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Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae (Zlatěnkovití)

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Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae (Zlatěnkovití) ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 16.xi.2007 Supplementum 11, pp. 41-63 ISSN 0231-8571 Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae (zlatěnkovití) Pavel TYRNER Tylova 2073, CZ-436 01 Litvínov, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents a checklist of Chrysididae of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. So far 98 species are known from the Czech Republic (81 from Bohemia, 91 from Moravia), and 124 species from Slovakia. Chrysis valida Mocsáry, 1912 (Bohemia and Moravia), C. leptomandibularis Niehuis, 2000 (Bohemia and Moravia), C. phryne Abeille de Perrin, 1878 (Moravia), and C. subsinuata Marquet, 1879 (Moravia) are new for the Czech Republic; C. grohmanni Dahlbom, 1854 and C. chrysostigma Mocsáry, 1889 are new for Bohemia; Hedychridium krajniki Balthasar, 1946, Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856, and C. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951 are new for Moravia. Cleptes splendens (Fabricius, 1793), Pseudomalus triangulifer Abeille de Perrin, 1877, Hedychridium mediocrum Linsenmaier, 1987, Chrysis cerastes Abeille de Perrin, 1877, C. equestris Dahlbom, 1845, C. leptomandibularis, C. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951, C. pyrrhina Dahlbom, 1845, C. separata Trautmann, 1926, C. valida, and Chrysura fi liformis Mocsáry, 1889 are new for Slovakia. Several problems in synonymy are explained. Trichrysis pumilionis Linsenmaier, 1987 is accepted as a new valid name for Chrysidea pumila (Klug, 1845). Keywords: Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Chrysididae, checklist, new records, Czech Republic, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia Introduction The family Chrysididae is distributed all Čeleď zlatěnkovití (Chrysididae) je roz- over the World and contains more than 3,000 šířena po celém světě a čítá více než 3 000 species; moreover, about 1,000 species are druhů, přičemž okolo 1 000 druhů bude prav- expected to be found and described (KIMSEY děpodobně ještě objeveno a popsáno (KIMSEY & BOHART 1990). The family is divided into & BOHART 1990). Dělíme ji do čtyř podčeledí, four subfamilies, two of them (Cleptinae and z nichž dvě (Cleptinae a Chrysidinae) žijí i Chrysidinae) occur in central Europe. The ve střední Evropě. Druhově početná podče- species rich subfamily Chrysidinae contains leď Chrysidinae zahrnuje triby Allosceliini, tribes Allosceliini, Elampini, Chrysidini, and Elampini, Chrysidini a Parnopini a kromě BOGUSCH P., STRAKA J. & KMENT P. (eds.) 2007: Annotated checklist of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera) of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Komentovaný seznam žahadlových blanokřídlých (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) České republiky a Slovenska. 300 pp. 42 TYRNER: Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae (zlatěnkovití) Parnopini and except for the fi rst one, all of prvního zmíněného se jejich zástupci vysky- them occur in Central Europe. tují i ve střední Evropě. Chrysidids are distributed over all zoogeo- Zlatěnky se vyskytují ve všech zoogeogra- graphical regions but mainly in subtropical fi ckých oblastech, avšak zejména v subtro- and tropical zones. Almost all chrysidids are pických a tropických zónách. Téměř všechny thermophilous and heliophilous. They are zlatěnky jsou teplomilné a světlomilné (helio- on wings only in sunny hours, occurring on fi lní), aktivní jsou tedy především za slunečné- sandy and loess sites, steppes, rocky steppes, ho počasí. Najdeme je převážně na písčitých semideserts and deserts; they search for clay a sprašových stanovištích, stepích, skalních brick walls, stone walls, reed roofs, and any stepích, v polopouštích a pouštích. Obvykle places where their hosts may occur and nest hledají zdi z nepálených cihel nebo kamenité down. Some of them inhabit forests and fi nd stěny, rákosové střechy a veškerá místa, kde nesting hosts in wood (BALTHASAR 1954). se vyskytují a hnízdí jejich hostitelé. Některé Pronouncedly, oreophilous species are the zlatěnky obývají také lesy a cizopasí u hos- only exceptions and will be found only in big titelů hnízdících ve dřevě. Vysloveně horské mountain ranges (e.g., in the Alps). Some of druhy jsou výjimkou a najdeme je jen v roz- the thermophilous species reach the northern lehlých pohořích (např. v Alpách). Některé border of their distribution on the surveyed teplomilné druhy dosahují severní hranice area. Within Europe the number of species rozšíření právě v oblastech České republiky decrease rapidly towards north. a Slovenska. V Evropě výrazně klesá počet Though chrysidids are generally colour- druhů směrem k severu. ful insects displaying a variety of metallic I když jsou zlatěnky obecně pestrý hmyz colours, in some species parts of their bodies skvící se množstvím kovových barev, něk- or even the whole body are nonmetallic. Body teré druhy maji části těla nebo dokonce integument is, with several exceptions, hea- celé tělo nekovově zbarvené. Povrch těla je vily sclerotised (BALTHASAR 1954). Chrysidids silně sklerotizovaný. Zlatěnky mají menší have a reduced number of exposed meta- počet viditelných zadečkových článků ve somal segments compared to other groups of srovnání s ostatními skupinami žahadlových Aculeata. Both Elampini and Chrysidini pos- blanokřídlých. Elampini a Chrysidini mají sess three visible metasomal segments with tříčlánkový zadeček a nevykazují žádný no sexual dimorphism in number, Parno- pohlavní dimorfi smus v počtu skleritů, u tribu pini have four segments in males and three Parnopini mají samci čtyři a samice tři vidi- segments in females. The shape of apical telné články. Tvar posledního tergitu je pak tergum is characteristic for various taxa druhově specifi cký a je jedním z důležitých and serves as one of the main characters for determinačních znaků. identifi cation. U zlatěnek najdeme více typů životních Chrysididae exhibit more diverse foraging strategií než u příbuzných čeledí Dryinidae habits than other Chrysidoidea (Dryinidae or a Bethylidae. Některé druhy jsou hnízdními Bethylidae). The Chrysididae include brood kleptoparazity, jiné ektoparazitoidy nebo parasites, ectoparasitoids and endoparasito- endoparatzitoidy, a najdeme zde i jediné ids, including the only egg parasitoid among vaječné parazitoidy mezi žahadlovými bla- aculeate Hymenoptera. Most species are nokřídlými. Většina druhů žije solitérně, ale solitary feeders, but a few feed gregariously larvální stadia některých druhů se vyvíjejí as larvae (O’NEILL 2001). gregaricky. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Supplementum 11, 2007 43 Females of the subfamily Cleptinae search Samice podčeledi Cleptinae hledají trees or litter beneath trees or herbs, for na stromech, v hrabance pod stromy či cocoons containing mature living larvae of na bylinách kokony s dospělými larvami sawfl ies (Diprionidae and Tenthredinidae). pilatek (Diprionidae a Tenthredinidae). Female cleptines chew a hole in each host Do kokonu vykoušou otvor a nakladou jed- cocoon, deposit a single egg within, and then no vajíčko, pak kokon opět uzavřou. Larva seal the opening. The larvae of Cleptinae com- se vyvíjí i kuklí uvnitř kokonu. plete their development and pupate within Zástupci podčeledi Chrysidinae jsou host cocoons (KIMSEY & BOHART 1990). hnízdními parazity a ektoparaziotidy. Kro- The subfamily Chrysidinae consists of mě několika výjimek u rodu Praestochrysis brood parasites and ectoparasitoids. With the Linsenmaier, 1959, jehož zástupci jsou exception of few Praestochrysis Linsenmaier, parazitoidy u motýlů, jsou hostiteli zlatěnek 1959 that are parasitoids of Lepidoptera, they solitérní žahadloví blanokřídlí (včely, kutil- attack solitary aculeate bees and wasps of al- ky, jízlivky, hrabalky atd.). Většina zlatěnek most all families. Most brood chrysidines lay klade vajíčka na potravu až uvnitř hnízda their eggs on prey within host nests but several hostitele, ale některé druhy kladou už na of them oviposit their eggs on the hunted host čerstvě ulovenou kořist hostitele ještě dříve, prey before those are taken into the nest. There než je umístěna do hnízda. Můžeme rozlišit are two categories of oviposition timing; the dva typy časování vývoje parazita: v prvním fi rst type is represented by Stilbum cyanurum případě (u druhu Stilbum cyanurum (Förster, (Förster, 1771) and Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845 1771) a rodu Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845) species. Following oviposition, the chrysidid se larva zlatěnky líhne hned, ale setrvává larva hatches immediately but remains in the v prvním instaru a nepřijímá potravu, dokud fi rst instar and does not feed until the host larva hostitele nedokončí svůj vývoj. V dru- larva has fully developed. In the second type, hém případě, který je typický pro zlatěnky which is represented by Chrysis Linnaeus, rodu Chrysis Linnaeus, 1767, samice klade 1767 species, the female oviposits at about the vajíčko zhruba v době, kdy larva hostitele time the host reaches the prepupal stage, so dosáhne prepupálního stadia; larva zlatěnky that the chrysidid can hatch and immediately se pak líhne hned a okamžitě začíná svůj žír begin feeding on a large host (O’NEILL 2001, na velké vyvinuté larvě hostitele. KIMSEY & BOHART 1990). Tento seznam není jen aktualizací fau- This checklist is meant to be a response nistických a taxonomických změn v České not only to changes in taxonomy but to republice a na Slovensku, ale snaží se rovněž changes and dynamism of the fauna caused přiblížit pohyby fauny teplomilných druhů by the climate change, as well. Although the v souvislosti se změnami klimatu. I když distribution of Chrysididae species in the je rozšíření zlatěnek v České republice a na Czech and Slovak Republics is relatively well Slovensku celkem dobře známo a řadu let jej known, due to the increasing rate of research monitoruje
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