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The Global STEM School Botany Coursebook Student Edition Acta Non Verba www.dexterschool.org The Plant World What is Botany? Botany is the scientific study of plants! Why does Botany matter? Look outside, what do you see? Plants! We live in a plant world called Earth. From the air you breathe to the food you eat - plants make your life possible! By better understanding how plants work we can improve our lives. Imagine... Look outside and imagine all of the plants suddenly disappeared. Write a few sentences or draw a picture below about why this would be a bad thing. Botany The Plant World What is a plant? A plant is a living organism that grows in the ground, usually has leaves or flowers, and needs sun and water to survive. They come in all shapes and sizes, but most plants contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. Circle the ones you think are plants: Botany The Plant World Not a Plant Plants usually have flowers or leaves, need sun and water to survive, and most have chlorophyll. There are a several organisms you might think are plants, but aren’t! Corals Colorals are underwater animals with a hard exterior skeletal structure. They do not make their own food - instead they capture food and eat it through tiny mouths! Algae Although green, algae do not have roots, stems, and leaves. They’re considered bacteria, not plants and can only live in water. Fungi Fungi (mushrooms) have a way of getting food that’s completely different than plants. In fact, they’re more closely related to animals than to plants! Botany The Plant World Plant vs Not a Plant Activity Go outside or look through the window and draw three examples of plants vs non-plants. Label your drawings! Plant Non-Plant Botany The Plant World What is Chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is a chemical that gives plants their green color and allows the plant to use the energy from sunlight through a process called photosynthesis. https://skfb.ly/6RBxW Use a smartphone camera to view a 3D diagram of chlorophyll. The molecule is made of magnesium (green), nitrogen (blue), oxygen(red), hydrogen (gray), and carbon (black). In the table below, count how many of each element is in chlorophyll. Element Count Carbon (black) Hydrogen (grey) Magnesium (green) Nitrogen (blue) Oxygen (red) Botany The Plant World Chemical Formulas Chemical formulas are expressions that shows the elements in a chemical compound or molecule. For example, H2O. This expression represents a water molecule which is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom! C55H72MgN4O5 This is the chemical formula for chlorophyll. The small numbers indicate how many atoms of each element are present in chlorophyll. Look back at your table and see if you were able to count the right number of each element. Element Abbreviation Carbon C Hydrogen H Magnesium Mg Nitrogen N Oxygen O Rewrite the chemical formula for chlorophyll: Botany The Plant World Why are most plants green? Almost all plants contain chlorophyll and it’s this chlorophyll that is responsible for the green appearance of plants! The plant is filled with chlorophyll that absorbs the blue and red wavelengths, but reflects the green light. Rabbit Hole Warning: It’s not exactly that plants are green, but that’s how we perceive them because green is the wavelength of light that plants don’t absorb. Botany The Plant World What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the chemical process that plants use to make food out of sunlight. Remember our old friend chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is what helps the plant absorb the sunlight. Plants take in water and carbon dioxide and use energy from the sun to turn them into food (a sugar called glucose). During the process, water is turned into oxygen and released into the air. As a result, plants produce oxygen that we all breathe! Botany The Plant World History of Photosynthesis Essay Photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenhousz in the late 1700’s after earlier experiments rejected ancient ideas about plant growth. Write at least four sentences below that answers the following: When and where was he born? What was his profession? How did he discover photosynthesis? What other important historical events took place while he was alive? Botany The Plant World What makes up a Plant? Plants are made up of six basic parts; roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Roots Roots anchor the plants into the soil and absorb nutrients and water. Stems Stems support the upper part of the plant and act as a transport system for nutrients, water, sugar, and starches. Leaves Leaves are the parts of the plant where photosynthesis usually occurs - where food for the plant is made. Flowers Flowers are the reproductive part of the plants. Most flowers have four main parts: petals, stamen, pistil, and sepals. Fruits Fruits are the fleshy substances that surround seeds. They protect the seeds and attract animals to eat them to help with seed dispersal. Seeds Seeds contain plant material that can develop into another plant. This material is called an embryo. Seeds are covered with a protective seed coat called a cotyledon which also provides food for the baby plant. Botany The Plant World Plant Parts Review Plants are made up of six basic parts; roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Rewrite the definitions of the plant parts below: Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Fruits Seeds Botany The Plant World What makes up a Plant? Remember that plants are made up of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Check out this tomato plant! Botany The Plant World Plant Labeling Label the tomato plant correctly: Botany .
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    Do Leaves Need Chlorophyll for Growth?

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  • Botany Botany

    Botany Botany

    bottany_dan 2/16/06 2:54 PM Page 13 The NYC Department of Parks & Recreation presents ™ urban park rangers • education program BBOOTTAANNYY Plant Power nce standards accept academic performa ed s meet ogram City Department of Education, including: pr w York ese e Ne A th th Map Reading and Making • Critical Thinking • Plant Identification ct in by ivit ns d Researching and Writing a Field Guide • Graphing • Site Evaluation ies and lesso use and Creating a Timeline • Data Gathering • Natural Science • Measuring Calculating • Social Science • History • Art City of New York City of New York The New York City Parks & Recreation Parks & Recreation Department of Education Urban Park Rangers bottany_dan 2/16/06 2:54 PM Page 2 11 WWhhaatt iiss tthhee NNaattuurraall CCllaassssrroooomm?? The Natural Classroom is a series of educational programs developed by the Urban Park Rangers to immerse students in the living laboratory of the natural world. These programs combine standards-based education with hands-on field lessons taught by Urban Park Rangers. Based on natural and cultural topics that are visibly brought to life in our parks, The Natural Classroom is designed to stimulate, motivate and inspire your students to apply their developing skills in English, Math, Science and History to real-life critical thinking challenges. The activities in Botany: Plant Power! focus on the following skills: • Creating and Reading Graphs, Measuring, and Making Calculations • Exploring Living Science Concepts by creating Field Guides, and Gathering Data in the field Writing and Drawing How to Use This Natural Classroom Program Guide Find Your Level: Level One = Grades K-2 Prepare for Adventure: Review the park visit descrip- Level Two = Grades 2-6 tion a few days before the trip so you will be aware of the Level Three = Grades 6-8 day’s anticipated activities.
  • The Origin of Alternation of Generations in Land Plants

    The Origin of Alternation of Generations in Land Plants

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  • Cell Wall Ribosomes Nucleus Chloroplast Cytoplasm

    Cell Wall Ribosomes Nucleus Chloroplast Cytoplasm

    Cell Wall Ribosomes Nucleus Nickname: Protector Nickname: Protein Maker Nickname: Brain The cell wall is the outer covering of a Plant cell. It is Ribosomes read the recipe from the The nucleus is the largest organelle in a cell. The a strong and stiff and made of DNA and use this recipe to make nucleus directs all activity in the cell. It also controls cellulose. It supports and protects the plant cell by proteins. The nucleus tells the the growth and reproduction of the cell. holding it upright. It ribosomes which proteins to make. In humans, the nucleus contains 46 chromosomes allows water, oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass in out They are found in both plant and which are the instructions for all the activities in your of plant cell. animal cells. In a cell they can be found cell and body. floating around in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Chloroplast Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Nickname: Oven Nickname: Gel Nickname: Highway Chloroplasts are oval structures that that contain a green Cytoplasm is the gel like fluid inside a The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the transportation pigment called chlorophyll. This allows plants to make cell. The organelles are floating around in center for the cell. The ER is like the conveyor belt, you their own food through the process of photosynthesis. this fluid. would see at a supermarket, except instead of moving your groceries it moves proteins from one part of the cell Chloroplasts are necessary for photosynthesis, the food to another. The Endoplasmic Reticulum looks like a making process, to occur.
  • The Classification of Plants, Viii

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  • A Comedy of Scientific Errors BOVINES

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  • Chlorophyll Fluorescence As a Tool in Plant Physiology

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  • Development of Preservice Biology Teachers‟ Skills in the Causal Process Concerning Photosynthesis

    Development of Preservice Biology Teachers‟ Skills in the Causal Process Concerning Photosynthesis

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  • Chloroplasts Are the Food Producers of the Cell. the Organelles Are Only Found in Plant Cells and Some Protists Such As Algae

    Chloroplasts Are the Food Producers of the Cell. the Organelles Are Only Found in Plant Cells and Some Protists Such As Algae

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  • Third Grade Science PLANTS

    Third Grade Science PLANTS

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  • Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Pigments Enable Mammalian Mitochondria To

    Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Pigments Enable Mammalian Mitochondria To

    ß 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2014) 127, 388–399 doi:10.1242/jcs.134262 RESEARCH ARTICLE Light-harvesting chlorophyll pigments enable mammalian mitochondria to capture photonic energy and produce ATP Chen Xu, Junhua Zhang, Doina M. Mihai and Ilyas Washington* ABSTRACT concentrations, and extends the median life span of Caenorhabditis elegans, upon light exposure; supporting the Sunlight is the most abundant energy source on this planet. However, hypothesis that photonic energy capture through dietary-derived the ability to convert sunlight into biological energy in the form of metabolites may be an important means of energy regulation in adenosine-59-triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be limited to animals. The presented data are consistent with the hypothesis chlorophyll-containing chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. that metabolites of dietary chlorophyll modulate mitochondrial Here we show that mammalian mitochondria can also capture light ATP stores by catalyzing the reduction of coenzyme Q. These and synthesize ATP when mixed with a light-capturing metabolite of findings have implications for our understanding of aging, normal chlorophyll. The same metabolite fed to the worm Caenorhabditis cell function and life on earth. elegans leads to increase in ATP synthesis upon light exposure, along with an increase in life span. We further demonstrate the same RESULTS potential to convert light into energy exists in mammals, as Light-driven ATP synthesis in isolated mammalian mitochondria chlorophyll metabolites accumulate in mice, rats and swine when To demonstrate that dietary chlorophyll metabolites can modulate fed a chlorophyll-rich diet. Results suggest chlorophyll type ATP levels, we examined the effects of the chlorophyll molecules modulate mitochondrial ATP by catalyzing the reduction metabolite pyropheophorbide-a (P-a) on ATP synthesis in of coenzyme Q, a slow step in mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
  • Discovery of Photosynthesis Jan Ingenhousz Experiment John

    Discovery of Photosynthesis Jan Ingenhousz Experiment John

    Cause / Effect TM This… Caused… Led To… Box-frame . Makes Sense Strategies © 2007 Edwin Ellis, All Rights© 2007 Reserved Edwin Published Ellis, byAll Makes Rights Sense Reserved Strategies, LLC, www.MakesSenseStrategies.com Lillian, AL www.MakesSenseStrategies.com MENU sample Name: Date: Discovery of Photosynthesis Is about … how the experiments of Van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform C2O and H2O into carbohydrates and release O2. This Caused the… Which led to … Van Helmont John Priestly Jan Ingenhousz experiment experiment experiment · Led to the discovery of the · Led to the discovery of the · Led to the discovery that “hydrate,” or water portion of oxygen portion of the plants need light to produce the carbohydrate produced photosynthesis equation oxygen by photosynthesis · Placed a lit candle inside a jar, · Performed Priestly’s · Created and experiment to it burned out. Then, he place a experiment and discovered find out if plants grew by mint leaf inside the jar and that the candle only remained taking material out of the soil the candle remained lit lighted in the presence of – massed dry soil and a small because of the production of light seed, after five years the oxygen by the leaf mass of the soil was the sameèconcluded that the mass of the plant gained came from the water, did not realize air changed it too So what? What is important to understand about this? Photosynthesis is a series of reactions that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen .