, Department of Psychological Basic Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Bruce Small Department of Adult Education and Counselling Psychology, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, ON, Canada

Laurence D. Smith Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

William Smythe Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada

Mark Solovey Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Christopher Sonn College of Arts, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Henderikus J. Stam Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

Steven Stanley School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

Paul Stenner Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

Garth Stevens Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa

Eric Stewart Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA

Ottilie Stolte School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Contributors lix

Brett Stoudt John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Jeff Sugarman Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Charles R. Sullivan Department of History, University of Dallas, Irving, TX, USA Gavin Sullivan School of Social, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK Louise Sundararajan Private Practice, Rochester, NY, USA Patrick Sweeney Social and Personality Psychology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA Luca Tateo Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Stephanie Taylor Department of Psychology, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Nathan Tenhundfeld Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Thomas Teo Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Erin Thrift Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Irmgard Tischner Institute of Health & Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK Deborah L. Tolman Hunter College School of Social Work and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Randal G. Tonks Department of Psychology, Camosun College, Victoria, Canada Aaro Toomela Institute of Psychology, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia Marı´a Elena Torre Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Rachel Treloar Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Abram Trosky Department of Political Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Shirley V. Truong Department of Psychology, University of California – Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Ross Truscott University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa lx Contributors

Eleftheria Tseliou Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

Stavroula Tsirogianni London School of Economics, Methodology Institute, London, UK

Ian Tucker School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK

Pratyusha Tummala-Narra Lynch School of Education Counseling, Devel- opmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA

Gian Piero Turchi Department of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Debora Upegui-Hernandez Psychology Department, University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Jane Ussher University of Western Sydney, Centre for Health Research, Penrith, NSW, Australia

Stijn Vanheule Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Stephen Vassallo School of Education, Teaching and Health, American University, Washington, DC, USA

Astride Velho Frankfurt Research Center for Postcolonial Studies, Goethe University, Frankfurt a. M., Germany

Marga Vicedo Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Zbynek Vybiral Fakulta socia´lnı´ch Studii, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Valerie Walkerdine Cardiff University, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK

Richard T. G. Walsh Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada

Bo Wang Department of Philosophy, School of Humanities, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China

Dennis C. Wendt Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Anke Werani Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Martin Wieser Department of History, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Bradford Wiggins Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University- Idaho, Rexburg, ID, USA Contributors lxi

Shaun Wiley Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA Christopher Williams Criminal Justice Studies, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, USA Deborah Williams Pace University, New York, NY, USA Wendy R. Williams Department of Psychology,BereaCollege,Berea, KY, USA Wendi Williford Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Caroline Wilson Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Andrew S. Winston Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Sebastian Winter University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Yunpeng Wu School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China Anton Yasnitsky Independent Researcher, Toronto, ON, Canada Scott Yates Faculty of Health and Life Science, De Montfort University Leicester, Leicester, UK Jeffery Yen Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Shena Young Department of Clinical Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA Megan Zeringue Social Science, Department of Psychology, Spring Hill College, Mobile, AL, USA Michael Zhang Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA