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ÅRBOK for UNIVERSITETSMUSEET I BERGEN 2 011 ÅRBOK for Universitetsmuseet I Bergen 2011 ÅRBOK FOR UNIVERSITETSMUSEET i BERGEN 2 011 ÅRBOK FOR Universitetsmuseet i Bergen 2011 UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN REDAKTØR INNHOLD Jo Høyer Forord – Universitetsmuseet i Bergen 4 [email protected] FRIDTJOF NANSEN OG BERGENS MUSEUM Fridtjof Nansen som konservator ved Bergens Museum 6 FORFATTERE Karen Helle Karen Blaauw Helle Per Harald Salvesen «Nansens makkverk» 17 Professor emeritus, Institutt for biomedisin, UiB Førsteamanuensis i botanikk, Arboretet og Botanisk hage, [email protected] Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Endre Willassen [email protected] Endre Willassen Fridtjof Nansen and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 1906 25 Professor i zoologi, De naturhistoriske samlinger, Per Åsen Ortwin Bock Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Førstekonservator og leder av Botanisk avdeling, Agder [email protected] Naturmuseum og Botaniske Hage Fridtjof Nansen og Nobelprisen i medisin i 1906 (norsk sammendrag) 33 [email protected] Ortwin Bock Ortwin Bock Dr. med Ortwin Bock, Ph.D (Ox), pensjonert lege, Cape Town, Gordon Turner-Walker MIDDELALDERENS BERGEN – ET SENTRUM I PERIFERIEN Sør-Afrika Konservator og prosjektleder for Hvalprosjektet ved [email protected] Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, Associate Professor ved National Ora et labora – be og arbeid 35 Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Alf Tore Hommedal [email protected] Alf Tore Hommedal Førsteamanuensis i arkeologi, De kulturhistoriske samlinger, Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Trond Lødøen Å skrive med stil 51 [email protected] Arkeolog og forsker ved Seksjon for ytre kulturminnevern, - stylus frå Nonneseter gjenoppdaga i museets magasin Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Åslaug Ommundsen Åslaug Ommundsen [email protected] Prosjektleder, (Ph.d.) Senter for middelalderstudier - CMS, UiB Fragment fra fortida 56 [email protected] Søren Diinhoff Åslaug Ommundsen Arkeolog og forsker ved Seksjon for ytre kulturminnevern, Janicke Larsen Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Engelen på Engelgården var ikke å se 60 Førstekonservator(Ph.d.) i middelalderarkeologi ved Bryggens [email protected] Janicke Larsen Museum / Bymuseet i Bergen [email protected] Asbjørn Engevik Arkeolog (Ph.d.) og seniorkonsulent, De kulturhistoriske Hager ved norske fyrstasjoner 67 Dagfinn Moe samlinger, Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Dagfinn Moe, Per Harald Salvesen, Per Åsen Professor emeritus, De naturhistoriske samlinger, [email protected] Universitetsmuseet i Bergen «Save the whales» 79 [email protected] Peter Emil Kaland - om restaureringen av en historisk utstilling Professor ved Institutt for biologi, UiB Gordon Turner-Walker [email protected] 100 år med dokumentasjon av bergbilder 87 Trond Lødøen ÅRBOK FOR UNIVERSITETSMUSEET I BERGEN 2011 Storbønder og småkonger fra Vestlandets ældre jernalder 94 Utgitt av Universitetsmuseet I Bergen Telefaks 55 58 93 64 Trykk: Axxo.no Søren Diinhof 16. årgang [email protected] Bergen 2011 www.uib.no/universitetsmuseet Omslag: Mannshode. Detalj fra en restaurert © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen piscina i dagens Bergen Domkirke, tidligere Dødsforestillinger i endring 101 Pris kr 150 fransiskanerkirken. Jfr. s. 43. Foto: Alf Tore Asbjørn Engevik Adresse redaksjon: ISSN 0808-0402 Hommedal Universitetsmuseet i Bergen Osebergutgravingen 111 Harald Haarfagresgt 1, Korrektur: Vedis Bjørndal, Ettertrykk tillat når Årbok for Universitets- - starten på samarbeidet mellom arkeologer og naturhistorikere ved Bergens Museum 5007 Bergen Universitetsmuseet i Bergen museet i Bergen blir oppgitt som kilde Telefon 55 58 93 60 Utforming: Sturla Bang Peter Emil Kaland 5 Universitetsmuseet i Bergen en 29. september 2011 vedtok er en krevende og spennende oppgave både å Bergens Museum. Karen Helle skriver om Nansens foregår med å rengjøre, konservere og rehabilitere styret ved Universitetet i Bergen utvikle nye og rehabiliterte utstillinger, bygg, tid på Bergens Museum, et miljø preget av en den over hundreårige hvalsamlingen ved museet. at museet endrer navn til publikumsfunksjoner og infrastruktur. Vi skal sterk, faglig og internasjonal orientering. Nansens I 2012 er det 100 år siden et av de mest Universitetsmuseet i Bergen. Å skape den beste rammen for kunnskapsformidling forbilder var både ved museet og i byen, og de markante kulturminner på Vestlandet første gang Dvise tydeligere tilknytningen til universitetet og og dialog med publikum, eksterne aktører, inspirerte museets første forskerstudent. I museets ble offentlig kjent; helleristningsfeltet i Vingen i museets rolle som vitenskapelig institusjon var studenter og ansatte. Et slikt møtested kan både samlinger fant Nansen også noen av de dyrene han Bremanger. Trond Lødøen gir en historisk oversikt den viktigste grunnen til navneskiftet. Vi er et gi inspirasjon og hente inn impulser utenfra, som studerte i sin første zoologiske avhandling, som over dette omfattende funnet og arbeidet med å universitetsmuseum der vitenskapelige samlinger, både universitetet og universitetsmuseet trenger. ble publisert i Bergens Museums Skrifter i 1885. avdekke, forvalte og formidle denne kulturskatten. forskning og formidling er våre hovedoppgaver. Det skriver Endre Willassen om i sin artikkel om Folk flest mener nok at Norge ble samlet engang i At vi også unngår navneforvekslinger med andre Bergens Museums aarbog Nansens “makkverk”. Ortwin Bock tar for seg vikingtiden av Harald Hårfagre, men arkeologiske museer i byen som Gamle Bergen og Bergen Endring av navn fører også til at vi endrer navn Nansens doktorarbeid om slimålens nervesystem, funn viser at det i virkeligheten var tale om en Kunstmuseum kan vi se som en liten ekstra fordel. på denne publikasjonen som har vært en viktig og undrer seg over hvorfor hans bidrag til mer langvarig prosess som startet flere hundre Det er likevel med litt vemod at vi nå skifter formidlingskanal og redskap for den allmenne nevrovitenskapen ble helt fortiet da Nobelprisen i år tidligere. Søren Diinhoff understøtter dette ut vårt gamle, ærerike navn: Bergens Museum. folkeopplysningen. Allerede fra de første år medisin ble tildelt forskerne Colgi og Cajal i 1906. i sin artikkel om storgårdene på Vestlandet fra Museets grunnlegger Wilhelm Frimann Koren gav Bergens museum ut en rekke skrifter, både denne tidsepoken. Hvordan forestilte vikingene Christie ville skape et museum etter inspirasjon fra populærvitenskapelige og det faglige tidsskriftet Livet i middelalderbyen seg døden, og hvordan er tilværelsen etter døden? de store museene ute i Europa, som British Museum Urda (1837 – 47). I 1847 kom kvartalsbladet Fragment fra fortida er et samarbeid mellom Dette spør Asbjørn Engevik om i sin artikkel om i London. Kjente profiler som bl.a Christie, Skirner. I 1887 kom serien Bergens Museums Senter for mellomalderstudier (CMS)og våre forfedres forestillinger, om døden og livet Danielssen, Brunchorst, Helland-Hansen, Shetelig skrifter og det populærvitenskapelige tidsskriftet Universitetsmuseet. Her blir universitetets etterpå. og årets jubilant Nansen er bare noen av de mange Naturen, som fremdeles lever og blomstrer. middelalderforskning popularisert gjennom Ikke så mange vet at Universitetsmuseet i som bidro med å bygge museumsinstitusjonen Fra og med 1885 inneholdt Aarsberetningen utstillinger og foredrag. Flere av artiklene i Bergen forvalter en av Europas største samlinger og fagmiljøet på Nygårdshøyden. På slutten av mindre faglige avhandlinger, og fra 1892 fikk årets utgave omhandler hvordan livet var i av beinmateriale, og at UiB er den eneste 1800-tallet hadde Bergens Museum for alvor denne publikasjonen navnet Bergens Museums middelalderbyen Bergen. Åslaug Ommundsen har som utdanner botaniske paleoøkologer her i etablert seg som byens fremste vitenskapelige aarbog. Etter hvert sluttet den å komme ut, men skrevet om selve formidlingsprosjektet . I en annen landet. Et tett samarbeid mellom arkeologer og institusjon. Flere av museets ansatte sto for viktige i 1995 gjenoppstod den som Årbok for Bergen artikkel skriver hun om middelalderens skrift- naturhistorikere startet under utgravningen av vitenskapelige arbeider, som ofte ble publisert Museum. Årboken er blitt utviklet videre og kultur med utgangspunkt i en skrivepinne, en stylus, Osebergskipet i 1904. Dette enestående tverrfaglige i Bergens Museums skrifter. Mange deltok i et presenterer nå populærvitenskapelige artikler, som ble funnet på Nonneseter kloster i Bergen. samarbeid må føres videre her i Bergen, hevder omfattende internasjonalt nettverk, noe du blant først og fremst skrevet av museets egne ansatte. Alf Tore Hommedal gir oss et innblikk i livet i Peter Emil Kaland i årbokens siste artikkel. annet kan lese om i denne utgaven av årboken. I Det er en viss fare for at den nylige middelalderens Bergen med de mange klostrene som 1907 ble den Sundtske Lærestol i Zoologi etablert navneendringen kan skape noe forvirring, fordi bidro til at bergenserne ble kjent med nye impulser Takk ved Bergens Museum. Da startet undervisningen både gamle og nye navnevarianter vil være i fra kontinentet. Som siste del av middelaldertemaet Takket være bidragene fra mange forfatterne, på universitetsnivå i Bergen. Dette miljøet var bruk i artiklene i denne utgaven. Til alt overmål har Janicke Larsen en artikkel om hva det er som håper vi at årets utgave av årboken både er det sentrale da Universitetet i Bergen ble etablert refereres det også i de historiske artiklene til det gjør Bryggen til et unikt kulturminne, og hva spennende og variert. En stor takk til Vedis i 1947. De to adskilte
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