DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR SAND MINING NAMAKKAL DISTRICT 2019 SALEM DISTRICT COtlCHirTIPALAYANERODE DISTRICT DIVISION ^KU I^TR A PAL^Vlf^ffALUW. SC-KOUI MflCA'l^TAttlK' ^ x vc ERODE DISTRICT ERODE DIVISION yt NAMAKK PAMAUOAtAMmKUK r PARAMATHI VELUR TAiOKl KARURuiuioiywoii DISTRICT INDEX DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT-NAMAKKAL S. No. Particulars Page no 1. Preface 1 2. Introduction 3 2.a Demographics 5 2.b Transport and Communication 5 3. General profile of the District 6 3.a Administrative structure 6 3.b Physiography 8 3.c Geology 9 4. River system- Cauvery 13 4.a Cauvery River 13 4.b Tirumanimuthar 15 4.c Sweta Nadhi 17 4.d Karaipottanar 18 5. Climate Characteristics, humidity and wind 19 5.a Climograph of Namakkal District 20 5.b Temperature graph of Namakkal 20 5.c Rainfall 21 5.d Humidity 21 5.e Wind 23 6. Land Utilisation pattern 25 6.a Soil 26 7. Processes of deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District 27 8. Methodology and Guiding principles 29 8.a Method for calculation of reserves 32 9. Overview of mining activities in the District 33 10. Sand mining in the District - Details of production of sand, Revenue from the sand quarry wise of the District for the last 3 years Quarry wise sand sale and revenue details of Namakkal District for the year 2017-18 34 11. Quarry wise sand sale and revenue details of Namakkal District for the 38 year 2016-2017 12. Quarry wise sand sale and revenue details of Namakkal District for the 42 year 2015-2016 13. Process of Aggradation or Deposition of sediments in the River Cauvery 46 and Coleroon of Trichy District. 13.a Cauvery River Line diagram 48 13.b Cauvery in Tamil Nadu 49 13.c Location Map of Important Anicuts 50 13.d Delta Map of Cauvery 50 13.e Rainfall Pattern along Cauvery basin 51 13.f Geology along Cauvery basin map 52 13.g Shoaling in River bed 53 13.h Reduction of River carrying capacity by shoal formation 53 13.i Siltation problems U/S of anicut 54 13.j Delta of Cauvery Picture 54 14. Details of Field Data 56 14.a Location of CWC gauging site map 56 14.b Calibration study result using HECRAS diagram 57 14.c Location of Mayanur site map 57 14.d Field observations at M.puthur diagram 58 14.e Flow details 1973-2013 diagram 58 14.f Flow details 2013-2014 diagram 59 15. Estimation of sediments 59 15.a Flow regimes pictures 60 15.b Typical HECRAS results with cross section diagram 63 15.c Monthly flow over a decade diagram 65 15.d Sediment depth formation in Cauvery diagram 70 16. Drainage system with description of main rivers 72 17. Salient features of important rivers and streams 72 18. Mineral potential of the District 73 19. Economic impact of mining 74 20. Conclusion/ Recommendation 74 DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR SAND MINING NAMAKKAL DISTRICT 1. PREFACE In compliance to the Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change dated 15-01-2016, the District Survey Report of river sand mining for Namakkal District is prepared. Every effort have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas and overview of mining activity in the District with all its relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth in replenishable and non-replenishable areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report will be a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical setup, environmental and ecological setup of the District and is based on data of various departments, study conducted by renowned institutions, published reports and websites. SURVEY REPORT OF NAMAKKAL DISTRICT As per Gazette Notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, a survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of Water Resources Department, Forest Department, Geology and Mining Department and Revenue Department in the District for preparation for District Survey Report as per sustainable sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of areas of aggradation or deposition where mining can be allowed and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area. 1 The detailed study has been made through IIT, Madras to cover sand mining locations, area and overview of mining activity in the District with all its relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth, replenishable and non-replenishable areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation and geology of the catchment area of the river (or) streams. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stream is decided depending on geomorphology and other factors. The District Survey Report shall form the basis for application for Environmental Clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be updated once in five years. 2 2. INTRODUCTION: Namakkal District is an inland District bounded by Salem District on the north, Karur District on the south, Trichirappalli District on the east and Erode District on the west. It has a total area of 3,49,671 hectares. It lies in between 11° 0’ and 12° 0’ north latitude and 77° 40’ and 78° 5’ east longitude. W-^-E MODE DISTRICT KUMAR APAM WODE. ERODE DISTRICT Namakkal District holds Nature's beauty, historical temples, famous rock fort and hill station i.e. Kolli Hill . The Namakkal town is the District Headquarters and known as the "Egg City" as it contains a number of poultry farms. It finds a place in the map of India for its lorry building industry hence called as “Transport City”. 3 Agriculture, micro to mesoscale industry and Trade play vital role for its economic growth. Principal crops like tapioca, paddy, sugarcane, cotton, coconut, groundnut and various kinds of fruits and vegetables viz. horse gram, turmeric, mango, banana, and gingili are being cultivated in this District. Sago and Starch production in Rasipuram Taluk are exported to other countries. Cotton Spinning Mills and Paper Mills are the major industries in Tiruchengode Taluk. Handloom weaving and power looms are found in Rasipuram, Kumarapalayam and Tiruchengode taluk. Few sugar mills are located in Mohanur and Kumarapalayam Taluk. The District is well known as an abode of several reputed educational institutions. It provides a platform for schooling as well as higher education. As per 2011 census the average literacy rate in the District is 74.63% whereas 82.64% for males and 66.57% for females. The District has several centres of attraction which allures many travellers from local areas and also different parts of the country. Namakkal is also called as “Namagiri”, the name of the rock formation at the center of the town. The Rock Fort in Namakkal is a special feature of the Town. The Fort covers an area of one and half acres of flat surface and is accessible from South-West by a flight of narrow steps. Namakkal is famous because of Sri Namagiri Thayar’s merciness, the greatness of Lakshmi Narasimha cave temple and the greatness of Lord Hanuman. The name Namakkal immediately brings to mind “Namakkal Anjaneya” – the temple of Hanuman at Namakkal. Namakkal is famous for a life-size Hanuman (Anjaneyar) Statue carved out of a single stone in the Anjeneyar Temple. The idol of Hanuman is approx. 18 feet in height, and stands under open sky. It is believed that the Hanuman statue keeps growing and to stop the growth a priest put a magic needle at the top of the statue’s head. The Narasimma Samy Temple along with Amman Temple is situated behind the Rock Fort in the heart of the town. The famous Tamil Poet “Namakkal Kavingnar Ramalingam Pillai” was born in this District. In the memory of the poet, State government has established an arts and science college for women in this District. 4 2.a DEMOGRAPHICS According to 2011 census, Namakkal District had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 150,699 were under the age of six, constituting 78,754 males and 71,945 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20% and 3.3% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the District was 68.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The District had a total of 475,511 households. There were a total of 898,245 workers, comprising 152,497 cultivators, 228,614 main agricultural labourers, 35,156 in house hold industries, 422,885 other workers, 59,093 marginal workers, 5,976 marginal cultivators, 25,112 marginal agricultural labourers, 3,641 marginal workers in household industries and 24,364 other marginal workers. 2.b Transport and Communication The District is well connected by both rail and road transports. The broad gauge line of southern railway can be approached from Salem, Mangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi. Namakkal is connected to the rest of India through National Highway 44 (Asian Highway 43). Other towns and most of the villages are connected by road including State Highways and major District Roads. 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