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Mapeamento Do Campo Magnético Interestelar Em Torno De Jatos Protoestelares Gigantes sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/05.23.16.34-TDI MAPEAMENTO DO CAMPO MAGNÉTICO INTERESTELAR EM TORNO DE JATOS PROTOESTELARES GIGANTES Lorena do Carmo Jesus Dissertação de Mestrado do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Astrofísica, orientada pela Dra. Cláudia Vilega Rodrigues, aprovada em 27 de maio de 2016. URL do documento original: <http://urlib.net/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LNR73S> INPE São José dos Campos 2016 PUBLICADO POR: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Gabinete do Diretor (GB) Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) Caixa Postal 515 - CEP 12.245-970 São José dos Campos - SP - Brasil Tel.:(012) 3208-6923/6921 Fax: (012) 3208-6919 E-mail: pubtc@inpe.br COMISSÃO DO CONSELHO DE EDITORAÇÃO E PRESERVAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO INTELECTUAL DO INPE (DE/DIR-544): Presidente: Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono - Conselho de Pós-Graduação (CPG) Membros: Dr. Plínio Carlos Alvalá - Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (CST) Dr. André de Castro Milone - Coordenação de Ciências Espaciais e Atmosféricas (CEA) Dra. Carina de Barros Melo - Coordenação de Laboratórios Associados (CTE) Dr. Evandro Marconi Rocco - Coordenação de Engenharia e Tecnologia Espacial (ETE) Dr. Hermann Johann Heinrich Kux - Coordenação de Observação da Terra (OBT) Dr. Marley Cavalcante de Lima Moscati - Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPT) Silvia Castro Marcelino - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL: Dr. Gerald Jean Francis Banon Clayton Martins Pereira - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) REVISÃO E NORMALIZAÇÃO DOCUMENTÁRIA: Simone Angélica Del Ducca Barbedo - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) Yolanda Ribeiro da Silva Souza - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) EDITORAÇÃO ELETRÔNICA: Marcelo de Castro Pazos - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) André Luis Dias Fernandes - Serviço de Informação e Documentação (SID) sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/05.23.16.34-TDI MAPEAMENTO DO CAMPO MAGNÉTICO INTERESTELAR EM TORNO DE JATOS PROTOESTELARES GIGANTES Lorena do Carmo Jesus Dissertação de Mestrado do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Astrofísica, orientada pela Dra. Cláudia Vilega Rodrigues, aprovada em 27 de maio de 2016. URL do documento original: <http://urlib.net/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LNR73S> INPE São José dos Campos 2016 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Jesus, Lorena do Carmo. J499m Mapeamento do campo magnético interestelar em torno de jatos protoestelares gigantes / Lorena do Carmo Jesus. – São José dos Campos : INPE, 2016. xxvi + 154 p. ; ( sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/05.23.16.34-TDI) Dissertação (Mestrado em Astrofísica) – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, 2016. Orientadora : Dra. Cláudia Vilega Rodrigues. 1. Meio interestelar. 2. Jatos e outflows. 3. Formação estelar. 4. Polarização linear. 5. Objetos Herbig-Haro. I.Título. CDU 524.5 Esta obra foi licenciada sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 3.0 Não Adaptada. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. ii \O cora¸c~aodo homem imita os universos sucessivos, os abismos cavados entre os s´oise as estrelas. Cada um de n´ostem em sua alma um buraco negro: um quasar". Ledo Ivo em \A Morte do Brasil", 1984 v A meus pais Luiz e Claudete, a meu irmão Andre e minhas avós Dagmar e Eliana . vii AGRADECIMENTOS Agrade¸co a meu pai, minha m~aee meu irm~ao por todo carinho e amor incondicional que tive ao longo de toda minha vida. Juntos ou separados, somos um time. Agrade¸co as minhas av´osDagmar e Eliana que s~ao uma inspira¸c~aode for¸cae bondade. Agrade¸co `aCAPES pelo suporte ao longo do mestrado e o suporte financeiro. Agrade¸co a minha orientadora Claudia Vilega Rodrigues pela oportunidade de aprender tantas coisas incr´ıveis e a sua incr´ıvel organiza¸c~aoque foram cruciais para despertar esse amor que mora em mim por Astrof´ısica. N~aoexiste presente maior do que encontrar algo que amamos e nos proporcionarem cultivar esse amor. Agrade¸co ao meu namorado Mateus Andriola Gross, um grande amor na minha vida. Voc^eme acompanhou at´euma cidade estranha e tamb´empara um futuro incerto. Eu tenho tanto orgulho de voc^ee tanta gratid~ao que nem sabia que meu cora¸c~ao merecia tanta coisa. E rezo ao futuro que meu amor apenas se fortale¸ca. Agrade¸co aos meus amigos de Bras´ılia que ficaram Erika e Laura, Loh e Roberta por me aguentar nesses anos de amizade. Aos amigos de Bras´ılia que vieram co- migo, Adam e Gabriel, essa aventura que vivemos aqui ´eapenas o come¸co. E por fim, aos amigos que conquistei: Aysses, Dinelsa, Eunice, Isabel, Carolina, Luidhy e aos demais, cada amigo que surge ´eum presente divino. Para minha Santa Trin- dade: German, Rodrigo e Manu. Voc^esme ensinaram como usar IRAF, PYTHON e LINUX necess´arios para que esta disserta¸c~aopossa ir para o c´eu. Agrade¸co ao professor Ivan Soares Ferreira por me ensinar quanta poesia existe na ci^encia por sua amizade que esquenta a alma de qualquer ser vivo. Ao professor Chico Jablonski pelo grande carisma, pela sincera supervis~ao e inspira¸c~ao que foi o que me motivou nesse mestrado. E por fim, aos demais professores que tive o privil´egio de estudar dirante o curso de mestrado. Agrade¸co a todos os funcion´arios do INPE pelos seus servi¸cosprestados e pela gen- tiliza que fui tratada ao longo de todo esses tempo. Concei¸c~ao, Glorinha, Andreia, Paulo, Ivan, Evandro, pessoal do taxi que me buscou nessas madrugadas e tantos ou- tros amigos que trabalham aqui que fizeram parte tamb´empara que esta disserta¸c~ao pudesse ser constru´ıda. ix RESUMO Apresentamos neste trabalho um estudo sobre as propriedades do campo magn´etico interestelar (BMI ) em torno de jatos protoestelares gigantes associados `aestrelas da pr´e-sequ^encia principal, utilizando a t´ecnica de polarimetria ´optica em imagens CCD. O valor da polariza¸c~ao, ^angulo de polariza¸c~ao, coordenadas dos objetos) fo- ram compiladas em cat´alogos para as regi~oes associadas aos objetos Herbig-Haro: HH 46/47, HH 90/91, HH 160, HH 114 e HH 355. A regi~ao como um todo em torno de cada jato foi dividida em 13,5 × 13,5 minutos de arco, e quando poss´ıvel nossas ob- serva¸c~oesforam complementadas pelas medidas de Targon et al (2011). Atrav´esda medida da dire¸c~aoe a dispers~aoda dire¸c~ao da polariza¸c~aonas sub-regi~oes, podemos discernir se h´aalguma mudan¸ca nas propriedades do campo magn´etico na regi~aode origem do jato, e em suas vizinhan¸cas, incluindo aquelas onde se espera intera¸c~ao mais forte com o meio interestelar. Os histogramas da dire¸c~aoda polariza¸c~aoforam resumidos pelo ajuste de Gaussianas cujos par^ametros localiza¸c~ao e dispers~ao s~ao bastante convenientes para a compara¸c~aoquantitativa entre sub-regi~oes. Em certos casos, ´e´util utilizar o par^ametro adimensional η, que quantifica de maneira n~ao pa- ram´etrica o ordenamento do campo magn´etico. Para o jato associado a HH 46/47, o ordenamento apresenta uma dire¸c~aopreferencial, sendo que os maiores valores de dispers~ao ocorrem nas regi~oes de choque em arco, t´ıpicas de jatos. O jato associado a HH 90/91 apresenta varia¸c~aonas dire¸c~oes de polariza¸c~ao que se nota um ordena- mento diferenciado nas localiza¸c~oes exteriores do mapa de polariza¸c~ao com rela¸c~ao `assub-regi~oes mais internas. No caso de HH 114, a mudan¸cana dire¸c~aodo campo magn´etico ´efacilmente verific´avel diretamente nos mapas de polariza¸c~ao, sendo que a dispers~aoaumenta nas proximidades do jato. Para HH 160, al´emde uma clara dife- rencia¸c~aodas propriedades da polariza¸c~ao do lado lestes para oeste, o mapa mostra uma estrutura curva na regi~ao terminal sudoeste do jato, com os outros indicadores de diagn´ostico tamb´emmostrando varia¸c~oes tanto na dire¸c~ao quanto no m´odulo da polariza¸c~ao. Para o caso de HH 355, apesar de ter uma cobertura observacional mais pobre, os vetores de polariza¸c~aoapresentam claramente uma dire¸c~aopreferencial em uma ´unica dire¸c~ao, sendo que o par^ametro η indica que a sub-regi~aoonde localiza-se o choque em arco apresenta maior desorganiza¸c~ao. Palavras chave: Meio Interestelar Jatos e Outflows Forma¸c~ao Estelar Pola- riza¸c~aoLinear Objetos Herbig-Haro xi MAPPING OF THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND GIGANTIC JETS ABSTRACT We present a study of the properties of the interstellar magnetic field (BMI ) sur- rounding giant protostellar jets associated to pre-main sequence stars. This was done using the technique of optical imaging polarimetry using CCD detector. The observational products (polarization fraction, polarization angle, coordinates of the targets) are compiled into catalogs for the regions associated the the Herbig-Haro objects HH 46/47, HH 90/91, HH 160, HH 114 and HH 355. To produce the catalogs the overall region surrounding the jet was divided in subregions 13:5×13:5 arcmin in size. Whenever possible, we added the measurements from Targon et al. (2011) to the catalogs. By measuring the dispersion of the polarization angle in the sub-regions we are able to distinguish changes in the properties of the magnetic field in the vicinity where the jet originates as well in its neighborhood, including those where strong interaction with the interstellar medium is expected. The histograms of polarization angle are quite useful for diagnostics and can be summarized by Gaussian fits from which the localization and dispersion are very convenient for a quantitative compar- ison between subregions.
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