DOCSLIB.ORG

CDI Vol 26 No 3 September 2002

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CDI Vol 26 No 3 September 2002 Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report Volume 26 Issue No 3 2002 © Commonwealth of Australia 2002 ISBN 0 642 82126 7 ISSN 1447-4514 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth available from the Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Copyright Services, Info Access, GPO Box 1920, Canberra ACT 2601. Editor Jenean Spencer Editorial and Production Staff Jenean Spencer, Paul Roche, Ming Lin, Alison Milton, Charlie Blumer, Megge Miller, Lynne Hawker, Patricia Hurtado Editorial Advisory Board Charles Watson (Chair), Mary Beers, Margaret Burgess, Scott Cameron, John Kaldor, Cathy Mead Website http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/cdi/cdihtml.htm Contributions Contributions covering any aspects of communicable diseases are invited. All contributions are subject to the normal refereeing process. Instructions to authors can be found in Commun Dis Intell 2001;25:147-148. Subscriptions and contacts Communicable Diseases Intelligence is produced every quarter by: Surveillance and Epidemiology Section Communicable Diseases and Health Protection Branch Department of Health and Ageing GPO Box 9848, (MDP 6) CANBERRA ACT 2601; Phone: +61 2 6289 8245 Facsimile: +61 2 6289 7791 E-mail: [email protected]. This journal is indexed by Index Medicus, Medline and the Australasian Medical Index. Disclaimer Opinions expressed in Communicable Diseases Intelligence are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health and Ageing or the Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Data may be subject to revision. Front cover: prepared by PAPA, Department of Health and Ageing Printed by Union Offset, Canberra Publications Approval number 3013 CDI Vol 26, No 3, 2002 Contents Editorial: Review of the Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme............................................321 Tim JJ Inglis The Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme, 1991 to 2000..................................................323 Paul Roche, Linda Halliday, Eddie O’Brien, Jenean Spencer Errata..................................................................................................................................................................374 Enhancing foodborne disease surveillance across Australia: the OzFoodNet annual report, 2001 ........375 Rosie Ashbolt, Rod Givney, Joy E Gregory, Gillian Hall, Rebecca Hundy, Martyn Kirk, Ian McKay, Lynn Meuleners, Geoff Millard, Jane Raupach, Paul Roche, Nittita Prasopa-Plaizier, Mohinder K Sarna, Russell Stafford, Nola Tomaska, Leanne Unicomb, Craig Williams, the OzFoodNet Working Group Annual report of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme, 2001 ......................................407 The Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual report of the Australian National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory and summary of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, 2001................................................................................................................419 Bruce R Thorley, Kerri Anne Brussen, Vicki Stambos, Lilly KW Yuen, Heath A Kelly Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Programme in Australia, 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002 ............................428 Annette K Broom, Peter I Whelan, Joe Azuolas, Dominic Dwyer, Linda Hueston, John S Mackenzie, Lorna Melville, Scott A Ritchie, David W Smith OzFoodNet: enhancing foodborne disease surveillance across Australia: quarterly report, January to March 2002 ..................................................................................................................................430 The OzFoodNet Working Group Editorial: Diarrhoea associated with consumption of escolar (rudderfish)..................................................436 Craig Shadbolt, Martyn Kirk, Paul Roche Outbreaks of diarrhoea associated with butterfish in Victoria ....................................................................439 Joy Gregory Illness associated with rudderfish/escolar in South Australia ....................................................................440 Rodney C Givney An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness associated with the consumption of escolar fish ........................441 Keflemariam Yohannes, Craig B Dalton, Linda Halliday, Leanne E Unicomb, Martyn Kirk Gastroenteritis outbreak in a sporting team linked to barbecued chicken ................................................446 Paul Armstrong, David Peacock, Scott Cameron Outbreak of Cryptosporidium linked to drinking unpasteurised milk............................................................449 Catherine M Harper, Noel A Cowell, Brad C Adams, Andrew J Langley, Tracey D Wohlsen Observational methods in epidemiologic assessment of vaccine effectiveness........................................451 Siranda Torvaldsen, Peter B McIntyre CDI Vol 26, No 3, 2002 319 Contents, continued Reduction in the hepatitis B related burden of disease — measuring the success of universal immunisation programs ..................................................................................................................................458 Alison H Williams A review of national legionellosis surveillance in Australia, 1991 to 2000 ................................................461 Janet S Li, Eddie D O’Brien, Charles Guest Intergovernmental Committee on HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C and Related Diseases........................................469 Communicable diseases — a fight we can win? Conference ........................................................................471 Communicable Diseases Surveillance Highlights for 2nd quarter, 2002..........................................................................................................472 Tables......................................................................................................................................................478 Additional reports ..................................................................................................................................488 Overseas briefs ................................................................................................................................................496 320 CDI Vol 26, No 3, 2002 Editorial Editorial: Review of the Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme Tim JJ Inglis, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathCentre, Western Australia The Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting discontinued. Surveillance was continued for other Scheme (LabVISE), the national surveillance diseases in order to get some national measure of scheme for virology and serology laboratory results seasonal/epidemic disease. However, it was has just undergone a detailed review. The data recognised at this time that a better structured included in the LabVISE appraisal covers reports on scheme was needed with improved representation a large number of viral and other pathogens over of the Australian population and better the decade 1991 to 2000. The total dataset denominator data. available on LabVISE indicators stands at over It is a cruel irony with which most users of LabVISE 500,000 items since its inception in 1982. During data will be familiar that perception is often as the period of the current review there were important as accurate measurement of disease significant changes in the scope and objectives of burden. For this reason, readers of the report will the surveillance program. Most notable of these need to be cautious about changes in reporting were the establishment of the National Notifiable that might be explained by fluctuating fashions in Disease Surveillance Scheme (NNDSS) in 1991, a infectious disease practice, or the epidemiological simplification of LabVISE in 1995 and transfer of self-fulfilling prophecies on which many pseudo- responsibility for the scheme to the National Public outbreaks are founded. In summary, the well- Health Laboratory Network in 1998. This report is recognised limitations of the current LabVISE therefore the first formal evaluation of LabVISE dataset render it difficult to use as a field data since 1996. The dataset reported under the epidemiology resource. LabVISE program was also subject to change during this period, most notably the exclusion of Undoubtedly the most practically useful material in hepatitis B and C, herpesvirus and Neisseria this report is its demonstration of the nationwide gonorrhoea, and a reduction in the number of data presence of a range of non-notifable pathogens. fields collected. Throughout this period The NNDSS may have taken the lead role in denominator data were not provided and there collating data on notifiable pathogens, but even have been significant inconsistencies in the on-line, laboratory-based notification has not completeness of reporting. There are particular overcome the problem of reliable denominator deficiencies in some jurisdictions where major data or addressed the problem of slow turnaround reference laboratories have not contributed data of analysed data to local public health jurisdictions. regularly. The private sector laboratories have been LabVISE is therefore a useful reality check on notable in their under-representation and overall, NNDSS data, as is clear from measles virus results total test numbers have not been available. over the review
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nasoswab ® Brochure
    ® NasoSwab One Vial... Multiple Pathogens Simple & Convenient Nasal Specimen Collection Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, L.L.C. 2439 Kuser Road • Hamilton, NJ 08690-3303 www.mdlab.com • Toll Free 877 269 0090 ® NasoSwab MULTIPLE PATHOGENS The introduction of molecular techniques, such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, in combination with flocked swab technology, offers a superior route of pathogen detection with a high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. MDL offers a number of assays for the detection of multiple pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections. The unrivaled sensitivity and specificity of the Real-Time PCR method in detecting infectious agents provides the clinician with an accurate and rapid means of diagnosis. This valuable diagnostic tool will assist the clinician with diagnosis, early detection, patient stratification, drug prescription, and prognosis. Tests currently available utilizing ® the NasoSwab specimen collection platform are listed below. • One vial, multiple pathogens Acinetobacter baumanii • DNA amplification via PCR technology Adenovirus • Microbial drug resistance profiling Bordetella parapertussis • High precision robotic accuracy • High diagnostic sensitivity & specificity Bordetella pertussis (Reflex to Bordetella • Specimen viability up to 5 days after holmesii by Real-Time PCR) collection Chlamydophila pneumoniae • Test additions available up to 30 days Coxsackie virus A & B after collection • No refrigeration or freezing required Enterovirus D68 before or after collection
    [Show full text]
  • Coxsackie B Virus Infection As a Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure and Hepatitis Thapa J, Koirala P, Gupta TN
    Case Note VOL. 16|NO. 1|ISSUE 61|JAN.-MARCH. 2018 Coxsackie B Virus Infection as a Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure and Hepatitis Thapa J, Koirala P, Gupta TN Department of Nephrology National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. ABSTRACT We report a 37 year female patient, admitted with complains of fever, jaundice and myalgia of seven days. There was no history of trauma, drug abuse, seizure or Corresponding Author vigorous exercise nor history of renal and musculoskeletal disease. Here we have Jiwan Thapa discussed the clinical features, biochemical derangements, diagnosis of coxsackie B virus, multi organ involvement and need of urgent hemodialysis for appropriate Department of Nephrology management of the case. National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. KEY WORDS E-mail: [email protected] Acute renal failure, Coxsackie B, Hemodialysis, Hepatitis Citation Thapa T, Koirala P, Gupta TN. Coxsackie B Virus Infection as a rare cause of Acute Renal Failure and Hepatitis. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2018;61(1):95-7. INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT The Coxsackie viruses are Ribonucleic acid viruses of A previously healthy 37-year-old female was admitted to the Picornaviridae family, Enterovirus genus which also our hospital with complains of fever of 7 days, jaundice includes echoviruses and polioviruses. Infections are of 4 days, severe muscle pain, especially the lower limbs, mostly asymptomatic. They are divided into groups A and discoloured urine. She also had history of malaise, and B. Coxsackie virus A virus usually affects skin and headache, sore throat and fever recorded up to 103.2°F.
    [Show full text]
  • International Respiratory Infections Society COVID Research Conversations: Podcast 3 with Dr
    University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections MULTIMEDIA International Respiratory Infections Society COVID Research Conversations: Podcast 3 with Dr. Antoni Torres Julio A. Ramirez1*, MD, FACP; Antoni Torres, MD, PhD, FERS 1Center of Excellence for Research in Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; 2Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, University of Barcelona *[email protected] Recommended Citation: Ramirez JA, Torres A. International Respiratory Infections Society COVID Research Conversations: Podcast 3 with Dr. Antoni Torres. Univ Louisville J Respir Infect 2021; 5(1): Article 11. Outline of Discussion Topics Section(s) Topics 1–4 Introductions 5 “Spanish” influenza 6–9 Dr. Torres’ personal thoughts and experiences 10 COVID-19 hospitalizations in Barcelona 11 A threatening phone call 12–13 Origin of the CIBERESUCICOVID project 14 Baseline characteristics 15 Bloodwork at hospital admission; ICU admission vs. day 3 16 Treatments 17 Complications 18 Outcomes related to interventions 19 Viral RNA load in plasma associated with critical illness and dysregulated response 20 Follow-up with health care workers 21 Medical education 22 Conclusions 23–26 Interleukin 6 27–29 Ventilatory approach 30–33 Post-COVID syndrome 34–38 Impact on health care workers 39–41 Holidays and COVID-19 infection 42–43 New paradigm for medical education 44–45 Reducing travel for medical conferences 46–47 Improving treatment for COVID-19 48–53 Vaccination in Spain 54–57 Prioritizing clinical trials 58–65 COVID-19 as viral pneumonia 64–69 Thanks and sign-off All figures kindly provided by Dr. Torres. ULJRI j https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri/vol5/iss1/11 1 ULJRI International Respiratory Infections Society COVID Research Conversations: Podcast 3 with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Medical and Public Health Importance of the Coxsackie Viruses
    806 S.A. MEDICAL JOURNAL 25 August 1956 it seems that this mother's claim cannot be upheld, Dit lyk dus of hierdie moeder se eis nie gestaaf kan word and we must still look for further evidence of human nie en ons moet nog steeds soek na verdere bewyse van parthenogenesis. menslike partenogenese. 1. Editorial (1955): Lancet, 2, 967. 1. Van die Redaksie (1955): Lancet, 2, 967. 2. Pincus, G. and Shapiro, H. (1939): Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2. Pincus, G. en Shapiro, H. (1939): Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 26,163. 26, 163. 3. Balfour-Lynn, S. (1956): Lancet, 1, 1072. 3. Balfour-Lynn, S. (1956): Lancet, 1, 1072. THE MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF THE COXSACKIE VIRUSES JA.\1ES GEAR, V.MasRoCH M'D F. R. PRINSLOO Poliomyelitis Research Foundation, South African Institute for Medical Research The Coxsackie group of viruses derived their name paralytic poliomyelitis infected also with poliovirus. from the Hudson River Town, Coxsackie, in New York As a result of more recent studies their pathogenicity State, where the first two members of this group were has now been more clearly defined. 2 The group-A identified by Dalldorf and Sickies in 1947.1 Both these viruses have been incriminated as the cause of herp­ viruses were isolated in suckling mice from the faeces angina and, as the present studies show, are possibly of children acutely ill with paralytic poliomyelitis. The related to a number of other illnesses. Coxsackie-B pathogenicity for suckling mice is one of the distinguish­ viruses have been incriminated as the cause of Bornholm ing features of this group of viruses, and their relative disease and, as the present studies show, in parts of lack of pathogenicity for adult mice and other experi­ Southern Africa are important causes ofaseptic meningo­ mental animals accounts for their escape from recogni­ encephalitis and of myocarditis neonatorum.
    [Show full text]
  • Trajectory of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Chasing a Moving Target
    1 Review Article Page 1 of 13 Trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic: chasing a moving target Kamal Kant Sahu1, Ajay Kumar Mishra1, Amos Lal2^ 1Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01608, USA; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: All authors; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: All authors; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Amos Lal, MBBS, MD. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Abstract: The spread of COVID-19 has already taken a pandemic form, affecting over 180 countries in a matter of three months. The full continuum of disease ranges from mild, self-limiting illness to severe progressive COVID-19 pneumonia, multiorgan failure, cytokine storm and death. Younger and healthy population is now getting affected than before. Possibilities of airborne and fecal oral routes of transmission has increased the concern. In the absence of any specific therapeutic agent for coronavirus infections, the most effective manner to contain this pandemic is probably the non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). The damage due to the pandemic disease is multifaceted and crippling to economy, trade, and health of the citizens of the countries. The extent of damage in such scenarios is something that is beyond calculation by Gross Domestic Product rate or currency value of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemic Coxsackie B Virus Infection in Johannesburg, South Africa
    J. Ilyg., Camb. (1985), 95, 447-455 447 Printed in Great Britain Epidemic Coxsackie B virus infection in Johannesburg, South Africa BY BARRY D. SCHOUB, SYLVIA JOHNSON, JO M. McANERNEY, ISABEL L. DOS SANTOS AND KATALIN I. M. KLAASSEN National Institute for Virology and Department of Virology, University of the Witivalersrand, South Africa (Received 4 April 1985; accepted 31 May 1985) SUMMARY A particularly extensive epidemic of Coxsackie B3 virus infection occurred in Johannesburg in the spring and summer of 1984. A total of 142 positive cases were diagnosed by isolation of the virus from stools and other specimens (60) or by serology (82). Coxsackie B3 accounted for 87 % of the isolations and was also the dominant serotypc on serology. The outbreak involved predominantly children and young adults, with no apparent sex differences being noted. The majority of specimens came from the white population and no significant difference in age or sex distribution could be observed between the two race groups. The major clinical presentation in the white group was Bornholm disease followed by cardiac involvement and then meningo- encephalitis. In the black group, however, myocarditis was the major clinical presentation, which is of particular interest taking into account the extremely high incidence of acute rheumatic carditis in this population and the prevalence of chronic cardiomyopathy. INTRODUCTION Epidemics of Coxsackie B virus infection have occurred at regular intervals in Johannesburg since the first documented outbreak of neonatal disease in a niaternity homo in October and November 1952 (Javctt el al. 195G; Gear, 19G7). In temperate countries, as well as in South Africa, these outbreaks occur characteristically in the warmer spring to autumn months in cycles of some 3- to 0-year intervals (Gear, 1967; Melnick, 1982; Banatvala, 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • Original a Brief History of Bornholm Disease
    Original Neurosciences and History 2017; 5(1): 20-25 A brief history of Bornholm disease E. García-Albea1, J. García-Albea2 1Head of the Neurology Department. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain. 2Department of Psychiatry. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT In the summer of 1930 on the Danish island of Bornholm, Dr Ejnar Sylvest and his wife, friends, and neighbours experienced symptoms of severe pain in one side of the chest, with pain resolving two weeks later and leaving no sequelae. Interested in the symptoms he had himself experienced, Sylvest described 23 similar cases on the island. He coined the terms ‘epidemic myalgia’ and ‘Bornholm disease’ and published several articles, disseminating knowledge of the process. is was soon followed by several other articles reporting similar epidemic outbreaks throughout Europe and America. Interest in the topic increased a er Dalldorf and Sickles discovered the virus responsible, coxsackie B virus, in Coxsackie, New York, in 1949. Epidemic outbreaks of Bornholm disease in Spain were certainly not uncommon, despite which they went largely disregarded, with the exception of two reports by Pedro Pons and Farreras Valentí (in Medicina Clínica, 1948) and by Ortiz Molina (in Revista Clínica Española, 1951; the journal was under the directorship of Dr Jiménez Díaz at the time). In fact, there is no o¥ cial epidemiological or healthcare system data on Bornholm disease in Spain. We provide a § rst-hand account of what may have been an epidemic outbreak of Bornholm disease in the summer of 2014, a¨ ecting at least four people in La Butiplaya, a housing complex in Cala de Mijas, in the Spanish province of Málaga.
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Review of Evidence That Enteroviruses May Be Zoonotic Jane K
    Fieldhouse et al. Emerging Microbes & Infections (2018) 7:164 Emerging Microbes & Infections DOI 10.1038/s41426-018-0159-1 www.nature.com/emi REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access A systematic review of evidence that enteroviruses may be zoonotic Jane K. Fieldhouse 1,XinyeWang2, Kerry A. Mallinson1,RickW.Tsao1 and Gregory C. Gray 1,2,3 Abstract Enteroviruses infect millions of humans annually worldwide, primarily infants and children. With a high mutation rate and frequent recombination, enteroviruses are noted to evolve and change over time. Given the evidence that human enteroviruses are commonly found in other mammalian species and that some human and animal enteroviruses are genetically similar, it is possible that enzootic enteroviruses may also be infecting human populations. We conducted a systematic review of the English and Chinese literature published between 2007 and 2017 to examine evidence that enteroviruses may be zoonotic. Of the 2704 articles screened for inclusion, 16 articles were included in the final review. The review of these articles yielded considerable molecular evidence of zooanthroponosis transmission, particularly among non-human primates. While there were more limited instances of anthropozoonosis transmission, the available data support the biological plausibility of cross-species transmission and the need to conduct periodic surveillance at the human–animal interface. Introduction Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a type that has caused 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; Enteroviruses (EVs) are positive-sense, single-stranded sporadic but severe respiratory disease outbreaks across RNA viruses in the family Picornaviridae that infect the United States, Asia, Africa, and Europe in recent millions of people worldwide on an annual basis, espe- years3,4.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTEROVIRAL MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS… Evme [ME/CFS]
    ENTEROVIRAL MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS… EvME [ME/CFS] Introduction: CFS is an "umbrella" classification of illnesses whose aetiology is thought to be unknown. As the classification implies, the prominent symptom is fatigue. Fatigue occurs in a wide range of illnesses. Neurological - Endocrine - Immune - Malignant - Infective - Toxic - Genetic. Advances in cellular biology and revisiting the past have re-defined illness hitherto classified. Background: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is recognised by the WHO as a neurological disease. It is well annotated in medical literature, from the Polio epidemics in 1930s-40s [Gilliam]. Defined by Melvyn Ramsay in the 1950s – Royal Free Disease and in the 1960s by Luis Leon Sotomayor “ Epidemic Diencephalomyelitis; A possible cause of Neuro-psychiatric, Cardiovascular and Endocrine disorders”. In 1970 the BMA published a paper by two psychiatrists. Dr C P McEvedy and Dr A W Beard which concluded that the Royal Free outbreak was largely due to hysteria. The effect on medical opinion was far reaching and still prevails. The effect on patients was and remains catastrophic. The enteroviruses, ubiquitous in nature, are responsible for a variety of human diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to fulminating multi-organ failure. They are the cause of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and it is no surprise that this disease has multi-organ involvement with protean manifestation. Pathophysiology: Enterovirus genus is comprised of Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses A&B, Echoviruses and E71. They are members of the Picornaviridea family. The Picorna family is marked by its extremely small size. The virion is a naked icosahedron about 30 nm in diameter. The genome is comprised of single-stranded monopartite RNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Myocarditis and Croup Caused by Coxsackie Virus Type B5 by Judith M
    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.36.189.551 on 1 October 1961. Downloaded from MYOCARDITIS AND CROUP CAUSED BY COXSACKIE VIRUS TYPE B5 BY JUDITH M. BABB, MARGARET E. R. STONEMAN and H. STERN From the Department ofPaediatrics, St. George's Hospital and the Victoria Hospitalfor Children, and the Department of Virology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 7, 1961) Myocarditis has long been recognized as a com- 1959; Lukes, 1959) and Hungary (Domok, Molnar plication of rheumatic fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever and Rudnai, 1960). A similar outbreak but without and whooping cough. It also occurs in association virus confirmation occurred in a newborn nursery with poliomyelitis and more rarely with other virus in Melbourne (French, 1953). Sporadic cases have infections such as influenza, mumps, psittacosis, been reported from the United States (Kibrick and infectious mononucleosis, primary atypical pneu- Benirschke, 1956, 1958a; 1958b; Sabin, 1957; monia, varicella, measles, infectious hepatitis and Benirschke, Kibrick and Craig, 1958; Benirschke yellow fever (Lyon, 1956; Silber, 1958). Myo- and Pendleton, 1958; Newton and Hosier, 1958; carditis has also been described as occurring without Hosier and Newton, 1958; Sprunt, 1958; Sussman, evidence of such primary disease and has then been Strauss and Hodes, 1959; Rapmund, Gauld, Rogers labelled variously as Fiedler's, idiopathic, interstitial, and Holmes, 1959; Moossy and Geer, 1960; Brown, isolated or aseptic myocarditis. Lenz and Agate, 1960; Woodward, McCrumb, The association of myocarditis and pericarditis Carey and Togo, 1960), Hawaii (Delaney and with epidemic pleurodynia was reported by Bing Fukunaga, 1958), the Transvaal (Gear, Measroch copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Perspectives of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in COVID-19
    Acta Biomed 2020; Vol. 91, N. 4: e2020155 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10698 © Mattioli 1885 Reviews/Focus on Current Perspectives of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 Kamal Kant Sahu1, Ajay Kumar Mishra2, Manish Raturi3 Amos Lal4 1 Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, Email: [email protected] 3 Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himala- yan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7880-7988 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA, Email: Lal. [email protected]; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-2033 Summary. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an unprecedented chal- lenge to the health care communities across the globe. As of December 2020, a total of 69,874,432 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 1,553,000 deaths have been reported. Different regions of the world have reported varying intensity of COVID-19 severity. The disease burden for COVID-19 depends on multiple factors like the local infection rate, susceptible population, mortality rate, and so on. The COVID-19 pandemic is a rap- idly evolving emergency and is a subject of regular debate and advanced research. As of today, there is a lack of definitive treatment options for COVID-19 pneumonia. In search of alternative options, few drugs are being tested for their efficacy and repurposing. Preliminary reports have shown positive outcomes with Remdesivir and tocilizumab, but this needs further confirmation.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COXSACKIE VIRUSES by D
    637 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.28.326.637 on 1 December 1952. Downloaded from THE COXSACKIE VIRUSES By D. GERAINT JAMES, M.B., M.R.C.P. Senior Medical Registrar, The Middlesex Hospital, W.i Coxsackie is a village on the banks of the Hudson Epidemic Pleurodynia River in upper New York State. In the course This condition was observed in 1930 by Sylvest of investigating an outbreak of poliomyelitis there, as an epidemic of myositis occurring amongst the Dalldorf and Sickles (1948) isolated a hitherto inhabitants of fishing villages on the island of unrecognized filterable agent from the faeces of Bornholm off the coast of Denmark. It has two children with lower limb paralysis. Neu- undoubtedly occurred in earlier times, and the tralizing antibodies for this new virus appeared in original description is attributed to Finsen, who the blood of both patients during convalescence. observed it in Iceland in i856, and called it Attempts to isolate the poliomyelitis virus in pleurodynia. It has been recognized in both rhesus monkeys were unsuccessful, but paralysis epidemic and sporadic forms as an acute febrile, was induced in newborn suckling mice, although self-limiting disease, characterized by lower inter- not in mice over twelve days old. This discovery costal muscle pain or diaphragmatic pleurisy, and heralded the advent of a new family of Coxsackie occasionally accompanied by pleural friction. Its. viruses. importance from a clinical point of view lies mainly Protected by copyright. in its differential diagnosis from tuberculous Reports soon followed of the isolation of the pleurisy, pneumonia, renal and biliary colic, Coxsackie virus in other epidemics of paralytic appendicitis, peritonitis, pulmonary infarct and poliomyelitis (Dalldorf et al., I949), in non- coronary thrombosis.
    [Show full text]