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Green and Open Space Planning for Urban Consolidation – a Review of the Literature and Best Practice

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Green and Open Space Planning for Urban Consolidation – a Review of the Literature and Best Practice Green and open space planning for urban consolidation – A review of the literature and best practice Author Byrne, Jason, Sipe, Neil Published 2010 Copyright Statement © The Author(s) 2010. The attached file is reproduced here with permission of the copyright owners for your personal use only. No further distribution permitted. For information about this monograph please refer to the publisher's website or contact the authors. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/34502 Link to published version https://www.griffith.edu.au/ Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Green and open space planning for urban consolidation – A review of the literature and best practice Jason Byrne and Neil Sipe Urban Research Program Issues Paper 11 March 2010 THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Green and open space planning for urban consolidation – A review of the literature and best practice Jason Byrne and Neil Sipe Urban Research Program Issues Paper 11 March 2010 The Urban Research Program acknowledges the generous support provided by Brisbane City Council in the production of the Urban Research Program publication series. © Jason Byrne and Neil Sipe Urban Research Program ISBN 978-1-921291-96-8 Griffith University Brisbane, QLD 4111 www.griffith.edu.au/urp All photographs copyright © and were taken by Jason Byrne unless otherwise indicated. Figures 3, 29 & 30 reproduced courtesy of Daniel O’Hare, Bond University. Copyright protects this material. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by any means (photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise), making available online, electronic transmission or other publication of this material is prohibited without the prior written permission of the Urban Research Program. About the Urban Research Program The Urban Research Program (URP) was established in 2003 as strategic research and community engagement initiative of Griffith University. The strategic foci of the Urban Research Program are research and advocacy in an urban regional context. The Urban Research Program seeks to improve understanding of, and develop innovative responses to Australia’s urban challenges and opportunities by conducting and disseminating research, advocating new policy directions, and by providing training assistance. We aim to make the results of our research and advocacy work available as freely and widely as possible. Urban Research Program publication series URP Issues Papers tackle current problems and challenges, and advocate potential new directions in Australian urban policy. URP Research Papers impart findings and conclusions from our research program. The Issues Papers and Research Papers are edited by Stephen Horton, Centre Manager and Adjunct Research Fellow in the Urban Research Program. Email: [email protected]. All URP publications and can be downloaded from our website free of charge: www.griffith.edu.au/urp Hard copies are available for purchase. Contact via email, [email protected]. About the Authors Dr Jason Byrne is a lecturer in the Griffith School of Environment and an academic member of the Urban Research Program. Associate Professor Neil Sipe is head of the planning discipline in the Griffith School of Environment and an academic member of the Urban Research Program. Email: [email protected] [email protected] Acknowledgements This issues paper is based on work completed in a report that was commissioned and funded by the Queensland Department of Infrastructure and Planning. THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Study area .................................................................................................................................................1 What types of spaces are being considered? .......................................................................................2 Scope and purpose of the review .........................................................................................................3 Greenspace research .............................................................................................................3 Density and greenspace interactions....................................................................................................3 Higher density residents and their greenspace needs...................................................................................4 No two parks are the same ..............................................................................................................................5 How built environments affect greenspace use............................................................................................7 Reasons to provide greenspace.............................................................................................................7 Ecological benefits ............................................................................................................................................9 Social benefits.....................................................................................................................................................9 Economic benefits.............................................................................................................................................9 Synopsis....................................................................................................................................................9 A typology of urban green/open spaces............................................................................. 10 Parks........................................................................................................................................................10 Plazas ......................................................................................................................................................14 A typology of plazas........................................................................................................................................16 Urban trails/greenways ........................................................................................................................16 Streets .....................................................................................................................................................17 Synopsis..................................................................................................................................................19 Planning standards .............................................................................................................20 Standards vs. needs...............................................................................................................................20 Factors affecting park and green and open space use .....................................................................22 Safety .................................................................................................................................................................22 Cultural differences .........................................................................................................................................22 Aesthetics..........................................................................................................................................................22 Time, transport, attitudes, preferences & ability ........................................................................................22 Needs-based assessments ....................................................................................................................23 Best practice in needs-based greenspace planning.....................................................................................24 Synopsis..................................................................................................................................................24 Best planning practice in green/open space assessment ..................................................24 Greenspace needs assessment in inner Brisbane..............................................................................26 Walking and cycling distance.........................................................................................................................26 Characterising greenspace in the study area................................................................................................26 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study area.................................................................................26 Synopsis..................................................................................................................................................27 Australian case studies........................................................................................................27 East Perth, WA .....................................................................................................................................27 Darling Harbour, Sydney, NSW .........................................................................................................28 Federation Square, Melbourne, VIC..................................................................................................29 Southbank, Brisbane,
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