Campylobacters in Poultry: Epidemiology, Ecology and the Potential for Control up to the Point of Slaughter

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Campylobacters in Poultry: Epidemiology, Ecology and the Potential for Control up to the Point of Slaughter PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-THIRD WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE March 7-9, 2004 Sacramento, California WPDC SPECIAL RECOGNITION AWARD G. YAN GHAZIKHANIAN The Western Poultry Disease Conference is proud to present the 2004 WPDC Special Recognition Award to Dr. G. Yan Ghazikhanian. Galestan Yan Ghazikhanian was born in 1937 in Iran. He obtained his DVM from the University of Tehran, Iran, and was presented the Silver Coin Education Medallion by the Shah of Iran for being the top ranked veterinary graduate. He received his MS and PhD in Comparative Pathology from the University of California, Davis. Under the tutelage of Dr. R. Yamamoto, Yan researched Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. synoviae in turkeys. After finishing his PhD, he worked at USDA APHIS as a director of a mobile laboratory in the 1971-72 eradication of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle Disease in Southern California. Since 1974 he has worked at Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms (NTBF), starting as a field and research veterinarian. Currently, Yan is Vice-President and Director of Veterinary Medicine for the company. To everyone at NTBF, he is simply known as Dr. Yan. In his 25 years with NTBF, Yan has established himself as an expert on the diseases and management of turkeys. Many consider him to be “The Man” on just about anything dealing with turkeys. A few of the many accomplishments Yan has made while at NTBF include the eradication of M. meleagridis, M. synoviae, and Salmonella arizonae infections from turkey primary breeding stock. In addition, he continues to research the turkey musculoskeletal system. Yan’s work at NTBF has significantly impacted the improvement of the health and the economic production of turkeys throughout the world. Yan travels a lot and has visited all the major turkey-producing companies in the USA. In fact, he has probably visited most of the turkey companies in Europe and the rest of the world. Yan served as one of the program chairmen for the first WPDC/ANECA joint meeting in 1980. The meeting was held in Acapulco, Mexico, and was a tremendous success and the beginning of a wonderful relationship with ANECA and future joint meetings. In 2001, Yan received the Golden Rooster Award in recognition as the Person of the Year from the California Poultry Federation. In 2002, Yan was recognized by the AAAP with the C.A. Bottorff Award for his significant contributions to the poultry health program in North America. Yan and his wife Cheryl, have two children, Jenia and Stefan. Last year, Yan became a grandfather. Yan has told us that he plans to retire this year. But we hope it won’t be the last we see of him. He is highly respected and sought out for advice by his colleagues, peers and students. He has been an invaluable reference to the western region and the entire poultry industry. ii SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Western Poultry Disease Conference (WPDC) is honored to acknowledge the many contributions to the Conference. The financial contributions provide support for outstanding participants and to help pay for some of the costs of the Conference. Almost 40 organizations, companies and individuals have given substantial financial support. Many companies and organizations, including some that also contribute financially, send speakers at no expense to the Conference. We thank all these people, and acknowledge their support and contribution. We are extremely pleased to acknowledge two contributors at the Benefactor level. They are the American Association of Avian Pathologists and Merial Select, Inc. Once again, our distinguished Patrons, Donors, Sustaining Members, and Friends of the Conference are listed on the following pages. We greatly appreciate their generosity and say thanks to them and their representatives. Dr. Joan Jeffrey Schrader would like to express her thanks to Rhonda Roche of the UC-Davis Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center for her invaluable secretarial assistance with the program, Richard Chin for his vigilance and consistent helpfulness, Dave Frame for his philosophy and experience. Many have provided special services that contribute to the continued success of this conference. The WPDC would like to thank Helen Moriyama, Rebecca Gonzales and Courtney Hufnagle, of the Fresno branch of the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, for their secretarial support. For this year’s meeting, the WPDC has contracted Conference & Event Services, of the University of California, Davis, for providing registration and budgetary support for the conference. We would like to thank Teresa Brown and Jennifer Thayer for their work with our conference. We thank Dr. David Frame for editing and producing another outstanding Proceedings of this meeting. Dr. Frame is indebted to Ms. Sherry Nielson, Senior Secretary of The Utah State University Turkey Research Center, for her wise suggestions, hours of proofreading, and formatting the Proceedings for publication. We express our gratitude to all authors who submitted manuscripts – especially those who followed the instructions and submitted their papers on time! We again acknowledge and thank Ominpress (Madison, WI) for the handling and printing of this year’s Proceedings, and to Microsearch Corporation (Saugus, MA) for their creation of the CD-ROM for this year’s meeting. Once again, we acknowledge Bruce Patrick (Graphic Communications, Brigham Young University) for the cover design, and to Dr. Rocio Crespo for designing the CD cover and label. iii 2004 BENEFACTORS American Association of Avian Pathologists Athens, GA Merial Select, Inc. Gainesville, GA 2004 PATRONS Cobb-Vantress Siloam Springs, AR IDEXX Labs, Inc. Westbrook, ME Intervet Boxmeer, The Netherlands Lohman Animal Health International Gainesville, GA Synbiotics Corporation San Diego, CA 2004 DONORS Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Inc. Foster Poultry Farms, Inc. Guelph, ON, Canada Livingston, CA Alpharma, Inc. Hubbard/B.U.T.A. Salisbury, MD Gainesville, GA Bayer Animal Health Hy-Line International Shawnee Mission, KS Dallas Center, IA Charles River SPAFAS, Inc. Novus International, Inc. Storrs, CT St. Charles, MO Cutler Associates Perdue Farms, Inc. Moorpark, CA Salisbury, MD Elanco / Eli Lilly and Company Sunrise Farms Indianapolis, IN Catskill, NY Fort Dodge Animal Health Veterinary Service, Inc. Overland Park, KS Salida, CA iv 2004 SUSTAINING MEMBERS Aviagen North America Moroni Feed Company, Inc. Huntsville, AL Moroni, UT Embrex, Inc. Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC Sonoma, CA Gemperle Enterprises Orlopp Turkey Breeding Farms Turlock, CA Orosi, CA Marion Hammarlund, DVM Walco International, Inc. Riverside CA Ceres, CA ISA Breeders, Inc. Ithaca, NY 2004 FRIENDS OF THE CONFERENCE Agri Stats, Inc. Lasher Associates, Inc. Fort Wayne, IN Millsboro, DE California Poultry Federation, Inc. Bryan Mayeda, DVM Modesto, CA Sacramento, CA Consortium of California Poultry Extension J. S. West Milling Company Veterinarians Modesto, CA Davis, CA Demler Enterprises Wasco, CA v 53rd WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE OFFICERS PRESIDENT SECRETARY-TREASURER Dr. David Willoughby Dr. Richard P. Chin California Department of Food & Ag California Animal Health & Food Safety 3800 Cornucopia Way, Suite F Laboratory System - Fresno Modesto, CA 95350 2789 S. Orange Ave. Fresno, CA 93725 PROGRAM CHAIR Dr. Joan Jeffrey Schrader CONTRIBUTIONS CHAIR Schering-Plough Corporation Dr. Ken Takeshita Lincoln, NE Western Poultry Disease Conference [email protected] PROGRAM CHAIR-ELECT Dr. Stewart Ritchie LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR Canadian Poultry Consultants Ltd. Dr. Carol Cardona 30325 Canary Court School of Veterinary Medicine Abbotsford, BC V4X2N4 University of California, Davis Canada 1 Shields Ave Davis, CA 95616 PROCEEDINGS EDITOR Dr. David Frame Utah State University Cooperative Extension USU Turkey Research Center 325 West 100 North Ephraim, UT 84627 The Proceedings of the 53rd Western Poultry Disease Conference are not refereed, but are presented as a service and a source of information to those attending the conference and to others who wish to gain some insight as to the information presented. Copies of the Proceedings are available in either hardcopy or electronic (CD) formats. Copies of these Proceedings are available from: Dr. R. P. Chin CAHFS-Fresno University of California, Davis 2789 S. Orange Ave. Fresno, CA 93725 [email protected] Price per copy (includes shipping & handling): US$18.00 for USA shipment. US$15.00 for AAAP members and orders of 5 or more for USA. US$19.00 for Canada and Mexico. US$24.00 for all other countries. Make checks payable to: UC Regents Still available… 50th WPDC Anniversary CD-ROM. Copies can be purchased from the AAAP. Phone: 706-542-5645. Fax: 706-542-0249. E-mail: [email protected]. Web: http://www.aaap.info/ vi WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE (WPDC) HISTORY PRESIDENT PROGRAM CHAIR DEDICATION RECOGNITION 1st WPDC – 1952 A. S. Rosenwald 2nd WPDC – 1953 P. D. DeLay A. S. Rosenwald 3rd WPDC – 1954 C. M. Hamilton Kermit Schaaf 4th WPDC – 1955 E. M. Dickinson W. H. Armstrong 5th WPDC – 1956 D. E. Stover E. E. Jones 6th WPDC – 1957 D. V. Zander H. E. Adler 7th WPDC – 1958 H. E. Adler E. E. Jones 8th WPDC – 1959 R. D. Conrad L. G. Raggi 9th WPDC – 1960 L. G. Raggi A. S. Rosenwald 10th WPDC – 1961 A. S. Rosenwald D. V. Zander 11th WPDC – 1962 D. V. Zander R. V. Lewis 12th WPDC – 1963 R. V. Lewis Walter H. Hughes 13th WPDC – 1964 W. H. Hughes Bryan Mayeda 14th WPDC – 1965 B. Mayeda R. Yamamoto 15th WPDC – 1966 R. Yamamoto David S. Clark 1st sign of Contributors 16th WPDC – 1967 D. S. Clark Roscoe Balch 17th WPDC – 1968 R. Balch Richard McCapes 18th WPDC – 1969 R. McCapes Dean C. Young 19th WPDC – 1970 D. C. Young W. J. Mathey 4th Poultry Health Sym. (PHS) 1st combined WPDC & PHS, 1st listing of distinguished members 20th WPDC – 1971 W. J. Mathey Ramsay Burdett 5th PHS 21st WPDC – 1972 R. Burdett Marion Hammarlund 6th PHS 22nd WPDC – 1973 M. Hammerlund G. W. Peterson 7th PHS 23rd WPDC – 1974 G.
Recommended publications
  • Diagnosis of Gallibacterium Anatis in Layers: First Report in Turkey
    Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X 2019 / v.21 / n.3 / 001-008 Diagnosis of Gallibacterium Anatis in Layers: First Report in Turkey http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1019 Original Article Author(s) ABSTRACT Yaman SI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9998-3806 Gallibacterium anatis, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, leads Sahan Yapicier OII https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-9425 to decrease in egg-production, animal welfare and increase in mortality. I Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, The Health This study aimed to diagnose G. Anatis, which caused economic losses Sciences Institute, Department of Microbiology, in laying hens by using conventional and molecular techniques. In 15030, Burdur, Turkey. II BurdurMehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of this study, G. anatis was examined from a total of 200 dead chicken Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, tissues (heart, liver, lung, spleen and trachea) in laying hen farms 15030, Burdur, Turkey. that observed a decrease in egg production with respiratory system infection. Conventional methods based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation tests and hemolytic properties and molecular conformation using 16S rRNA-23S rRNA specific primers were performed to identify G. anatis. G. anatis was isolated in 20 (10%) of the examined samples and isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR. A total of 11 (2.2%) positivity was obtained as isolates were the result of PCR performed on tissues and organs directly. As a result, the presence of G. anatis was detected for the first time in Turkey by this study. It was thought that G.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 1 of 28 © Crown copyright 2015 Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 2 of 28 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Common Poultry Diseases 1 G
    PS47 Common Poultry Diseases 1 G. D. Butcher, J. P. Jacob, and F. B. Mather2 Respiratory Diseases respiratory distress by obstructing the upper air passages. Chickens may be affected with either or both forms of fowl There are many common and important diseases which can pox at one time. affect the respiratory system (air passages, lungs, air sacs) of poultry (see Table 1). Poultry refers to birds that people Transmission: Fowl pox is transmitted by direct contact keep for their use and generally includes the chicken, between infected and susceptible birds or by mosquitos. turkey, duck, goose, quail, pheasant, pigeon, guinea fowl, Virus-containing scabs also can be sloughed from affected pea fowl, ostrich, emu, and rhea. Due to modern systems birds and serve as a source of infection. The virus can of management, usually with high poultry densities, these enter the blood stream through the eye, skin wounds, or diseases are able to readily spread. respiratory tract. Mosquitos become infected from feeding on birds with fowl pox in their blood stream. There is Fowl Pox some evidence that the mosquito remains infective for life. Synonyms: chicken pox (not to be confused with chicken Mosquitos are the primary reservoir and spreaders of fowl pox in humans; the human disease does not affect poultry pox on poultry ranges. Several species of mosquito can and vice versa), sore head, avian diphtheria, bird pox transmit fowl pox. Often mosquitos winter-over in poultry houses so, outbreaks can occur during winter and early Species affected: Most poultry—chickens, turkeys, pheas- spring. ants, quail, ducks, psittacine, and ratites—of all ages are susceptible.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia
    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia Mirtneh Akalu Yilma ( [email protected] ) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6873 Murthy Bhadra Vemulapati Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Takele Abayneh Tefera Veterinaerinstituttet Martha Yami VeterinaryInstitute Teferi Degefa Negi VeterinaryInstitue Alebachew Belay VeterinaryInstitute Getaw Derese VeterinaryInstitute Esayas Gelaye Leykun Veterinaerinstituttet Research article Keywords: Biovar, Capsular type, Cattle, Ethiopia, Pasteurella multocida Posted Date: January 19th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61749/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/13 Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen associated with pneumonia in cattle. Losses due to pneumonia and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in Ethiopia with limited information about the distribution of capsular serotypes. Hence, this study was designed to determine the phenotypic and capsular serotypes of P. multocida from pneumonic cases of cattle. Methods: A cross sectional study with purposive sampling method was employed in 400 cattle from April 2018 to January 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue samples were collected from clinically suspected pneumonic cases of calves (n = 170) and adult cattle (n = 230). Samples were analyzed using bacteriological and molecular assay. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. Incidence was higher in calves 35 (57.38%) compared to adult cattle 26 (42.62%) at P < 0.5. PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) conrmed P.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Biosecurity and Management Practices on the Prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Clostridium Perfringens in a Poultry Production System
    Effect of biosecurity and management practices on the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Clostridium perfringens in a poultry production system by Katrina Grace English A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2015 Keywords: Biosecurity, management, poultry, survey, bacterial sampling Copyright 2015 by Katrina Grace English Approved by Kenneth S. Macklin, Chair, Extension Specialist and Professor, Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University Manpreet Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Food Sciences, Purdue University Joseph B. Hess, Extension Specialist Professor, Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University Abstract Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and Campylobacter are responsible for 30% of all foodborne illness cases and 50% of foodborne illness hospitalizations in the United States. Many of these cases and outbreaks have been linked to poultry products as the source of contamination. Because of the significant impact these pathogens have on human health, they are direct targets for pathogen reduction programs at various points during poultry production. Pre-harvest control points are the most recent targets for pathogen control due to increasing costs, regulations and the presence of diseases such as Avian Influenza (AI) and Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by C. perfringens. Of particular interest are the specific biosecurity and management practices that influence the transmission of pathogens in the poultry production environment. This study aimed to determine which practices influenced the transmission of Salmonella, C. perfringens, and Campylobacter on commercial poultry farms. In addition, this study collected data on the presence of two novel C. perfringens genes (netB and tpeL) that produce toxins and are associated with the disease NE in poultry.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallibacterium Anatis: an Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds And
    ary Scien in ce r te & e T V e f c h o Journal of Veterinary Science & n n l o o a a l l n n o o r r g g u u Singh, et al., J Veterinar Sci Techno 2016, 7:3 y y o o J J Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000324 ISSN: 2157-7579 Review Article Open Access Gallibacterium anatis: An Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds and Domiciled Birds Shiv Varan Singh, Bhoj R Singh*, Dharmendra K Sinha, Vinodh Kumar OR, Prasanna Vadhana A, Monika Bhardwaj and Sakshi Dubey Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: Dr. Bhoj R Singh, Acting Head of Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tel: +91-8449033222; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Feb 09, 2016; Acc date: Mar 16, 2016; Pub date: Mar 18, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Singh SV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Gallibacterium anatis though known since long as opportunistic pathogen of intensively reared poultry birds has emerged in last few years as multiple drug resistance pathogen causing heavy mortality outbreaks not only in poultry birds but also in other domiciled or domestic birds. Due to its fastidious nature, commensal status and with no pathgnomonic lesions in diseased birds G. anatis infection often remains obscure for diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Poultry Industry Manual
    POULTRY INDUSTRY MANUAL FAD PReP Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness & Response Plan National Animal Health Emergency Management System United States Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • Veterinary Services MARCH 2013 Poultry Industry Manual The Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP)/National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS) Guidelines provide a framework for use in dealing with an animal health emergency in the United States. This FAD PReP Industry Manual was produced by the Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service through a cooperative agreement. The FAD PReP Poultry Industry Manual was last updated in March 2013. Please send questions or comments to: Center for Food Security and Public Health National Center for Animal Health 2160 Veterinary Medicine Emergency Management Iowa State University of Science and Technology US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ames, IA 50011 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Telephone: 515-294-1492 U.S. Department of Agriculture Fax: 515-294-8259 4700 River Road, Unit 41 Email: [email protected] Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1231 subject line FAD PReP Poultry Industry Manual Telephone: (301) 851-3595 Fax: (301) 734-7817 E-mail: [email protected] While best efforts have been used in developing and preparing the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines, the US Government, US Department of Agriculture and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and other parties, such as employees and contractors contributing to this document, neither warrant nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information or procedure disclosed.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Bovine Respiratory Disease Cases in Ethiopia
    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates From Bovine Respiratory Disease Cases in Ethiopia Mirtneh Akalu Yilma ( [email protected] ) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6873 Murthy Bhadra Vemulapati Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Takele Abayneh Tefera Veterinaerinstituttet Martha Yami VeterinaryInstitute Teferi Degefa Negi VeterinaryInstitue Alebachew Belay VeterinaryInstitute Getaw Derese VeterinaryInstitute Esayas Gelaye Leykun Veterinaerinstituttet Research article Keywords: Antibiogram, Biovar, Capsular type, Cattle, Ethiopia, Pasteurella multocida Posted Date: September 9th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61749/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen that causes bovine respiratory disease. This disease is one of an economically important disease in Ethiopia. Losses due to mortality and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in the country. Studies revealed that limited information is available regarding the capsular types, genotypes, and antimicrobial sensitivity of P. multocida isolates circulating in the country. This suggests, further molecular advances to understand the etiological diversity of the pathogens representing severe threats to the cattle population. Results: Bacteriological analysis of nasopharyngeal swab and pneumonic lung tissue samples collected from a total of 400 samples revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. 35 (20.59%) were isolated from calves and 26 (11.30%) from adult cattle. Molecular analysis using PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) amplication was shown in all presumptive isolates. Capsular typing also conrmed the presence of serogroup A (hyaD-hyaC) gene (~1044 bp) and serogroup D (dcbF) gene (~657 bp) from 56 (91.80%) and 5 (8.20%) isolates, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Analysis and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Gallibacterium Anatis Strains from Poultry Timothy J
    Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Publications 1-24-2013 Genome Analysis and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Gallibacterium anatis Strains from Poultry Timothy J. Johnson University of Minnesota Jessica L. Danzeisen University of Minnesota Darrell W. Trampel Iowa State University, [email protected] Lisa K. Nolan Iowa State University, [email protected] Torsten Seemann FMoolnloaswh U thinivser asitndy additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/vmpm_pubs See nePxat pratge of for the addiGetionnomical authors Commons, Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons, Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology Commons, and the Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ vmpm_pubs/2. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genome Analysis and Phylogenetic Relatedness of Gallibacterium anatis Strains from Poultry Abstract Peritonitis is the major disease problem of laying hens in commercial table egg and parent stock operations. Despite its importance, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease have not been completely clarified. Although avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates have been incriminated as the causative agent of laying hen peritonitis, Gallibacterium anatis are frequently isolated from peritonitis lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterioplankton in the Oregon Upwelling System: Distribution, Cell
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Krista Longnecker for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy in Oceanography presented on July 2, 2004. Title: Bacterioplankton in the Oregon UpwellingSystem: Distribution, Cell-specific Leucine Incorporation, and Diversity Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Barry F. Sherr Marine bacterioplankton playan important role in global elemental cycles because they return carbon dioxide and nutrientsto the biosphere as they reduce organic matter. Furthermore, marine bacterioplanktonare not unifonnly active, and subpopulations of the in situ communitymay be more or less active at any given time. Defining whether or not a cell is 'active' isnot without difficulty, and the result varies depending on the assay used, since differentassays examine different physiological processes within a cell. Linking the level of activity ofa cell with its phylogenetic identity is an additional important step inexamination of the role of marine prokaryotes in global elemental cycles. In this project,flow cytometry was used in two ways to examine relative cell-specific metabolic activity inbacterioplankton cells: as relative cell-specific nucleic acidcontent via staining with SYBR Green I, andas ability to reduce sufficient 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride (CTC) to be identified as having an active electrontransport system. Based on flow cytometric sorting of cells labeled with 3H-leucine, thehigh nucleic acid (HNA) cells had higher cell-specific leucine incorporation rates than thelow nucleic acid (LNA) cells. The HNA cells were also responsible for proportionatelymore of the leucine incorporation by the total heterotrophic population. Whilethe CTC-positive cells had higheraverage cell-specific leucine incorporation rates than theHNA cells, their low abundances meant that they were responsible for less than 15% ofthe total leucine incorporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Poultry Health and Disease Control in Developing Countries
    FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS POULTRY DEVELOPMENT REVIEW Poultry health and disease control in developing countries Trevor J. Bagust, Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Australia INTRODUCTION • A specific pathogen is a microbe that is able to cause a spe- In the last half century, significant increases in the productivity cific disease following inoculation of a susceptible host chicken of modern poultry stocks have been achieved for both the meat with a purified culture. For example, avian health research has and the egg production sectors of the global poultry industry. shown that ILT virus is the sole cause of the poultry respiratory Synergies have resulted from advances made in all the major ac- disease syndrome recognized in the field as infectious laryn- tivities of poultry management and housing, nutrition and ration gotracheitis (ILT), while the bacterium Pasteurella multocida is formulation, applying poultry genetics knowledge in commercial the specific cause of another respiratory disease known as sub- breeding programmes and better diagnosis and control of avian acute fowl cholera. diseases. Of all these core elements, poultry health and disease • “Although the relative importance of poultry diseases may dif- can be the least predictable. fer between countries and geographical areas, there are few Although poultry diseases from nutritional and metabolic caus- important diseases that are unique to particular parts of the es can be of concern, the emphasis in this information note is on world” (Biggs, 1982). controlling diseases that are caused by infectious agents, which • At the global level, however, differences in distribution among can exert damaging – and sometimes immediate – negative ef- regions are now apparent, because genetic variants have fects on the profitability of commercial operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Study on Poultry Catastrophic Disease
    Final Study for the Study on Poultry Catastrophic Disease Final Study on Poultry Catastrophic Disease Deliverable 2: Final Study Order Number: D15PD00012 Submitted to: USDA-RMA COTR: Jaime Padget 6501 Beacon Drive Kansas City, Missouri 64133-6205 Submitted by: Watts and Associates, Inc. 4331 Hillcrest Road Billings, Montana59101 Delivery Date: September 30, 2015 This document includes data that shall not be disclosed outside of the Government and shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed, in whole or in part, for any purpose. The Government shall have the right to duplicate, use, or disclose the data to the extent provided in Order No. D15PD00012. All pages of this document are subject to this restriction. Final Study for the Study on Poultry Catastrophic Disease Table of Contents Section I. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 1 Section II. Sector Descriptions ....................................................................................................... 5 II.A. Broiler Sector ..................................................................................................................... 6 II.B. Turkey Sector ................................................................................................................... 12 II.C. Layer Sector ...................................................................................................................... 20 II.D. Game Birds ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]