Petrecătura : (Pesma Za Ispraćaj Pokojnika) U Vlaha Ungurjana

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Petrecătura : (Pesma Za Ispraćaj Pokojnika) U Vlaha Ungurjana 6ODYROMXE*DFRYLü 3HWUHFWXUD (SHVPD]DLVSUDüDMSRNRMQLND u Vlaha Ungurjana ,]GDYDþ 0DWLþQDELEOLRWHND³6YHWR]DU0DUNRYLü´=DMHþDU =DL]GDYDþD %RULYRMHRUÿHYLü Recenzenti GU%LOMDQD6LNLPLü SURIGU$OHNVDQGDU-RYDQRYLü SURIGU'UDJRVODY'HYLü 0HORJUDILMDLNRPHQWDUPX]LþNLKSULPHUD PU6DQMD5DGLQRYLü Lektori i korektori -RYDQ3HMNLüSURIVUSVNRJMH]LND 5DWRPLU0DUNRYLüSURIUXPXQVNRJMH]LND Korice 6ODYROMXE*DFRYLü Kompjuterska priprema 6ODYROMXE*DFRYLü Notografija mr Ivana PerkovLü Štampa Štamparija “Kairos” =DMHþDU 7LUDå 400 primeraka 10 KeZ\hm[=Zph\b 6ODYROMXE*DFRYLü 3HWUHFWXUD (SHVPD]DLVSUDüDMSRNRMQLND u Vlaha Ungurjana =DMHþDU 2000. KeZ\hm[=Zph\b 11 6YRMLPND]LYDþLPD 12 KeZ\hm[=Zph\b ZAHVALE Da svoj naum ostvDULP ]DGXåLOL VX PH VYRMRP QHVHELþQRP L VYDNRYUVQRP SRPRüL UHFHQ]HQWL GU %LOMDQD 6LNLPLü SURI GU $OHNVDQGDU -RYDQRYLü L SURI GU 'UDJRVODY 'HYLü NRMLPD VH RYRP prilikom najtoplije zahvaljujem. 3RVHEQRVXPH]DGXåLOLVYRMLPVDYHWLPDDNDGHPLNSURIGU3HWru 1HLHVFXGU/MXELãD5DMNRYLüSURIGU1LNROD)3DYNRYLüPU6DQMD 5DGLQRYLüSURIGU2OLYHUD9DVLü'HMDQ.UVWLüLGU ,]UDåDYDPQDMWRSOLMX]DKYDOQRVWEOLVNLPVDUDGQLFLPDQDWHUHQXL SULMDWHOMLPD-RYDQX3HMNLüXGU0LOLYRMX6WDQJDþLORYLüX}el Bobu Lu, 5DWRPLUX0DUNRüXXUL9DVLOMHYLüX'UDJDQX6WRMDQMHORYLüX0DULML 0LORMNRYLü'UDJRPLUX'UDJLüX9LüL0LWURYLüX'UDJL'LPLWULMHYLüX 6ODYLãL1LNROLüX6LQLãL)ORUDQRYLüXLGU =DKYDOQRVWGXJXMHPXLPHPQRJLKNRMLüHVHNRULVWLWLVWLKRYLPD SHWUHFWXU-a svojim SHYLFDPD äLYNL 9RMNLü 1DWDOLML äLYNRYLü 9LNWRULQL -RYDQRYLü 9RMLVODYL 0LKDMORYLü 6LGL 9RMLQRYLü 6DGLQNL $GDPRYLü 'UDJLFL 0DULQNRYLü $QNL 0LNãLü -HYL %RJGDQRYLü /MXELQNL6ROGDWRYLü-HOL7RPLü/MXELFL6ROGDWRYLü.DWDULQLäXUNLü Milevi âNRSUGLü1LNROLML1LNROLü-DQL-DQNRYLü'UDJLQL1RYDNRYLü 'DULQNL RUÿHYLü 1DGHåGL 3DXOLü 'HVDQNL *UXMLü -RYDQL -RYLü -HOLVDYHWL'HOLü6DYLFL5DGXOMHVNRYLü'XãLFL%DþLORYLü5XåLäXUNLü 'HVDQNL 0DWHMLü 5DGPLOL 3OHãLü 'DQLFL 7RGRURYLü 0LOHYL FUIDODQRYLü 5DGL -DQNRYLü -RYDQNL /D]DUHYLü =RULFL 3HWUDãNRYLü -RYDQNL .RYDþHYLü ,OLQNL 0DUWLQRYLü =DJRUNL HVSDQRYLü 6ODYL .DOLQRYLü.ULVWLQL1LNROLü0LURVODYL3HWURYLü.DWLFL7UXMLü'DQLFL 6LPRQRYLü =DJRUNL ,OLü =DJRUNL RUÿHYLü 9LGL 6LPLü Persi 6LPRQRYLü1DWDOLML0LKDMORYLü.DWDULQL-DQNRYLü0DULFL$GDPRYLü äLYNL 7UDLORYLü 6XOWDQL 9LGXMHYLü %RVL .RQþDWRYLü 0DULML 9ODGXORYLü 5DGLFL ûRYUWDQRYLü 6ODYNL 7RGRURYLü L 0LURVODYL 5RPDQRYLü NDR L PQRJLP ND]LYDþLPD NRMH QLVDP QDYHR LPHQRP L prezimenom. 0DWLþQRM ELEOLRWHFL ³6YHWR]DU 0DUNRYLü´ X =DMHþDUX NDR L]GDYDþX D SUH VYHJD GLUHNWRUX %RULYRMX RUÿHYLüX ]D XND]DQR SRYHUHQMH VYLP GRQDWRULPD GU 0LOLYRMX 6WDQJDþLORYLüX *UDGLVODYX KeZ\hm[=Zph\b 13 1RYDNRYLüX *RUDQX RUÿHYLüX ,YDQX 0DYURYLüX 'UDJDQX ýRERWRYLüX0LRGUDJX1MDJRMHYLüXi pretplatnicima koji su pomogli u izdavanju ove knjige dugujem iskrenu zahvalnost. Mom prvom saradniku, supruzi Darinki, zahvaljujem za QHVHELþQRUD]XPHYDQMHVWUSOMLYRVWLVYDNRYUVQXSRGUãNXGDLVWUDMHPX ]DSRþHWRPSRVOX U ZDMHþDUX 1D GDQ 6Y YHOLNRPXþHQLND 7HRGRUD 7LURQD Autor 1DNRULFDPD-RYDQND*DFRYLü pored zavetnog stabla (hrast) na potezu DOXYLORUu ataru sela Halova. 14 KeZ\hm[=Zph\b 23(75(&785-I 5HþSHWUFWXUD PRåHVHþXWLQDSURVWRUXVHYHURLVWRþQH6UELMHWDþQLMH na prostoru od Morave na zapadu do Timoka na istoku i od Dunava na VHYHUXGRQHãWRMXåQLMHRG5WQMDLWRVDPRPHÿXW]Y9ODVLPD1 Ungurjanima, RGQRVQR PRåH VH þXWL QD SURVWRUX JGH VH JRYRUL UXPXQVNLP EDQDWVNLP dijalektoP 'RVORYQR RYD VH UHþ PRåH SUHYHVWL QD VUSVNL MH]LN NDR LVSUDüDMQLFD ãWR MH SDQGDQ VUSVNRM UHþL QSU NRUDþQLFD ili otpremnica, a u slobodnom prevodu to je SHVPD]DLVSUDüDM (pokojnika). 3RãWR MH UHþ R RVREHQRP L YHRPD ]QDþDMQRP IHQRPHQX XVPHQRJ stvaralaãWYD QDMSUH üHPR GDWL NODVLILNDFLMX VWLKRYQLK IRUPL NXOWD PUWYLK L SRVPUWQLKRELþDMDDSRWRPXND]DWLXãWRVDåHWLMHPRELPXQDXORJXL]QDþDM 1 Pridev vlaški i etnonim Vlah su sinonimi prideva rumunski i etnonima Rumun, a u VUSVNRPMH]LNXVHNRULVWH]DUXPXQVNRVWDQRYQLãWYRQDSURVWRUXVHYHURLVWRþQH6UELMHWDþQLMH QD SURVWRUX RLYLþHQRP 0RUDYRP VD ]DSDGQH VWUDQH 7LPRNRP VD LVWRþQH L 'XQDYRP VD severne, kao i linijom kojD LGH QHãWR MXåQLMH RG 5WQMD 1HNDGD VX *HUPDQL ]YDOL .HOWH odnosno Gale, imenom “Vlah” (Walch, odnosno Velsch – uporedi etnonim Volcae kod Tita Livija i Gaja Cezara, kao i etnonim "/C3, "Á#? kod Strabona, Ptolomeja i dr.). Kasnije su Germani, kao i Sloveni koji su ovaj etnonim preuzeli od njih, proširili ovaj termin i na romanske narode, Rumune i Italijane. Takvo gledište je izneo P. J. Šafarik (P. J. Šafarik, 6ORYDQVNH VWDURåLWQRVWL, I, 237), a kasnije su to prihvatili F. 0LNORãLþ ) 0LNORVLFK Etymologisches Wörterbuch der slavischen Sprachen, Wien, 1886.) L 6 1RYDNRYLü K Gh\Zdh\bG_dhebdZ l_`Z iblZZ kjikd_ bklhjb_=h^brZdGbdhe_QmibZ[j ;_h]jZ^-26), koji smatra da je ovaj etnonim na Balkanu postojao i pre dolaska Slovena, tj. da su Goti, ili neko drugo germansko pleme, tako zvali pastire Balkanskog SROXRVWUYD1DYHãüHPRQHNROLNRSULPHUDRYRJSULGHYDLHWQRQLPDNRGGUXJLKQDURGDVDLVWRP semantikom: starorus. <hehot (<hehkb), staroukrajin. <hehob “Rumun”, ukrajin. <heóo “Rumun” (Keh\gbd klZjhmdjZïgkvdhc fh\b XIV-XV kl Dbï\ lhf SROM :áRFK³,WDOLMDQ´ PQRå:áRV]\), staropolj. :áRFK\“Italija”, :áRVNL, :áRV]F]\]QD ali Woloch “Rumun” (A. Brückner, Slovnik etymologiczny j·zyka polskiego, Warszawa, 1957, 600-627), VWDURþHãVlach “Italijan”, Vlašskó “Italija”, Vlachy LGUYLVRNROXå:áRFK“Italijan”, 9áRFKL, :áyVND “Welschland” (upor. nem. Welsch “romanski, francuski, italijanski, inozemski, prekomorski”), starovisokonem. Walah, Walh, srednjevisokonem. Walch “kelt; pretstavnik romanskih naroda; stranac” (W. Streitberg, Urgermanische Grammatik, Heidelberg, 1943, s. 136) ili srednjevisokonem. Walache, Welscher “Italijan”, Wala’chin “Vlah, -inja”, Walachei “Vlaška”, Wales “Vels”, bug. <eáo PQRå<eàkb) “Rumun ili Arumun, Cincarin”, starobug. YODK¨ “Rumun” itd. (;te]Zjkdb_lbfheh]bq_gj_qgbdKhnbyk\III, 163-164), srp. Vla (Vlasi, Vlaji) “1. Latinus (glagoljski kalendar iz g. 1491. i glagoljski blagdanar 1506.), 2. Rumunj (Vukov pravi Vlah), 3. Talijan” (P. Skok, (WLPRORJLMVNL UMHþQLN KUYDWVNRJD LOL srpskoga jezika, JAZU, Zagreb, 1973, 606- QRYRJUþ93#+ “Vlah”, arum. YOKHDúWH “arumunski”, YOKpVFX “rumunski”, alban. Vlahinikë “Rumunija´ PDÿDU Olasz “Italijan; italijanski”, Olaszország “Italija”, tur. Äflak “Vlaška”, Kara Äflak “Moldavija”. KeZ\hm[=Zph\b 15 SHVPH]DLVSUDüDMSRNRMQLND- SHWUHFWXU-e - i obreda koji se tom prilikom RGYLMD 3UXåLüHPR SUHJOHG GRVDGDãQMLK YDåQLMLK LVWUDåLYDQMD L WXPDþHQMD X RNYLUX XVPHQRJ QDURGQRJ SHVQLãWYD L HWQRORãNLK SURXþDYDQMD 'DüHPR LVWRULMVNL SUHJOHG RUWRJUDILMH NRMRP MH EHOHåHQ GLMDOHNWRORãNL PDWHULMDO UXPXQVNLK JRYRUDQDSURVWRUXVHYHURLVWRþQH6UELMHNDRLVXPDUDQSUHJOHG melogUDIVNLK ]DSLVD YODãNRJ QDURGQRJ XVPHQRJ VWYDUDODãWYD ,]GYRMLüHPR motive koje nalazimo u stihovima SHWUHFWXU-eLXND]DüHPRQDQMLKRY]QDþDM X SURXþDYDQMX NRVPRJRQLMH 9ODKD VHYHURLVWRþQH 6UELMH 8 ]DYUãQRP GHOX SUHGJRYRUD ³2 SHWUHFWXU-L´ ELüH UHþL R RVQRYnim zamislima, postupcima, VYUKRYLWRVWL L FLOMHYLPD REMDYOMLYDQMD RYH YUVWH IRONORUQH JUDÿH NDR L R prevodima koje uz originale daje autor. I 6DJOHGDYDMXüLFHORNXSDQPDWHULMDOkoji smo imali naraspolaganju sa R]QDþHQRJSURVWRUDVDþLQLOLVPRVOHGHüXNlasifikaciju stihovnih formi koje se koriste u kultu mrtvih, u tzv. Vlaha Ungurjana i Carana, kako bismo u što EROMHPVYHWOXXND]DOLQDPHVWRXORJXL]QDþDMSHVPH]DLVSUDüDMSRNRMQLND 1. Ni “3ULþD*RVSRGQMDNRMDVHbajeþRYHNXQDVDPUWL´ povasta a lu 'XPH©X FDUH VÿHVFvQW OD RPX DO H H SH PRDUüH)2 ili “veliko odbrojavanje” (QXPUWXUD-mare), kao i obred koji se tom prilikom odvija kraj samrtnog odra 2.Zapevanje (naricanje) slobodne improvizovane formekoje je bilo od praiskona civilizacije do današnjih dana u svih naroda (od kavkaskih plemenapreko razvijenih kultura Bliskog istokai Balkana do Portugalijei RG EDOWLþNLK QDURGD na severu Evrope sve do predela VHYHUQRDIULþNRJ kontinentana jugu)SRGHOLOLVPRXþHWLULSRGVNXSLQH 2.1. Neposredno nakon upokojenja pokojnika ide tzv. “lelekanje za 3 pokojnikom” (VOOLH GXSD-l mort) NRMH L]YRGH åHQH L] EOLåH IDPLOLMH V 2KeZ\hm[=Zph\bIjbqZ=hkih^Z³AZa^jZ\_babklhjb_gZjh^g_f_^bpbg_ ba^jZ\kl\_g_dmelmj_´,9b9gZmqgbkdmiAZ_qZjbAZ_qZjklj 259-270. 3 /HOHNDQMH REDYOMDMX åHQH NRMH VX QHposredno pored samrtnika dok ispušta dušu i one NRMH RGPDK QHSRVUHGQR QDNRQ WRJD GROD]H NRG SRNRMQLND 7R VX RELþQR VWDULMH åHQH L] familije koje se prve i obaveštavaju o upokojenju srodnika. Lelekanje se izvodi u jednom veoma brzom ritmu sa pretpevnim rHIUHQRPRGþHWLULLOLãHVWVORJRYD lele, lele / lele þLMDMH IXQNFLMDGDRGUåDYDHPRWLYQLQDERMXWXåEDOLFL, sa melopoetskim tekstualnim improvizacijama XVLPHWULþQRPRVPHUFXLOLVHGPHUFXVDPHWULþNRPGXåLQRPRVPHUFD6WLKRYLXOHOHNDQMXVX QSUVOHGHüL: /O, OO, unÿHQDQWXüHGX, | /O, OO, SHQRRQX-aspus, | /O, OO, vQGUWVüH-QWRUHP, | LO, OO, OO, cu noWXVPWUHúü... (Lele, lele, gde nam, bato, ti 16 KeZ\hm[=Zph\b XYHN LVWRP ]DGDWRP PHORGLMRP NDGD X] OHOHNDQMH QDEUDMDMX ]QDþDMQLMH GRJDÿDMHL]åLYRWDSRNRMQLNDXNRMLPDVXLVDPHXþHVWYRYDOH XGDMDLåHQLGED XIDPLOLMLSRNRMQLND]LGDQMHNXüHSRMDWHLGU 2YDMVWDULQDþLQLVND]LYDQMD EROD GDQDV VH YHRPD UHWNR PRåH VUHVWL X VHOX =ORWX NRG %RUD LSDN MH MRã XYHNXVYRMRMSXQRMVYHåLQL 2.2. “Zapevanje (naricanje) za pokojnikom” (Scîntdupa-l mort) s melodijom i stihovima koje formira svaka naricaljka ponaosob u zavisnosti RGWRJDGDOLMHL]EOLåHLOLGDOMHIDPLOLMHGDOLMHPXãNRLOLåHQVNRGDOLMH PDMND RWDF VXSUXJ VLQ VQDMD NüHUND LWG Zapevanje (naricanje) mogu REDYOMDWL åHQH NRMH QH PRUDMX GD EXGX L] EOLåH IDPLOLMH NDR RQH NRMH ³OHOHþX´ 2.3. “Zapevanje (naricanje) nad odelom pokojnika nakon þHWUGHVHWRGQHYQRJSROXJRGLãQMHJLOLJRGLãQMHJSRPHQD´ cîntatu la oa¹ela patru©i¹i, OD MXPDWDüD ÿH DQ RU OD DQX ÿH ©î¹e) s uvek istom zadatom melodijom i improvizovanim stihovima 2.4. “Zapevanje (naricanje) na grobu kojim se pokojnik poziva da GRÿHQDGDüX SRPDQ) NRMDPXVHSULSUHPD]DQHGHOMXGDQD]DþHWUGHVHW
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