Verdict of Boston Massacre Trial
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Struggle Over Slavery in the Maritime Colonies Harvey Amani Whitfield
Document generated on 09/24/2021 6:22 p.m. Acadiensis The Struggle over Slavery in the Maritime Colonies Harvey Amani Whitfield Volume 41, Number 2, Summer/Autumn 2012 Article abstract This article closely examines the ways in which masters and slaves struggled to URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/acad41_2art02 define slavery in the Maritimes. Building on the work of previous scholars, special attention is given to the role that African-descended peoples played in See table of contents ending slavery with the help of local abolitionists and sympathetic judges. The end of slavery brought to the forefront a new and more virulent form of racism that circumscribed opportunities for free black communities in the region. Publisher(s) The Department of History at the University of New Brunswick ISSN 0044-5851 (print) 1712-7432 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Whitfield, H. A. (2012). The Struggle over Slavery in the Maritime Colonies. Acadiensis, 41(2), 17–44. All rights reserved © Department of History at the University of New This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit Brunswick, 2012 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ 00131-02 Whitfield Article_Layout 2012-10-30 8:16 PM Page 17 The Struggle over Slavery in the Maritime Colonies HARVEY AMANI WHITFIELD Cet article examine attentivement comment maîtres et esclaves s’affrontèrent pour définir l’esclavage dans les provinces Maritimes. -
The Cochran-Inglis Family of Halifax
ITOIBUoRA*r| j|orooiio»BH| iwAWMOTOIII THE COCHRAN-INGLIS FAMILY Gift Author MAY 22 mo To the Memory OF SIR JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT INGLIS, K.C. B. HERO OF LUCKNOW A Distinguished Nova Scotian WHO ARDENTLY LOVED HIS Native Land Press or J. R. Finduy, 111 Brunswick St., Halifax, n.6. THE COCHRAN-INGLIS FAMILY OF HALIFAX BY EATON, REV. ARTHUR WENTWORTH HAMILTON «« B. A. AUTHOB 07 •' THE CHUBCH OF ENGLAND IN NOVA SCOTIA AND THE TOET CLEBGT OF THE REVOLUTION." "THE NOVA SCOTIA BATONS,'" 1 "THE OLIVEBTOB HAHILTONS," "THE EI.MWOOD BATONS." THE HON. LT.-COL. OTHO HAMILTON OF 01XVE8T0B. HIS 80NS CAFT. JOHN" AND LT.-COL. OTHO 2ND, AND BIS GBANDSON SIB EALPH," THE HAMILTONB OF DOVSB AND BEHWICK," '"WILLIAM THOBNE AND SOME OF HIS DESCENDANTS." "THE FAMILIES OF EATON-SUTHEBLAND, LATTON-HILL," AC., AC. HALIFAX, N. S. C. H. Ruggi.es & Co. 1899 c^v GS <\o to fj» <@ifi Aatkair unkj «¦' >IJ COCHRAN -IMJLIS Among Nova Scotia families that have risen to a more than local prominence it willhardly be questioned that the Halifax Cochran "family withits connections, on the whole stands first. In The Church of England inNova Scotia and the Tory Clergy of the Revolution", and in a more recent family monograph entitled "Eaton —Sutherland; I,ayton-Hill," the Cochrans have received passing notice, but in the following pages for the first time a connected account of this important family willbe found. The facts here given are drawn chiefly from parish registers, biographical dictionaries, the British Army Lists, tombstones, and other recognized sources of authority for family history, though some, as for example the record of the family of the late Sir John Inglis, given the author by Hon. -
James Monk's “Observations on the Courts of Law in Nova Scotia”, 1775
James Monk’s “Observations on the Courts of Law in Nova Scotia” , 1775 In May 1931 Dr. William Inglis Morse purchased for £50 from Bernard Quaritch Ltd. of London, the antiquarian booksellers, a twenty-one-page manuscript in a blue paper wrapper entitled “Observations on the Courts of Law in Nova Scotia” . In June 1932 Morse donated it to Acadia University, where today it is found in the William Inglis Morse Collection at Vaughan Memorial Library.1 Though the work is anonymous, the author’s hand writing, idiom, orthography, prolixity and awkward syntax — not to mention anglophilia, legal fluency and perspective — confirm his identity as James Monk, Solicitor-General of Nova Scotia from 1774 to 1776.2 There is also cor roborating external evidence from a letter of Monk to his English patron, Sir Clifton Wintringham, in which Monk promised to send him “some General observations on the state of this Colony” .3 In the same letter, written on 17 November 1775, Monk also promised to send Wintringham the “Votes” of the House of Assembly, which had just been prorogued.4 It is therefore rele vant to note that, at the same time he purchased the “Observations” , Dr. Morse also obtained from Quaritch “Nova Scotia. Journals and Votes of the House of Assembly, 1775” . Sir Clifton Wintringham died without issue in 1794, long after his protégé had left Nova Scotia. Thereafter the provenance of the Monk manuscripts is obscure until they were acquired by Quaritch. A director of Bernard Quaritch Ltd. has recently voiced the suspicion that “ these items...came into and went out of the shop too quickly to be catalogued” .5 James — later Sir James — Monk was born in Boston in 1745, the son of James Monk and Ann Deering, who brought their family to Halifax in 1749. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
North Atlantic Press Gangs: Impressment and Naval-Civilian Relations in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, 1749-1815 by Keith Mercer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2008 © Copyright by Keith Mercer, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43931-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43931-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Dilemma of the American Lawyer in the Post-Revolutionary Era, 35 Notre Dame L
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 35 | Issue 1 Article 2 12-1-1959 Dilemma of the American Lawyer in the Post- Revolutionary Era Anton-Hermann Chroust Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Anton-Hermann Chroust, Dilemma of the American Lawyer in the Post-Revolutionary Era, 35 Notre Dame L. Rev. 48 (1959). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol35/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DILEMMA OF THE AMERICAN LAWYER IN THE POST-REVOLUTIONARY ERA Anton-Hermann Chroust* On the eve of the Revolution the legal profession in the American colonies,' in the main, had achieved both distinction and recognition. It had come to enjoy the respect as well as the confidence of the people at large. This is borne out, for instance, by the fact that twenty-five of the fifty-six signers of the Declaration of Independence, and thirty-one of the fifty-five members of the Constitutional Convention were lawyers. Of the thirty-one lawyers who attended the Constitutional Convention, no less than five had studied law in England.2 The American Revolution itself, directly and indirectly, affected the legal profession in a variety of ways. First, the profession itself lost a considerable number of its most prominent members; secondly, a bitter antipathy against the lawyer as a class soon made itself felt throughout the country; thirdly, a strong dislike of everything English, including the English common law became wide- spread; and fourthly, the lack of a distinct body of American law as well as the absence of American law reports and law books for a while made the administra- tion of justice extremely difficult and haphazard. -
Newer Light on the Boston Massacre
Newer Light on the Boston Massacre HILLER B. ZOBEL JL'EFENSE OF THOSE accused of participating in the so-called Boston Massacre has always been considered the apogee of the American legal profession. That a pair of true-blue and red-hot patriots like John Adams and josiah Quincy should risk position and popular honor to represent a clutch of hated lobsterbacks has given the American Bar an apparently per- petual and unquenchable glow of self-satisfaction. That Quincy and Adams were able to cap their heroism with seven honest- to-goodness acquittals (plus two non-punishable manslaughter convictions) has always been cited to show that in America, justice does indeed triumph, and that Yankee jurors were even then as honest as they were independent. At a minimum, the Massacre trials prove that Boston lost a pretty fair trial lawyer when at the age of forty John Adams doffed his barrister's robes forever in favor of a career in the public service.^ But despite the patriotism and the pride, the Quincy- Adams performance has also produced a feeling of mystery, of what might even be called doubt. As early as 1788, the Reverend William Gordon, who had lived in Boston and knew Adams personally, suggested in his history that Adams had tried the case with something less than full zeal: While carrying on, Mr. Quincy pushes the examination and cross-examination of the witnesses to such an extent, that Mr. Adams, in order to check it, is obliged to tell him, that if he will •The latest encomium appears in the American Bar Association Journal, LIV (1968), 148. -
“How Far English Laws Are in Force Here”: Nova Scotia’S First Century of Reception Law Jurisprudence
“HOW FAR ENGLISH LAWS ARE IN FORCE HERE”: NOVA SCOTIA’S FIRST CENTURY OF RECEPTION LAW JURISPRUDENCE Barry Cahill* The development of the “British tradition in Canadian law” has usually been examined from the perspective of “reception,” or the process by which the common law provinces acquired their legal systems.1 No study of the reception of English law may commence without acknowledging its indebtedness to the magisterial essay by J. E. Côté, who in a headnote to his 63 page article, denies that the subject forms part of legal history at all.2 What he means, of course, is that reception is not dead; it remains adjudicable, as it has always been, and reception law continues to be made by both judges and legislators. The theoretical issue, however, is deeper than whether the study of reception belongs to legal history; it is fundamentally whether legal history belongs to history or to law. Côté would probably respond that it belongs to the former, and should be distinguished carefully from the latter. Apart from a few conspicuous exceptions, the principal difficulty of existing studies of reception is that they are unhistorical, or at best anachronistic surveys, where legal reasoning and argument coexist uneasily with pseudo-historical “research.” Constitutional lawyers, especially, seem to have difficulty conceptualizing the historical origins and evolution of basic law. Some of them appear to believe that the rules of present-day law, which are being continually applied and expounded, do not have an evolutionary past which is a proper subject for historical inquiry. It appears that the concept of stare decisis, for example, which played quite a significant role in the legal culture of colonial societies, cannot be applied satisfactorily to the interpretation of constitutional law except at the expense of historical accuracy. -
The Impeachment of the Judges of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, 1787-1793: Colonial Judges, Loyalist Lawyers, and the Colonial Assembly
Dalhousie Law Journal Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 1 10-1-2011 The Impeachment of the Judges of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, 1787-1793: Colonial Judges, Loyalist Lawyers, and the Colonial Assembly Jim Phillips University of Toronto Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/dlj Part of the Judges Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Jim Phillips, "The Impeachment of the Judges of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, 1787-1793: Colonial Judges, Loyalist Lawyers, and the Colonial Assembly" (2011) 34:2 Dal LJ 265. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Law Journal by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jim Phillips* The Impeachment of the Judges of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, 1787-1793: Colonial Judges, Loyalist Lawyers, and the Colonial Assembly In 1790 the Nova Scotia House of Assembly passed seven "articles of impeachment" against two of the colony's Supreme Court judges, the first attempt by a British North American assembly to remove superior court judges. Although the impeachment failed when the British government rejected the charges, it is noteworthy nonetheless. The product of a dispute between newly arrived loyalist lawyers and a local elite of "old inhabitants, " it was at one and the same time a political struggle between the Assembly and the executive branch, and one that involved concerns about judicial competence. The impeachment crisis also demonstrates the close links between the judiciary and executive in the pre- responsible government era. -
Bound to Slavery: Economic and Biographical Connections to Atlantic Slavery Between the Maritimes and West Indies After 1783
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2021 Bound to Slavery: Economic and Biographical Connections to Atlantic Slavery between the Maritimes and West Indies after 1783 Sarah Elizabeth Chute University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the African American Studies Commons, and the Caribbean Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Chute, Sarah Elizabeth, "Bound to Slavery: Economic and Biographical Connections to Atlantic Slavery between the Maritimes and West Indies after 1783" (2021). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 1359. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1359 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOUND TO SLAVERY: ECONOMIC AND BIOGRAPHICAL CONNECTIONS TO ATLANTIC SLAVERY BETWEEN THE MARITIMES AND WEST INDIES AFTER 1783 A Thesis Presented by Sarah Elizabeth Chute to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Specializing in History May, 2021 Defense Date: March 24, 2021 Thesis Examination Committee: Harvey Amani Whitfield, Ph.D., Advisor Sarah E. Turner, Ph.D., Chairperson David Massell, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College Abstract Born in Africa, shipped to the West Indies, enslaved in the American colonies, and promised freedom in Colonial Canada: this well-known narrative traces a journey from tropical climates to northern temperate zones, from slavery to freedom. -
Rise and Fall of Nova Scotia's Attorney General: 1749-1983
Dalhousie Law Journal Volume 8 Issue 3 Article 7 10-1-1984 Rise and Fall of Nova Scotia's Attorney General: 1749-1983 J. Murray Beck Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/dlj Part of the Administrative Law Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation J. Murray Beck, “Rise and Fall of Nova Scotia's Attorney General: 1749-1983” (1984) 8:3 DLJ 103. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Schulich Law Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dalhousie Law Journal by an authorized editor of Schulich Law Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rise and Fall of Nova Scotia's Attorney General: 1749-1983 J. Murray Beck* The performance of Nova Scotia's thirty-seven attorneys general in the 234 years between 1749 and 1983 has been influenced by a variety of factors. In part, it has been dependent on the kind of political regime they helped to work: representative government up to 1848; responsible government in a single province between 1848 and 1867; and federal government since 1867. But it has been strongly affected, too, by the training, character, and attitudes of the attorneys general themselves; so, while the office has undoubtedly done much to mould the man, the reverse has been no less true, especially before 1900. Actually the office of attorney general of Nova Scotia still rests on the prerogative instruments issued to its pre-Confederation governors and lieutenant governors, even though those documents do not specifi- cally mention the office by name. -
00 Toc-Contributors.Qxd
00131-02 Whitfield Article_Layout 2012-10-30 8:16 PM Page 17 The Struggle over Slavery in the Maritime Colonies HARVEY AMANI WHITFIELD Cet article examine attentivement comment maîtres et esclaves s’affrontèrent pour définir l’esclavage dans les provinces Maritimes. S’appuyant sur des recherches universitaires antérieures, il accorde une attention particulière au rôle que jouèrent des personnes d’ascendance africaine dans l’abolition de l’esclavage, avec l’aide d’abolitionnistes de la région et de juges sympathiques à leur cause. La fin de l’esclavage mit à l’avant-plan une nouvelle forme de racisme plus virulente qui limitait les perspectives des communautés de Noirs libres de la région. This article closely examines the ways in which masters and slaves struggled to define slavery in the Maritimes. Building on the work of previous scholars, special attention is given to the role that African-descended peoples played in ending slavery with the help of local abolitionists and sympathetic judges. The end of slavery brought to the forefront a new and more virulent form of racism that circumscribed opportunities for free black communities in the region. BETWEEN 1783 AND THE 1820s, SLAVES AND OWNERS struggled to define the essence, meaning, contours, and extent of slavery. 1 The study of slavery in Canada is an uncomfortable subject. In popular understanding, it has been easier to envision Canada as the protector of fugitive slaves rather than as the home of its own system of slavery. In her study, The Hanging of Angélique , Afua Cooper noted that slavery “has disappeared from Canada’s historical chronicles, erased from its memory and banished to the dungeons of its past.” 2 Yet, despite this lapse in historical memory, the historical analysis of Cooper and others tells a very different story. -
HABEAS CORPUSAND SLAVERY in NOVA SCOTIA: R. V. HECHT EX
HABEAS CORPUS AND SLAVERY IN NOVA SCOTIA: R. v. HECHT EX PARTE RACHEL, 1798 Barry Cahill* “Few or no Negro slaves are given up. My chief errand to town [New York] was to look up one of mine, and I saw the rogue, but found he had formed such connections with a certain great personage that I could no longer look upon him as my own. He told me he was going to Novy Koshee.” - Anon., August 1783 “Be so good to attend to the poor Blacks let them be considered as the human species (which by the by is not done every where).” - Governor John Parr, 1785 “they [the free Blacks] are in short in a state of Slavery.” - Lieutenant John Clarkson RN, 1791 “This [“practical civil liberty’] was fully recognized by the decision given many years ago at Annapolis, when the doctrine was acted upon that slaves brought into this country became free ipso facto on landing.” - Beamish Murdoch, 1832 “A detailed list of the slave owners in New Brunswick cannot be attempted, but it included leading individuals in nearly all parts of the Province.” - W.O. Raymond, 1903 “It can be accepted as a general rule that the ancestors of the present coloured population in Annapolis County [Nova Scotia] were slaves.” - Elizabeth Ruggles Coward, 1955 “Not that the Loyalists quarre[l]ed with the institution of slavery; many were able to carry their slaves away with them to St. Augustine [East Florida] or the West Indies, and others put slaves on board privateers in order to collect prize money.” - Wallace Brown, 1965 “The outcry against slavery was buried in the files.” - Ellen Gibson Wilson, 1976 * Archivist, Government Archives Division, Public Archives of Nova Scotia; Editor, Nova Scotia Historical Review.