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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Effects of Scroll Bar Orientation and Item Justification in Using List Box Widgets
Effects of scroll bar orientation and item justification in using list box widgets G. Michael Barnes Erik Kellener California State University Northridge Hollywood Online Inc. 18111 Nordhoff Street 1620 26th St., #370S Northridge, CA 91330-8281 USA Santa Monica, CA 90404 +1 818 677 2299 +1 310 586 2020 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract List boxes are a common user interface component in graphical user interfaces. In practice, most list boxes use right-oriented scroll bars to control left-justified text items. A two way interaction hypothesis favoring the use of a scroll bar orientation consistent with list box item justification was obtained for speed of use and user preference. Item selection was faster with a scroll bar orientation consistent with list item justification. Subjects preferred left- oriented scroll bars with left-justified items and right-oriented scroll bars with right-oriented items. These results support a design principle of locality for user interface controls and controlled objects. Keywords List widgets, scroll bar, graphical user interface design, usability study Introduction This electronic publication is an updated statistical analysis of Erik Kellener’s unpublished masters’ thesis, “Are GUI Ambidexterous” completed at California State University Northridge, CA. 1996. List boxes are used in many graphical user interfaces (GUI) today. Whether its a desktop P.C., a personal digital assistant (PDA) or an information kiosk at the grocery store, list boxes are integrated into most GUIs. The list box GUI component is usually present in an interface that asks a user to make a selection from a list of items. The size of the list of items can vary significantly, however the screen area required by a list box is usually fixed. -
How to Create and Maintain a Table of Contents
How to Create and Maintain a Table of Contents How to Create and Maintain a Table of Contents Version 0.2 First edition: January 2004 First English edition: January 2004 Contents Contents Overview........................................................................................................................................ iii About this guide..........................................................................................................................iii Conventions used in this guide................................................................................................... iii Copyright and trademark information.........................................................................................iii Feedback.....................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................... iv Modifications and updates..........................................................................................................iv Creating a table of contents.......................................................................................................... 1 Opening Writer's table of contents feature.................................................................................. 1 Using the Index/Table tab ...........................................................................................................2 Setting -
Screencreator Menus and Toolbars
14 ScreenCreator Menus and Toolbars Chapter . Scr Menu Cr Menu Menu Librar Menu T Menu Menu Pr Menu Menu 4–2 The Menus and Toolbars ScreenCreator Menus The Screen Menu The Screen menu contains commands for creating a new screen, opening, closing or deleting screens, as well as printing a screen and editing all screen colors. If the Screen menu command can also be called by a Standard Toolbar tool, the tool is shown below the menu command. The large Screen menu on the near right is available when a screen is open. The small Screen menu on the Toolbars far right is available if no screen is open. The Menus and Screen > New creates and opens a new Untitled screen. Screen > Open... calls the Open Screen dialog box, allowing you to select and open a screen. Menus and Toolbars Selecting Simple Display is the opposite of Details in other Windows Open boxes and only shows the screen icons. 4–3 The Menus and Toolbars Screen > Open... Clicking Select... brings up the normal Windows Select Folder box. The Preview function can be The Menus and very useful for selecting the Toolbars right screen. All screens of the current project are shown. Screen > Close does just that, closes the selected screen. Screen > Save simply saves the current screen, with any changes you may have made. and Toolbars Menus 4–4 The Menus and Toolbars Screen > Save As... calls the Save Screen dialog box, allowing you to save the current screen (under a different name or under a different registration number). Compile When Saving can be deselected to allow creating and saving screens without assigning PLC addresses to parts. -
Zoomtext Quick Reference Guide Version 10
ZoomText Quick Reference Guide version 10 Contents Welcome to ZoomText 10 ................ 3 Cursor Enhancements ............................24 System Requirements ............................... 4 Focus Enhancements ..............................25 Installing ZoomText ................................. 5 Font Enhancements .................................26 Activating ZoomText ............................... 6 Desktop Finder ........................................27 Starting ZoomText .................................... 8 Web Finder ...............................................28 ZoomText User Interface ......................... 9 Text Finder ...............................................31 Enabling and Disabling ZoomText ...... 11 Smooth Panning ......................................33 Magnifier Toolbar .......................... 12 Reader Toolbar .............................. 35 Setting the Magnification level ............. 13 Turning Speech On and Off ...................36 Selecting a Zoom Window .................... 14 Adjusting the Speech Rate .....................37 Adjusting a Zoom Window ................... 16 Synthesizer Settings ................................38 Using the Freeze Window ..................... 17 Typing Echo .............................................39 Using View Mode ................................... 18 Mouse Echo ..............................................40 Dual Monitor Support ............................ 19 Verbosity...................................................41 Color Enhancements ............................. -
Summary of March 12, 2013 FTC Guide, “Dot Com Disclosures” by Susan D
Originally published in the American Advertising Federation Phoenix Chapter Newsletter (June 2013) Summary of March 12, 2013 FTC Guide, “Dot Com Disclosures” By Susan D. Brienza, Attorney at Ryley Carlock & Applewhite “Although online commerce (including mobile and social media marketing) is booming, deception can dampen consumer confidence in the online marketplace.” Conclusion of new FTC Guide on Disclosures The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) has broad powers to regulate and monitor all advertisements for goods and services (with the exception of a few industries such as banking and aviation)— advertisements in any medium whatsoever, including Internet and social media promotions. Under long-standing FTC statutes, regulations and policy, all marketing claims must be true, accurate, not misleading or deceptive, and supported by sound scientific or factual research. Often, in order to “cure” a potentially deceptive claim, a disclaimer or a disclosure is required, e.g., “The following blogs are paid reviews.” Recently, on March 12, 2013, the Federal Trade Commission published a revised version of its 2000 guide known as Dot Com Disclosures, after a two-year process. The new FTC staff guidance, .com Disclosures: How to Make Effective Disclosures in Digital Advertising, “takes into account the expanding use of smartphones with small screens and the rise of social media marketing. It also contains mock ads that illustrate the updated principles.” See the FTC’s press release regarding its Dot Com Disclosures guidance: http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2013/03/dotcom.shtm and the 53-page guide itself at http://ftc.gov/os/2013/03/130312dotcomdisclosures.pdf . I noted with some amusement that the FTC ends this press release and others with: “Like the FTC on Facebook, follow us on Twitter. -
Horizontally Scrollable Listboxes for Windows 3.X, Using C++
Horizontally Scrollable ListBoxes for Windows 3.x, using C++ Ted Faison Ted is a writer and developer, specializing in Windows and C++. He has authored two books on C++, and has been programming in C++ since 1988. He is president of Faison Computing, a firm which develops C++ class libraries for DOS and Windows. He can be reached at [email protected] List boxes are among the most commonly used child controls in Windows applications. List boxes are typically used to show lists of files, fonts, or other variable-length lists of textual information. To add a list box to a dialog box, you generally edit a resource file, using programs such as Microsoft's Dialog Editor or Borland's Resource Workshop. Windows handles most of the list box details transparently. For example, if you add strings to a list box, Windows will automatically put a scroll bar on the control when the list box contains more strings than can be displayed in the client area of the list box. Windows handles scroll bar events - such as moving the thumb or clicking the up/down arrows - without any need for user code. Displaying a list of files in a list box is a somewhat easy task, because filenames have a predefined maximum number of characters. When you create the list box resource, you will generally make the control wide enough to display the longest filename. But what if you use a list box to display strings of varying and unknown length, such as the names of people or the titles of your CD collection ? You could obviously make the list box wide enough to accommodate the widest string you expect, but that would not only look pretty bad, but also waste a great deal of space on the screen. -
Listbox User Manual
LISTBOX USER MANUAL (Version: 1.2, December2015) This guide explains how to use the basic functionalities of the ListBox v 4.2. www.athensa.tv Legal notice The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitt ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the prior written permission of ATHENSA LLC. The software, described in this manual, is owned by DMT Ltd and ATHENSA LLC. It is protected by Bulgarian Copyright Law, as well as by international copyright treaties, and may be used or copied only in accordance with the license agreement. ATHENSA LLC provides this manual “as is” without any warranty, either express, or implied. This publication may contain typographical errors or technical inaccuracies. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, ATHENSA LLC assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages, resulting from the use of the information, contained herein. Changes are periodically made to the information herein. They will be incorporated in new versions of the manual. Please, check the ATHENSA website regularly for User Manual updates. DMT Ltd. and/or ATHENSA may introduce changes or improvements in the products, described in this manual at any time, without any special notice. Please, address your comments or questions to: ATHENSA LLC 2970 Clairmont Road NE, Suite 640, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA Tel. +1 (404) 424 9283 Fax +1 (404) 835 1705 [email protected] https://athensa.tv/ 2 Contents LEGAL NOTICE.............................. -
Insert a Hyperlink OPEN the Research on First Ladies Update1 Document from the Lesson Folder
Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink OPEN the Research on First Ladies Update1 document from the lesson folder. 1. Go to page four and select the Nancy Reagan picture. 2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the Hyperlink button to open the Insert Hyperlink dialog box. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box opens. By default, the Existing File or Web Page is selected. There are additional options on where to place the link. 3. Key http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/ in the Address box; then click OK. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is how the data is transfer to the external site through the servers. The picture is now linked to the external site. 4. To test the link, press Ctrl then click the left mouse button. When you hover over the link, a screen tip automatically appears with instructions on what to do. 5. Select Hilary Clinton and repeat steps 2 and 3. Word recalls the last address, and the full address will appear once you start typing. You have now linked two pictures to an external site. 6. It is recommended that you always test your links before posting or sharing. You can add links to text or phrases and use the same process that you just completed. 7. Step by Step: Insert a Hyperlink 8. Insert hyperlinks with the same Web address to both First Ladies names. Both names are now underlined, showing that they are linked. 9. Hover over Nancy Reagan’s picture and you should see the full address that you keyed. -
How to Hyperlink Documents in Text Windows
How-To Hyperlink Documents in Text Windows Summary: Steps to add a document hyperlink inside a text window. These links can also reside in a table inside the Text window. (This also works for events and news components). Getting to the webpage: Travel to the page you want to work on by clicking on the Site Section name then the red Content Page button. Find and click on the name of your page in the list….. OR, if you have already visited the page, choose it from your dropdown on the Admin Home. Choose the component: Find the component you wish to work on from either Window #1 or Window #2 and click the green Edit button Hyperlinking Steps 1. Inside the Text Window, highlight the word(s) you wish to use as your document hyperlink 2. If the word is already hyperlinked, highlight the word and choose to remove the link 3. Find the Insert Document (pdf) icon on the window toolbar and click it 4. Click on the Upload icon at the top right of the Insert Document pop up window 5. Click the Please select files to upload button and navigate to your document 6. Highlight the document and choose Open SCRIC | How-To Hyperlink Documents In Text Windows 1 7. You will now see your document at the top of the Insert Document pop up window. 8. You can choose here to have the document open in a new window if you like by clicking on the dropdown called Target (it will open in a new window when viewers click on the document hyperlink) 9. -
Libreoffice
LibreOffice: What©s New ? Michael Meeks <[email protected]> mmeeks, #libreoffice-dev, irc.freenode.net “Stand at the crossroads and look; ask for the ancient paths, ask where the good way is, and walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls...” - Jeremiah 6:16 OpenSUSE conference 2015 Den Haag ... Talk Overview ● New Statistics ● New things in 4.4 (shipping now) ● Features ● Quality ● User Experience ● What's next: LibreOffice 5.0 ● Features, UX bits ● Android / Editing ● LibreOffice Online ● Conclusions / Questions. Recent Developments Total Unique IP Addresses Seen 120,000,000 Tracking direct download Update Ping origins. 100,000,000 Excludes all Linux Distributions downloads 80,000,000 ~120m so far ( + Linux ) 60,000,000 This time last year @ 40,000,000 openSUSE con. was ~65m 20,000,000 0 Windows MacOSX Linux 2013 vs. 2014 commits by affiliation SYNERZIP SUSE RedHat Openismus 2014 Nou & Off New Contributors Munich MultiCoreWare Linagora Lanedo Known contributors KACST ITOMIG Igalia IBM Ericsson 2013 Collabora CloudOn CIB Canonical Assigned Apache Volunteer ALTA 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Committers per month 140 Xamarin Tata Consultancy Services SYNERZIP SUSE 120 Sonicle SIL RedHat 100 Oracle Openismus Nou & Off 80 New Contributors Munich MultiCoreWare Linagora 60 Lanedo Known contributors KACST 40 ITOMIG Igalia IBM Ericsson 20 Collabora CloudOn CIB 0 Canonical Assigned Apache Volunteer ALTA A few 4.4 developments ... UI re-work: complete in 4.4 ● A huge extremely mechanical task: Progress on UI / dialog layout 900 800 700 600 Layout UI old dlg 500 old tab-page 400 Remaining 300 200 ● Clean UI 100 0 ● Many thanks to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Caolán McNamara (Red Hat) - for his incredible work here, and also Szymon Kłos, Michal Siedlaczek, Olivier Hallot (EDX), Andras Timar (Collabora), Jan Holesovsky (Collabora), Katarina Behrens, Thomas Arnhold, Maxim Monastirsky, Manal Alhassoun, Palenik Mihály, and many others .. -
Hyperlinks and Bookmarks with ODS RTF Scott Osowski, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC Thomas Fritchey, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC
Paper TT21 Hyperlinks and Bookmarks with ODS RTF Scott Osowski, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC Thomas Fritchey, PPD, Inc, Wilmington, NC ABSTRACT The ODS RTF output destination in the SAS® System opens up a world of formatting and stylistic enhancements for your output. Furthermore, it allows you to use hyperlinks to navigate both within a document and to external files. Using the STYLE option in the REPORT procedure is one way of accomplishing this goal and has been demonstrated in previous publications. In contrast, this paper demonstrates a new and more flexible approach to creating hyperlinks and bookmarks using embedded RTF control words, PROC REPORT, and the ODS RTF destination. INTRODUCTION The ODS RTF output destination in SAS allows you to customize output in the popular file Rich Text Format (RTF). This paper demonstrates one approach to using the navigational options available in RTF files from PROC REPORT by illustrating its application in two examples, a data listing and an item 11 data definition table (DDT). Detailed approaches using the STYLE option available within PROC REPORT are widely known and have been well documented. These approaches are great if you want the entire contents of selected cells designated as external hyperlinks. However, the approach outlined in this paper allows you to have multiple internal and/or external hyperlinks embedded in any text in the report and offers options not available when using the style statement. This flexibility does come with a price, as the code necessary is lengthier than the alternative. It’s up to you to decide which method is right for your output.