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Sistem Jaringan Pelayanan Dan Prasarana Transportasi Di Kabupaten

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Sistem Jaringan Pelayanan Dan Prasarana Transportasi Di Kabupaten SISTEM JARINGAN PELAYANAN DAN PRASARANA TRANSPORTASI DI KABUPATEN MAPPI PROVINSI PAPUA MINISTERING NETWORK SYSTEM AND PRASARANA IS TRANSPORTATION AT REGENCY MAPPI PAPUAN PROVINCE S. Kamran Aksa LPPM Univ. 45 Makassar email: [email protected] Diterima: 3 Februari 2014, Revisi 1: 24 Februari 2014, Revisi 2: 13 Maret 2014, Disetujui: 21 Maret 2014 ABSTRAK Kabupaten Mappi dari segi geografis memiliki potensi yang besar, mengingat terdapat Laut Arafura dan dilalui ALKI III. Kabupaten Mappi merupakan jalur perlintasan ke arah timur dan utara Provinsi Papua Bagian Selatan melalui Sungai Digul arah Kabupaten Boven Digoel. Sistem jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan Kabupaten Mappi yang nantinya dapat mendukung Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi di Koridor Ekonomi VI Papua–Kepulauan Maluku, khusus di Provinsi Papua. Makalah ini dimaksudkan mewujudkan pola jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan transportasi dan bertujuan untuk mewujudkan sistem transportasi dan pelayanan transportasi yang efesien, efektif, dan harmonis dalam menunjang dinamika pembangunan. Berdasarkan hasil diperloleh menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kinerja jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan transportasi Kabupaten Mappi termasuk kategori kurang, hal ini terlihat dari hasil penilaian transportasi jalan, sungai dan penyeberangan, laut dan udara. Nilai kinerja jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan transportasi jalan termasuk terkecil dibandingkan dengan nilai moda transportasi sungai dan penyeberangan, laut dan udara. Kata kunci: jaringan, prasarana, pelayanan ABSTRACT Mappi’s regency of facet geographicaling to have big potency, remember available Oceanic Arafura and passed through by III. ALKI. Mappi’s regency constitute band about eastwards trajectory and Province north Papuan Austral through digul’s River aims Boven Digoel’s Regency. prasarana’s network system and Mappi’s Regency service that its following gets to back up velocity and Economic Development extension at Economic Corridor VI Papua–Kepulauan Moluccas, special at Papuan Province. This therefore meaning to render prasarana’s network pattern and transportation service and intent to render transportation system and transportation service that efesien, effective, and harmonious deep prop development dynamics. Base diperloleh’s result point out network performance average value prasarana and Regency transportation service Mappi comprises reducing category, it visually of yielding transportation estimation clears a root, an river and crossing, salt water and air. Network performance point prasarana and transportation service clears a root to comprise most little was compared with to assess river transportation ne and crossing, salt water and air. Keywords: network, infrastructure, service PENDAHULUAN Sejalan dengan semangat otonomi daerah dewasa menentukan dalam memacu perkembangan ini, pemerintah kabupaten/kota berusaha berbagai sektor khususnya sektor ekonomi. semaksimal mungkin untuk membangun Transportasi merupakan urat nadi kehidupan daerahnya termasuk penyediaan fasilitas berbangsa dan bernegara yang mempunyai fungsi transportasi, tidak dapat dipungkiri keberadaan penggerak, pendorong dan penunjang fasilitas transportasi suatu daerah sangat pembangunan serta sistem yang terdiri dari sarana Sistem Jaringan Pelayanan dan Prasarana Transportasi di Kabupaten Mappi Provinsi Papua, S. Kamran Aska 215 dan prasarana yang didukung oleh tata laksana dan Sistem jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan di sumber daya manusia membentuk jaringan Kabupaten Mappi dilakukan dalam upaya prasarana dan jaringan pelayanan. peningkatan pelayanan transportasi baik keandalan Kabupaten Mappi dari segi geografis memiliki maupun kelaikan sarana dan prasarana potensi yang besar, mengingat pada bagian selatan transportasi, serta peningkatan keterpaduan antar terdapat garis pantai sepanjang 215 km, yang mana dan intramoda transportasi, disesuaikan dengan terdapat Laut Arafura, suatu alur pelayaran perkembangan ekonomi, tingkat kemajuan internasional atau termasuk dalam Alur Laut teknologi, kebijakan tata ruang dan lingkungan, Kepulauan Indonesia III (ALKI III), dari tiga ALKI sehingga dapat mendukung Percepatan dan yang ditetapkan di Indonesia. Selain itu Kabupaten Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi di Koridor Mappi juga merupakan jalur perlintasan ke arah Ekonomi VI Papua–Kepulauan Maluku, pada timur dan utara Provinsi Papua Bagian Selatan umumnya dan percepatan pembangnan Provinsi melalui Sungai Digul arah Kabupaten Boven Digoel, Papua khususnya. sehingga memiliki nilai tambah bila potensi ini Makalah ini dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan pola dikembangkan. jaringan prasarana dan pelayanan transportasi Pelayanan dan prasarana transportasi di Kabupaten yang terpadu dan handal antar wilayah di Mappi masih terbatas yang disebabkan termasuk Kabupaten Mappi. Sedangkan tujuannya untuk daerah yang umumnya dilalui alur sungai dan mewujudkan sistem transportasi dan pelayanan rawa. Sistem transportasi belum melayani bagian transportasi yang efisien, efektif, dan harmonis pelosok dan pedalaman, sehingga jalur transportasi dalam menunjang dan sekaligus menggerakkan yang ada umumnya sungai dan anak sungai. dinamika pembangunan, meningkatkan mobilitas Sementara jaringan jalan masih terbatas dan hanya manusia dan/atau barang kecamatan dalam disekitar ibukota distrik saja. Kesulitan masyarakat kabupaten, antar kabupaten/pulau dan terutama di daerah pinggiran sulit berinteraksi mendukung pembangunan ekonomi wilayah dengan ibukota distrik, disebabkan aksesibilitas dengan terciptanya pola distribusi wilayah yang pelayanan transportasi sungai dan jalan terbatas mantap dan dinamis, serta pengembangan wilayah hanya dalam distrik serta aksesibilitas yang yang berwawasan lingkungan. menghubungkan antar desa-desa dengan menggunakan kapal tradisional. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Keterpaduan antar dan intermoda mengakibatkan Pengembangan jaringan pelayanan dan prasarana pelayanan dari pintu ke pintu belum optimal dan transportasi di Provinsi Papua untuk meningkatkan tingginya biaya transportasi khususnya transportasi jaringan prasarana transportasi jalan terhadap jalan dan sungai. Tarif angkutan transportasi moda unggulan transportasi udara, sehingga terutama angkutan udara dinilai belum dapat percepatan pembangunan jaringan jalan lintas terjangkau secara maksimal oleh semua tingkatan Papua dapat terwujud untuk menunjang MP3EI, masyarakat sehingga pelayanan transportasi tidak MP3KI, KPI. Disamping itu, fasilitas dermaga dapat dirasakan secara maksimal oleh semua sungai besar seperti di kawasan Sungai kalangan, dan kurangnnya frekuensi moda Mambramo, Digul, maupun Pomako. Pelayanan transportasi sungai/penyeberangan, dan udara trayek transportasi sungai dapat ditetapkan trayek yang melayani rute-rute tertentu di Kabupaten tetap dan membuka trayek baru potensial. Mappi sementara kecenderungan permintaan Penggunaan moda transportasi yang paling efisien semakin meningkat. dan efektif pada suatu wilayah perlu Jarak antar distrik sangat bervariatif mulai yang dipertimbangkan, bilamana dukungan potensi dekat sampai dengan yang paling jauh atau terluar wilayah serta jaringan prasarana tersedia. Provinsi sehingga aksesibilitas transportasi jalan belum Papua dengan potensi sungai yang besar dapat terhubung dan sungai berperan sebagai moda diberdayakan dengan memadukan antara yang pelayanannya lebih mudah, sehingga prasarana transportasi jalan, laut, maupun udara memerlukan waktu tempuh yang relatif lama. (Balitbang, 2012). Disamping itu, tingkat keselamatan dan Terbatasnya jaringan jalan yang telah terbangun kenyamanan transportasi sungai penyeberangan baik menghubungkan ibukota kabupaten dengan dan masih rendah baik untuk penumpang kabupaten maupun ibukota kabupaten (AKDP) maupun barang. seperti halnya dengan Kabupaten Merauke dengan 216 Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, Volume 26, Nomor 4, April 2014 Kabupaten Mappi serta kabupaten dengan ibukota untuk menghubungkan antar distrik pada ujung provinsi (AKAP), khususnya jaringan jalan Lintas jalan dengan pembangunan dermaga-dermaga Provinsi Papua, dan belum tersedianya pelayanan beton di setiap Distrik Kabupaten Mappi agar dapat AKAP ke negera tetangga Papua New Guinea (BPI, memudahkan kelancaran operasional pelabuhan 2012). Kabupaten Mappi sudah terhubung dengan maupun penyeberangan, aktivitas bongkar muat Kabupaten Merauke dengan melalui darat dan serta mendirikan bangunan gudang untuk sungai dengan medan jalan tanah rusak parah pada penyimpanan barang dan tempat penumpukan waktu musim hujan. barang serta parkir di area pelabuhan. Disamping itu, pernambahan/perpanjangan bandara (run- Provinsi Papua ditinjau dari Pelayanan transportasi way) agar dapat didarati pesawat berkapasitas masih bersifat parsial dan keterbatasan lebih besar untuk mengangkut penumpang dan keterpaduan, hal ini dapat dilihat keterbatasan barang, sejenis Foker 27/28 dan ATR. aksesibilitas antar wilayah melalui transportasi jalan dan faktor inilah salah satu penyebab sehingga membutuhkan transportasi udara sebagai moda METODOLOGI PENELITIAN transportasi unggulan, meskipun membutuhkan Metodologi yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini biaya operasional yang tinggi. Program adalah melalui pendekatan teoritis dengan cara pembangunan jaringan jalan lintas Papua masih melaksanakan studi literatur (desk study) dan membutuhkan waktu dan biaya yang cukup besar pendekatan praktis dengan melaksanakan survai untuk mewujudkannya mengingat kondisi lapang. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan topografi yang menantang, apalagi untuk melalui survai instansional, khususnya Bappeda, memenuhi standar geometrik
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