DOCSLIB.ORG

Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds As Anti

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds As Anti Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds as Anti-Cancer Compounds and their Interaction with Different conformations of DNA: Syntheses, Model and in vitro Studies of Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds Antoni, P Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-60422 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Antoni, P. Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds as Anti-Cancer Compounds and their Interaction with Dif- ferent conformations of DNA: Syntheses, Model and in vitro Studies of Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds. 2012, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds as Anti- Cancer Compounds and their Interaction with Different Conformations of DNA Syntheses, Model and in vitro Studies of Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat) vorgelegt der Mathematisch – naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der UNIVERSITÄT ZÜRICH von Philipp M. Antoni aus Deutschland Prüfungskomitee Prof. Dr. Roger Alberto (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Roland K. O. Sigel (Beisitz) PD Dr. Bernhard Spingler (Leitung der Dissertation) Zürich 2012 1 Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds as Anti- Cancer Compounds and their Interaction with Different Conformations of DNA Syntheses, Model and In Vitro Studies of Metallo – Porphyrin Compounds 1. List of Synthesized Compounds _______________________________________ 5 2. Acknowledgements _______________________________________________ 11 3. Abstract ________________________________________________________ 14 3.1 Deutsche Zusammenfassung ____________________________________ 14 3.2 English Abstract ______________________________________________ 16 4. Interaction of Metallo – Porphyrins with Different Conformations of DNA ___ 18 4.1 DNA – an introduction _________________________________________ 18 4.1.1 The early days of DNA research ____________________________________________ 18 4.1.2 DNA and its role as a target of molecular chemistry ____________________________ 22 4.1.3 Different conformations of DNA ____________________________________________ 25 4.1.4 Formation of Z-DNA _____________________________________________________ 31 4.1.5 Circular dichroism[80] _____________________________________________________ 34 4.1.6 Possible biological functions of Z-DNA. ____________________________________________ 36 4.2 Abilities of Porphyrins to detect DNA _____________________________ 38 4.2.1 Interactions with Z - DNA _________________________________________________ 38 4.2.2 Interaction of porphyrins with G – Quadruplexes ______________________________ 40 4.3 Background and motivation for this work _________________________ 41 4.4 Results and Discussion – Interaction of Porphyrins with DNA __________ 42 4.4.1 Interaction of metallo – porphyrins with different conformations of DNA ___________ 42 4.4.2 Interaction of lead porphyrins with guanosine_________________________________ 43 4.4.3 Interactions of porphyrin treated poly d(GC) with Z- inducing agent _______________ 48 2 4.4.4 Interactions of lead porphyrins with previously induced Z- conformation of poly d(GC) 51 4.4.5 Calculations of the coordination of zinc porphyrin towards DNA __________________ 55 4.4.6 Z-DNA detecting molecules _______________________________________________ 59 4.4.7 Porphyrins as side arms: an odyssey ________________________________________ 63 4.4.8 Corner Building Blocks ___________________________________________________ 66 4.4.9 Synthesis of the Bridges __________________________________________________ 67 4.5 Conclusion and Outlook ________________________________________ 71 5. Photoactive Metalloporphyrins for a Combined Chemo- and Photodynamic Therapy ____________________________________________________________ 73 5.1 Abstract _____________________________________________________ 73 5.2 Introduction _________________________________________________ 74 5.2.1 Cisplatin _______________________________________________________________ 74 5.2.2 Second and Third Generations of cisplatin analogues ___________________________ 75 5.2.3 Photodynamic Therapy with Porphyrins[197, 276-280] ______________________________ 80 5.2.4 Mechanism of Porphyrin Excitation _________________________________________ 82 5.2.5 Porphyrins and their Biological Behavior _____________________________________ 85 5.2.6 Approved Drugs containing Porphyrins ______________________________________ 86 5.2.7 Combinatorial Therapies __________________________________________________ 88 5.3 Motivation and objective of this project___________________________ 90 5.4 Results and Discussion _________________________________________ 92 5.4.1 Synthesis and Characterization _____________________________________________ 92 5.4.2 Stability of Platinum-Porphyrin Complexes in Water and Serum ___________________ 98 5.4.3 Porphyrin Complexes and their interaction with DNA __________________________ 103 5.4.4 Cytotoxicity Studies in Carcinoma Cells _____________________________________ 107 5.4.5 Calculated Interactions __________________________________________________ 117 5.5 Conclusion and Outlook _______________________________________ 120 6. Conclusion and outlook ___________________________________________ 123 7. Experimental ___________________________________________________ 126 7.1 List of Abbreviations _________________________________________ 126 3 7.2 Instrumentation and materials _________________________________ 129 7.3 Synthesis of Porphyrin and their Building Blocks ___________________ 132 7.4 Synthesis of Metallo - Porphyrin Complexes ______________________ 149 7.5 Organic Bridges ______________________________________________ 155 7.6 Platinum building blocks ______________________________________ 161 7.7 Multi – porphyrin and Platinum Arrays___________________________ 163 7.8 CD titration of poly (dG-dC) - poly (dG-dC) with Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ porphyrins _______________________________________________________ 168 7.8.1 UV, Fluorescence, and CD titration of 5’-GMP with (metallo)-porphyrins ___________ 168 7.8.2 UV, Fluorescence, and CD titration of poly d(GC) with (metallo)-porphyrins[379] ______ 168 7.8.3 HPLC Measurements[343] _________________________________________________ 168 7.9 MTT Cytotoxicity Studies ______________________________________ 169 7.9.1 Cell Lines [380, 381] _______________________________________________________ 169 7.9.2 MTT Cytotoxicity assay [38, 347, 382, 383] ________________________________________ 169 7.9.3 Crystallographic Data ___________________________________________________ 170 8. Literature ______________________________________________________ 173 4 1. List of Synthesized Compounds 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. Acknowledgements I would like to thank colleagues, friends and family that supported me during the last 4 years. It has been an intense and interesting time at the University with a lot of new and exciting experiences, tasks, ups & downs and friendship. A lot of persons helped me in various aspects, personally and professionally. In the need of help, I could rely on a precise and fair feedback, support and also some open ears. During the time at the University of Zurich, I received a lot of good ideas which made up my mind how I want to form my future. Lots of persons joined in this part of my life and accompanied me for a while. I would like to thank all those for their great support. Especially the friendly help, constructive advices, ideas and patience of the members of the Inorganic Institute of the University of Zurich was very important for this work. Thank you! I would also like to thank my friends for their persistence, patience and support. I am very happy and grateful that you supported me. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the following persons… PD Dr. Bernhard Spingler, for your patience, advice, and support. Thank you for giving me this interesting topic to work on and free hands to develop it further. Thank you for teaching me how to develop new ideas, working techniques and open thoughts in various topics, chemically and personally. Thanks for your friendship and the many discussions and for the correction of this supervision and work. Prof. Dr. Roger Alberto, for giving me the opportunity to work in his group and giving me the freedom to develop and experiment on many ideas. I enjoyed a lot organizing our yearly Christmas lecture – it was a lot of fun. I enjoyed the Trin/Kandersteg meetings and the open atmosphere in your group. I appreciated a lot your direct way of communication, especially during the writing of my thesis. Thank you for helping me keeping my focus on my thesis and for your supervision. 11 Prof. Dr. Roland Sigel, for helping me in different aspects during my time as a PhD student. We built the CMSZH and had controversial discussion and common battles in various commissions. Thank you for helping me developing my profile and the many good discussions. Prof. Dr. Eva Freisinger, for her support, patience, open doors for discussions. I always appreciated the time we discussed our various topics. Thanks. My labmates and students: Stefan Schnidrig, for a great time in the lab synthesizing a lot of challenging molecules and combining them to functionality. Michael Felber and Miriam Oberholzer for their highly motivated, skilled work and support. Dr. Benji Probst, for a great time and support from Vordiplom to PhD, lot of exchange of experience and some memorable
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Superman Family Adventures: Family Adventures Volume 1 Free
    FREESUPERMAN FAMILY ADVENTURES: FAMILY ADVENTURES VOLUME 1 EBOOK Franco,Art Baltazar | 128 pages | 09 Jul 2013 | DC Comics | 9781401240509 | English | United States Superman Family Adventures Vol 1 Get this from a library! Superman Family adventures. Volume 1. [Art Baltazar; Franco Aureliani] -- Superman! Superboy! Supergirl! Krypto the Superdog! The entire Superman family is re-imagined here in this energetic all-ages graphic novel. Read on as the heroes of Metropolis fight foes such as. has been visited by 1M+ users in the past month. Superman Family Adventures (Volume 1) was an ongoing series, published by Johnny DC. It ran from until It starred Superman, Supergirl, Superboy, Lois Lane, and Jimmy Olsen. Superman Family Adventures, Vol. 1 Superman Family Adventures (Volume 1) was an ongoing series, published by Johnny DC. It ran from until It starred Superman, Supergirl, Superboy, Lois Lane, and Jimmy Olsen. The entire Superman family is re-imagined here in this energetic all-ages graphic novel. Read on as the heroes of Metropolis fight foes such as Bizarro, Metallo, Lex Luthor and giant monkeys? The critically acclaimed team behind TINY TITANS tackle the Superman family in this all-ages graphic novel! Collects Superman Family Adventures # Superman Family Adventures#11 is an issue of the series Superman Family Adventures (Volume 1) with A large meteor crashes into Earth, releasing a dangerous monster: Doomsday. Meanwhile, at the Kent Farm, Martha has organized a field trip for Conner, Kara, Krypto and Streaky to the Daily Planet. Superman Family Adventures Vol 1 11 Superman Family Adventures#11 is an issue of the series Superman Family Adventures (Volume 1) with A large meteor crashes into Earth, releasing a dangerous monster: Doomsday.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossmedia Adaptation and the Development of Continuity in the Dc Animated Universe
    “INFINITE EARTHS”: CROSSMEDIA ADAPTATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUITY IN THE DC ANIMATED UNIVERSE Alex Nader A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2015 Committee: Jeff Brown, Advisor Becca Cragin © 2015 Alexander Nader All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Jeff Brown, Advisor This thesis examines the process of adapting comic book properties into other visual media. I focus on the DC Animated Universe, the popular adaptation of DC Comics characters and concepts into all-ages programming. This adapted universe started with Batman: The Animated Series and comprised several shows on multiple networks, all of which fit into a shared universe based on their comic book counterparts. The adaptation of these properties is heavily reliant to intertextuality across DC Comics media. The shared universe developed within the television medium acted as an early example of comic book media adapting the idea of shared universes, a process that has been replicated with extreme financial success by DC and Marvel (in various stages of fruition). I address the process of adapting DC Comics properties in television, dividing it into “strict” or “loose” adaptations, as well as derivative adaptations that add new material to the comic book canon. This process was initially slow, exploding after the first series (Batman: The Animated Series) changed networks and Saturday morning cartoons flourished, allowing for more opportunities for producers to create content. References, crossover episodes, and the later series Justice League Unlimited allowed producers to utilize this shared universe to develop otherwise impossible adaptations that often became lasting additions to DC Comics publishing.
    [Show full text]
  • DC Comics Jumpchain CYOA
    DC Comics Jumpchain CYOA CYOA written by [text removed] [text removed] [text removed] cause I didn’t lol The lists of superpowers and weaknesses are taken from the DC Wiki, and have been reproduced here for ease of access. Some entries have been removed, added, or modified to better fit this format. The DC universe is long and storied one, in more ways than one. It’s a universe filled with adventure around every corner, not least among them on Earth, an unassuming but cosmically significant planet out of the way of most space territories. Heroes and villains, from the bottom of the Dark Multiverse to the top of the Monitor Sphere, endlessly struggle for justice, for power, and for control over the fate of the very multiverse itself. You start with 1000 Cape Points (CP). Discounted options are 50% off. Discounts only apply once per purchase. Free options are not mandatory. Continuity === === === === === Continuity doesn't change during your time here, since each continuity has a past and a future unconnected to the Crises. If you're in Post-Crisis you'll blow right through 2011 instead of seeing Flashpoint. This changes if you take the relevant scenarios. You can choose your starting date. Early Golden Age (eGA) Default Start Date: 1939 The original timeline, the one where it all began. Superman can leap tall buildings in a single bound, while other characters like Batman, Dr. Occult, and Sandman have just debuted in their respective cities. This continuity occurred in the late 1930s, and takes place in a single universe.
    [Show full text]
  • ICSA Departamento De Jornalismo - DEJOR
    Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas – ICSA Departamento de Jornalismo - DEJOR JORNALISMO NA SÉRIE SUPERGIRL: A dualidade entre Kara Danvers e Supergirl em sua trajetória como repórter SUZANE DE ALMEIDA PINHEIRO Mariana 2020 SUZANE DE ALMEIDA PINHEIRO JORNALISMO NA SÉRIE SUPERGIRL: A dualidade entre Kara Danvers e Supergirl em sua trajetória como repórter Monografia apresentada ao curso de Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Jornalismo. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Denise Figueiredo Barros do Prado Mariana 2020 SISBIN - SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS E INFORMAÇÃO P654j Pinheiro, Suzane De Almeida . PinJornalismo na série Supergirl [manuscrito]: a dualidade entre Kara Danvers e Supergirl em sua trajetória como repórter. / Suzane De Almeida Pinheiro. Suzane Pinheiro. - 2020. Pin65 f.: il.: color.. PinOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Denise Prado. PinMonografia (Bacharelado). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Graduação em Jornalismo . Pin1. Televisão - Seriados. 2. Jornalismo. 3. Ética. 4. Supergirl (Programa de televisão). I. Pinheiro, Suzane. II. Prado, Denise. III. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. IV. Título. CDU 654.19 Bibliotecário(a) Responsável: Essevalter De Sousa - SIAPE: 0.980.794 MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO REITORIA INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS SOCIAIS E APLICADAS DEPARTAMENTO DE JORNALISMO FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Suzane de Almeida Pinheiro JORNALISMO NA SÉRIE SUPERGIRL:
    [Show full text]
  • Activity Kit
    Activity Kit Copyright (c) 2011 DC Comics. All related characters and elements are trademarks of and (c) DC Comics. (s11) ACTIvITy KIT wORD SCRAMBLE Help Batman solve a mystery by unscrambling the following words! Nermusap __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Barrzio __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Matbna __ __ __ __ __ __ Eth Kojre __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Redwon Waomn Wactnamo __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Raincaib __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Neerg Nerltan Hheecat __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Ssrtonie __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Eht Shafl __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Slirev Naws __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Quamnaa __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Hte Ylaid Neplta __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Slio Anle __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Msliporote __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Nibor __ __ __ __ __ Maghto Ycti __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Ptknory __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Zamona __ __ __ __ __ __ Vacbtae __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Repow grin __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Elx Ultroh __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Copyright (c) 2011 DC Comics.
    [Show full text]
  • Superman : the Animated Series Guide Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    SUPERMAN : THE ANIMATED SERIES GUIDE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Scott Beatty | 48 pages | 02 Jun 2003 | DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley) | 9780789495846 | English | United States Superman : The Animated Series Guide PDF Book Blasts from the Past 2. As one of the first episodes of the show, 'Heart of Ice' set the bar for the sophisticated style of storytelling that Batman The Animated Series is remembered for over 25 years later. Using some Wayne Tech technology, Bruce creates a mask that recreates his vision via computer graphics while his eyes heal. Error rating book. The episode finds another original villain named Biggis kidnapping homeless people and forcing them into labor. Lists with This Book. All original author and copyright information must remain intact. Is it any good? Join Now. The last son of the planet Krypton protects his adoptive home of Earth as the greatest of the superheroes. Using advanced weaponry and a special strain of Kryptonite harvested from the far reaches of outer space, Luthor specifically redesigns Brainiac to defeat the Man of Steel. Jim Miller added it Nov 24, As his friends and family mourn the dearly departed reporter, we see Superman watching from afar. Showing Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Learn how we rate. Superman: The Animated Series had a big hurdle to get over before the first episode even aired. Sign in. In a surprising twist, Gordon recognizes her as an adult capable of making her own decisions and even implies that he knows of her double life. On an island with a active volcano that is about to erupt, Metallo appears with temporary amnesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroclix Campaign
    HeroClix Campaign DC Teams and Members Core Members Unlock Level A Unlock Level B Unlock Level C Unless otherwise noted, team abilities are be purchased according to the Core Rules. For unlock levels listing a Team Build (TB) requisite, this can be new members or figure upgrades. VPS points are not used for team unlocks, only TB points. Arkham Inmates Villain TA Batman Enemy Team Ability (from the PAC). SR Criminals are Mooks. A 450 TB points of Arkham Inmates on the team. B 600 TB points of Arkham Inmates on the team. Anarky, Bane, Black Mask, Blockbuster, Clayface, Clayface III, Deadshot, Dr Destiny, Firefly, Cheetah, Criminals, Ambush Bug. Jean Floronic Man, Harlequin, Hush, Joker, Killer Croc, Mad Hatter, Mr Freeze, Penguin, Poison Ivy, Dr Arkham, The Key, Loring, Kobra, Professor Ivo, Ra’s Al Ghul, Riddler, Scarecrow, Solomon Grundy, Two‐Face, Ventriloquist. Man‐Bat. Psycho‐Pirate. Batman Enemy See Arkham Inmates, Gotham Underground Villain Batman Family Hero TA The Batman Ally Team Ability (from the PAC). SR Bat Sentry may purchased in Multiples, but it is not a Mook. SR For Batgirl to upgrade to Oracle, she must be KOd by an opposing figure. Environment or pushing do not count. If any version of Joker for KOs Level 1 Batgirl, the player controlling Joker receives 5 extra points. A 500 TB points of Batman members on the team. B 650 TB points of Batman members on the team. Azrael, Batgirl (Gordon), Batgirl (Cain), Batman, Batwoman, Black Catwoman, Commissioner Gordon, Alfred, Anarky, Batman Canary, Catgirl, Green Arrow (Queen), Huntress, Nightwing, Question, Katana, Man‐Bat, Red Hood, Lady Beyond, Lucius Fox, Robin (Tim), Spoiler, Talia.
    [Show full text]
  • Comics' Bronze Age and Beyond!
    COMICS’ BRONZE AGE AND BEYOND! No.87 Batman, Superman, and related characters TM & © DC Comics. All Rights Reserved. 1 8 2 6 5 8 2 7 7 6 0 2 3 8 THE SA GA O F TH E S U P E R S O N S A # JL 200: “A L EA G U E D I V I D E D ! ” THE BATMA N/ SU P E R M A N S W A P Volume 1, TM Number 87 April 2016 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Michael Eury PUBLISHER John Morrow Comics’ Bronze Age and Beyond! DESIGNER Rich Fowlks COVER ARTIST Dick Giordano (Artwork originally produced for a DC Comics puzzle. CourTesy of HeriTage TM Comics Auctions.) COVER COLORIST Glenn Whitmore COVER DESIGNER Michael Kronenberg PROOFREADER Rob Smentek SPECIAL THANKS Manny Alvear Martin Pasko Jim Amash Alfred Pennyworth Terry Austin Mike Pigott Mike W. Barr Bob Rozakis Cary Bates Jason Strangis Howard Bender Tandy Corporation BACK SEAT DRIVER: Editorial by Michael Eury . .2 Brett Breeding Roy Thomas Cary Burkett Steven Thompson FLASHBACK: Your Two Favorite Heroes in Dozens of Bronze Age Adventures Together . .3 Dewey Cassell John Trumbull The Superman/Batman team in World’s Finest Comics, 1968–1982 Gerry Conway Irene Vartanoff Ray Cuthbert Len Wein COVER GALLERY: Batman vs. Superman Fight Gallery . .22 DC Comics John Wells The many disagreements between the World’s Finest Heroes Kieron Dwyer Mike Friedrich WHAT THE--?!: The Strange Saga of the Super Sons . .25 Grand Comics Those confounding kids, Superman, Jr. and Batman, Jr. Database PRINCE STREET NEWS: Should Superman and Batman Be Friends? .
    [Show full text]
  • Superman Batman: Public Enemies Volume 1 Free
    FREE SUPERMAN BATMAN: PUBLIC ENEMIES VOLUME 1 PDF Ed Mcguiness,Dexter Vines,Jeph Loeb | 336 pages | 13 May 2014 | DC Comics | 9781401248185 | English | United States Superman/Batman Vol 1 2 | DC Database | Fandom The iconic super-heroes unite when longtime Superman enemy Lex Luthor, now president of the United States, accuses Superman of a horrible act against mankind, and assembles a top-secret team of powerhouse heroes to bring Superman in — dead or alive. But after the Dark Knight Detective proves Luthor's accusations to be baseless, the " World's Finest" duo prepares to topple the corrupt president's reign once and for all. This review was originally posted on my website Imagination Centre here. This is a series that I've been meaning to read for some time now, as with both Batman and Superman being two of my most favourite comic book characters, as well as the fact that I've loved Jeph Loeb's work on both Superman Batman: Public Enemies Volume 1 it has been something that I've always wanted to try. Having also loved the Superman Batman: Public Enemies Volume 1 films based on the first two volumes of this series I also wanted to see how close they were to their source materi He sends a team of heroes after him to arrest him for his crimes. Superman, with the help of Batman overcomes Metallo Superman Batman: Public Enemies Volume 1 then stops Lex Luthor's evil plans as well as figuring out a way to stop the incoming asteroid. Jeph Loeb did an excellent job McGuinness' art is superb throughout.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Superman Enemies 1 List of Superman Enemies
    List of Superman enemies 1 List of Superman enemies This is a list of fictional characters from DC Comics who are or have been enemies of Superman. It is notable that several of Superman's enemies are or have been foes of the Justice League of America as well. Central rogues gallery In alphabetical order (with issue and date of first appearance): Villain First appearance Description Atlas 1st Issue Special #1 A former one-shot Jack Kirby character recently revamped as a morally ambiguous antihero, Atlas has a (April 1975) crystal which gives him strength to rival Superman. Atomic Skull Superman #303 Albert Michaels was given radiation treatments that gave him atomic eye-blasts and worked from an agent (September 1976) of SKULL to becoming the organization's leader. Adventures of Joseph Martin's superhuman powers manifested after exposure to the Dominators' gene-bomb, the film Superman #483 buff began to hallucinate that he was a 1930s movie hero called the Atomic Skull and that Superman was (October 1991) his nemesis. Bizarro Superboy #68 Bizarro was created when Superboy was exposed to a "duplicating ray", and was later destroyed in the (October 1958) same story. Action Comics #254 Lex Luthor exposed Kal-El, now Superman, to another duplicating ray, this time creating an adult Bizarro. (July 1959) This Bizarro later created a Bizarro Lois and left with her into Space. In accordance with the science fiction concepts of Superman stories of the era, Bizarro relocated to "the Bizarro World," a cubical planet called Htrae (Earth spelled backwards) which operated under "Bizarro logic" (it was a crime to do anything good or right) and which Bizarro populated with inverted versions of Superman’s supporting cast and other DC heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Relantionship Between the DC Comics "Trinity" in the "New 52" Justice League
    Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Graduate Thesis Collection Graduate Scholarship 2017 Superfriends for Life: An Analysis of the Relantionship Between the DC Comics "Trinity" in the "New 52" Justice League Justin Welty Butler University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Welty, Justin, "Superfriends for Life: An Analysis of the Relantionship Between the DC Comics "Trinity" in the "New 52" Justice League" (2017). Graduate Thesis Collection. 490. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/490 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUPERFRIENDS FOR LIFE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DC COMICS “TRINITY” IN THE “NEW 52” JUSTICE LEAGUE by Justin Welty Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in English to the Department of English Language and Literature at Butler University. March 2017 ii Table of Contents Introduction: Super Beginnings.…………..……………………………………………... 1 Chapter One: The Origin Story.…………………………………………...…..…………23 Chapter Two: Super Friends….....…………………………………………………….....43 Chapter Three: Membership Drive…………………………………………………...….70 Chapter Four: Members Down………………………………………………...………...87 Chapter Five: Gods Among Us………………………………………………………....106 Conclusion: The End is the Beginning…………………………………………...…….126 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………….……134 1 Introduction: Super Beginnings Superheroes have been a fixture in the lives of Americans since 1938. The superhero exists in nearly every medium of popular culture. They adorn everything from food to toys, to clothes, to TV shows, to the silver screen where just having a superhero in your film almost always means box office success.
    [Show full text]
  • Superman Villains (From Right to Left) Biography: Overview Abilities
    SUPERMAN: Man of Steel General Information: Superman is a superhero published by DC Comics since 1938. An alien named Kal-El from the destroyed planet Krypton. He was sent to Earth and raised as Clark Kent by human foster par- ents, Martha and Jonathan Kent. As an adult, Superman became the protector of Earth, working at the Daily Planet as Clark Kent alongside his partner and wife Lois Lane. Biography: Sent as a baby to Earth from the dying planet Krypton, Kal-El was adopted by Martha and Jonathan Kent of Smallville, Kansas. Growing up as Clark Kent, he devoted his life to help- ing others with the abilities he developed from Earth's sun. Moving to Metropolis, he became Superman, while still main- taining his secret identity as Clark Kent, who works at the Daily Planet newspaper. CLARK KENT: Mild-Mannered Reporter Overview Clark Kent's name is a combination of the names of actors, Clark Gable and Kent Taylor. His physical design is believed to be modeled after science ction fan Walter Dennis, who sent Joe Shuster his photograph. Through the popularity of his Superman alter ego, the personality, concept, and name of Clark Kent have become in- grained in popular culture as well, becoming synonymous with secret identities and innocuous fronts for ulterior motives and ac- tivities. Kent wears his Superman costume underneath his street clothes, which lends itself to easy transference between the two personali- ties. However, the purpose of this convention outside of ction is largely dramatic, allowing Kent to rip open his shirt and reveal the familiar "S" insignia when called into action.
    [Show full text]