DOCSLIB.ORG

The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa Ifeoma Ozodiegwu East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Epidemiology Commons, International Public Health Commons, and the Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma, "The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3566. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3566 This Dissertation - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Public Health in Epidemiology by Ifeoma Doreen Ozodiegwu May 2019 Dr. Megan Quinn, Chair Dr. Hadii Mamudu Dr. Mary Ann Littleton Dr. Henry Doctor Dr. Laina Mercer Keywords: Overweight, Obesity, Sub-Saharan Africa, Adult Women ABSTRACT The Prevalence and Context of Adult Female Overweight and Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa by Ifeoma Doreen Ozodiegwu Adult women bear a disproportionate burden of overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Precise information to understand disease distribution and assess determinants is lacking. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to: (i) analyze the prevalence of adult female overweight and obesity combined in lower-level administrative units; (ii) analyze the effect modification of educational attainment and age on the association between household wealth and adult female overweight and obesity; (iii) synthesize qualitative research evidence to describe contextual factors contributing to female overweight and obesity at different life stages. Bayesian and logistic regression models were constructed with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data to respectively estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and assess the interaction of education on the association between household wealth and overweight. The synthesis of qualitative research studies was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and findings were grouped by themes. Prevalence estimates revealed heterogeneity at second-level administrative units in the seven SSA countries examined, which was not visible in first-level administrative units. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 7.5 – 42.0% in Benin, 1.4 – 35.9% in Ethiopia, 1.6 – 44.7% in Mozambique, 1.0 – 67.9% in Nigeria, 2 2.2 - 72.4% in Tanzania, 3.9 – 39.9% in Zambia, and 4.5 - 50.6% in Zimbabwe. Additionally, education did not have a statistically significant modifying effect on the positive association between household wealth and overweight in the 22 SSA countries eligible for the study. Body shape and size ideals, barriers to healthy food choices and physical activity were key themes in the research synthesis encompassing four SSA countries. Positive symbolism, including beauty, was linked to overweight and obesity in adult women. Among adolescents, although being overweight or obese was not accepted, girls were expected to be voluptuous. Body image dissatisfaction and victimization characterized the experiences of non-conforming women and girls. Barriers to healthy nutrition included migration and the food environment. Whereas, barriers to physical activity included ageism. While additional work is encouraged to validate the prevalence estimates, overweight and obesity interventions must consider whether the determinants identified in this study are relevant to their context to inform improved outcomes. 3 Copyright 2019 by Ifeoma Doreen Ozodiegwu All Rights Reserved 4 DEDICATION This dissertation would not be possible without the unrivaled love and long-term support of my parents, Dr. Festus and Mrs. Rose Ozodiegwu. I am continually inspired by the endless sacrifices that they have made to ensure that my siblings and I attain our fullest potential. I am also motivated by the contribution they have made to improving health and education in Nigeria, specifically, Enugu, our home state and in Aku, our village. I hope that my work in global health and in Nigeria, will parallel a tenth of yours and that I can be the best daughter to you. To my siblings, Ikenna, Chika, Tobi, the debates that we had growing up has allowed me to challenge my ideas and push the boundaries of my work. Thank you all for your love, support, words of encouragement and listening ears. To the love of my life, Tony, there are no words to convey my appreciation for your unending support in all my pursuits. To my friends, Fr Bede, Mary, Chinwe, Daniel, Tosin, Ruby, Micheal, Martin, Jocelyn, Herman, Sylvester, Ena, Seun, Christian who created several special moments involving delectable food, wine, dance and jokes as I progressed through this program, I am really thankful for you all. To all African women, I hope this dissertation project brings attention and resources to the problem of overweight and obesity in our communities. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Rotary International District 7570 for their financial support while I completed this dissertation project. Many thanks to Dr. Quinn, my academic advisor and dissertation chair for her constant support from the first day I entered the doctoral program. Your patience, understanding and wise counsel is deeply appreciated. And also to Dr. Mamudu, my research mentor, your incredible support throughout this program including nominating me for the Rotary Global Grant/Skelton Jones Scholarship has enabled me to be free from financial worries as I wrote my dissertation and I will remain forever grateful. Dr. Doctor, or Oga Doctor, as we call you in Nigeria, thank you so much for encouraging me to pursue a doctoral degree and for supporting me through it. Your sense of humor is unsurpassed and I really enjoy working with you. Also, I am fortunate to have Dr. Littleton on my committee. Many thanks for accepting to work with me on my dissertation project even though I do not have a strong background in qualitative research. Thank you for believing in me and for the insights you shared. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Mercer, the most recent addition to my committee, whose work in the area of spatial models for small area estimation has been the foundation of my manuscript on estimating the prevalence of overweight in lower administrative units. Thank you so much for readily sharing your knowledge and for making my ideas come to fruition. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 14 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 16 LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 19 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................... 19 Specific Aims ........................................................................................................................ 21 Significance of this Project ....................................................................................................... 21 Research Gaps in Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in SSA Countries ........................... 21 Research Gaps in Overweight and Obesity Determinants in SSA Countries ....................... 23 Organization of Chapters .......................................................................................................... 27 2. BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 28 Global and Regional Overweight and Obesity Burden and Trends .......................................... 28 Conceptualizing and Defining Overweight and Obesity........................................................... 30 Evaluating Overweight and Obesity ......................................................................................... 32 Anthropometric Indicators – Body Mass Index (BMI)......................................................... 32 Strengths and Limitations of BMI as a Measure of Overweight and Obesity ...................... 35 7 Anthropometric Indicators – Waist Circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio and Waist-Height Ratio .....................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transcending the Versification of Oraliture: Song-Text As Oral Performance Among the Ilaje
    Venets: The Belogradchik Journal for Local History, Cultural Heritage and Folk Studies Volume 4, Number 3, 2013 Research TRANSCENDING THE VERSIFICATION OF ORALITURE: SONG-TEXT AS ORAL PERFORMANCE AMONG THE ILAJE Niyi AKINGBE Federal University Oye-Ekiti, NIGERIA Abstract. Oraliture is a terminology that is often employed in the de- scription of the various genres of oral literature such as proverbs, legends, short stories, traditional songs and rhymes, song-poems, historical narratives traditional symbols, images, oral performance, myths and other traditional sty- listic devices. All these devices constitute vibrant appurtenances of oral narra- tive performance in Africa. Oral narrative performance is invariably situated within the domain of social communication, which brings together the racon- teur/performer and the audience towards the realisation of communal enter- tainment. While the narrator/performer, plays the leading role in an oral per- formance, the audience’s involvement and participation is realised through song, verbal/choral responses, gestures and, or instrumental/musical accom- paniment. This oral practice usually take place at one time or the other in var- ious African communities during the festival, ritual/religious procession 323 which ranges from story- telling, recitation of poems, song text and dancing. This paper is essentially concerned with the illustration of the use of song- text, as oral performance among the Ilaje, a burgeoning coastal sub-ethnic group, of the Yoruba race in the South Western Nigeria. The paper will fur- ther examine how patriotism, history, death and anti-social behaviours are evaluated through the use of songs among the Ilaje. Keywords: oraliture, transcending the versification, song-text, oral per- formance, audience, communal entertainment, Ilaje ethnic group Introduction Oral art is embedded in the Ilaje’s tradition and cultural proclivity in the form of poetic and prose narratives, and these serve as important tools in the hands of the Ilaje poets, musicians and story-tellers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ondo Code: 28 Lga:Akokok North/East Code:01 Name of Registration Area Name of Reg
    INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) STATE: ONDO CODE: 28 LGA:AKOKOK NORTH/EAST CODE:01 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG. AREA COLLATION NAME OF REG. AREA CENTRE S/N CODE (RA) CENTRE (RACC) (RAC) 1 EDO 1 01 EMMANUEL PRI.SCHEDO EMMANUEL PRI.SCHEDO 2 EKAN 11 02 SALEM A/C PRI.SCH EKAN SALEM A/C PRI.SCH EKAN 3 IKANDO 1 03 OSABL L.A P/SCH IKANDO OSABL L.A P/SCH IKANDO 4 IKANDO 11 04 MUSLIM P/SCH ESHE MUSLIM P/SCH ESHE 5 ILEPA 1 05 ST MICHEAL CAC P/SCH ILEPA ST MICHEAL CAC P/SCH ILEPA 6 ILEPA 11 06 ST GREGORY PRI.SCH ILEPA ST GREGORY PRI.SCH ILEPA 7 ISOWOPO 1 07 ST MARK PRI.SCH IBOROPA ST MARK PRI.SCH IBOROPA 8 ISOWOPO 11 08 ST ANDREW PRI.SCH AKUNU ST ANDREW PRI.SCH AKUNU 9 IYOMEFA 1 09 A.U.D PRI.SCH IKU A.U.D PRI.SCH IKU 10 IYOMEFA 11 10 ST MOSES CIS P/SCH OKORUN ST MOSES CIS P/SCH OKORUN 11 OORUN 1 11 EBENEZER A/C P/SCHOSELE EBENEZER A/C P/SCHOSELE 12 OORUN 11 12 A.U.D. P/SCH ODORUN A.U.D. P/SCH ODORUN 13 OYINMO 13 ST THOMAS RCM OYINMO ST THOMAS RCM OYINMO TOTAL LGA:AKOKO N/WEST CODE:02 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG. AREA COLLATION NAME OF REG. AREA CENTRE S/N CODE (RA) CENTRE (RACC) (RAC) 1 ARIGIDI IYE 1 01 COURT HALL ARIGIDI COURT HALL ARIGIDI 2 ARIGIDI 11 02 ST JAMES SCH IMO ST JAMES SCH IMO 3 OKE AGBE 03 ST GOERGE P/SCH OKEAGBE ST GOERGE P/SCH OKEAGBE 4 OYIN/OGE 04 COMM.P/SCH OKE AGBE COMM.P/SCH OKE AGBE 5 AJOWA/ILASI/ERITI/GEDE 05 AJOWA T/HALL AJOWA T/HALL 6 OGBAGI 06 AUD P.SCH OGBAC-I AUD P.SCH OGBAC-I 7 OKEIRUN/SURULERE 07 ST BENEDICTS OKERUN ST BENEDICTS OKERUN 8 ODOIRUN/OYINMO 08 COURT HALL ODO IRUN COURT HALL ODO IRUN 9 ESE/AFIN 09 ADO UGBO GRAM.SCH AFIN ADO UGBO GRAM.SCH AFIN 10 EBUSU/IKARAM/IBARAM 10 COURT HALL IKARAM COURT HALL IKARAM TOTAL LGA:AKOKOK SOUTH EAST CODE:03 NAME OF REGISTRATION AREA NAME OF REG.
    [Show full text]
  • P E E L C H R Is T Ian It Y , Is L a M , an D O R Isa R E Lig Io N
    PEEL | CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, AND ORISA RELIGION Luminos is the open access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org Christianity, Islam, and Orisa Religion THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF CHRISTIANITY Edited by Joel Robbins 1. Christian Moderns: Freedom and Fetish in the Mission Encounter, by Webb Keane 2. A Problem of Presence: Beyond Scripture in an African Church, by Matthew Engelke 3. Reason to Believe: Cultural Agency in Latin American Evangelicalism, by David Smilde 4. Chanting Down the New Jerusalem: Calypso, Christianity, and Capitalism in the Caribbean, by Francio Guadeloupe 5. In God’s Image: The Metaculture of Fijian Christianity, by Matt Tomlinson 6. Converting Words: Maya in the Age of the Cross, by William F. Hanks 7. City of God: Christian Citizenship in Postwar Guatemala, by Kevin O’Neill 8. Death in a Church of Life: Moral Passion during Botswana’s Time of AIDS, by Frederick Klaits 9. Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective, edited by Chris Hann and Hermann Goltz 10. Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods, by Allan Anderson, Michael Bergunder, Andre Droogers, and Cornelis van der Laan 11. Holy Hustlers, Schism, and Prophecy: Apostolic Reformation in Botswana, by Richard Werbner 12. Moral Ambition: Mobilization and Social Outreach in Evangelical Megachurches, by Omri Elisha 13. Spirits of Protestantism: Medicine, Healing, and Liberal Christianity, by Pamela E.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War 1968-1970
    Copyright by Roy Samuel Doron 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Roy Samuel Doron Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Forging a Nation while losing a Country: Igbo Nationalism, Ethnicity and Propaganda in the Nigerian Civil War 1968-1970 Committee: Toyin Falola, Supervisor Okpeh Okpeh Catherine Boone Juliet Walker H.W. Brands Forging a Nation while losing a Country: Igbo Nationalism, Ethnicity and Propaganda in the Nigerian Civil War 1968-1970 by Roy Samuel Doron B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2011 Forging a Nation while losing a Country: Igbo Nationalism, Ethnicity and Propaganda in the Nigerian Civil War 1968-1970 Roy Samuel Doron, PhD The University of Texas at Austin, 2011 Supervisor: Toyin Falola This project looks at the ways the Biafran Government maintained their war machine in spite of the hopeless situation that emerged in the summer of 1968. Ojukwu’s government looked certain to topple at the beginning of the summer of 1968, yet Biafra held on and did not capitulate until nearly two years later, on 15 January 1970. The Ojukwu regime found itself in a serious predicament; how to maintain support for a war that was increasingly costly to the Igbo people, both in military terms and in the menacing face of the starvation of the civilian population. Further, the Biafran government had to not only mobilize a global public opinion campaign against the “genocidal” campaign waged against them, but also convince the world that the only option for Igbo survival was an independent Biafra.
    [Show full text]
  • Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and Its Impact on Their Culture
    83 AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), S/NO 46, APRIL, 2017 AN INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, ETHIOPIA AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), SERIAL NO. 46, APRIL, 2017: 83-98 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i2.7 Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and its Impact on Their Culture Chinda, C. Izeoma Department of Foundation Studies Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola Phone No: +234 703 667 4797 E-mail: [email protected] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This paper examined the intergroup relations between the Ikwerre of the Niger Delta, South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria and its impact on their culture. It analyzed the Ikwerre relations with her Kalabari and Okrika coastal neighbours, as well as the Etche, Eleme, Ekpeye, Ogba Abua and the Igbo of Imo state hinterland neighbours. The paper concluded that the internal developments which were stimulated by their contacts impacted significantly on their culture. Key words: Ikwerre, Intergroup Relations, Developments, Culture, Neighbour. Introduction Geographical factors aided the movement of people from one ecological zone to another in migration or interdependent relationships of trade exchange. These exchanges and contacts occurred even in pre-colonial times. The historical roots of inter-group relations of the Ikwerre with her neighbours, dates back to pre-colonial times but became prevalent from the 1850 onward when the Atlantic trade became emphatic on agrarian products as raw materials to the industrial western world. This galvanized the hitherto existing inter-group contact between the Ikwerre and her neighbouring potentates. Copyright © International Association of African Researchers and Reviewers, 2006-2017: www.afrrevjo.net.
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum Extraction, Agriculture and Local Communities in the Niger Delta
    Petroleum Extraction, Agriculture and Local Communities in the Niger Delta. A Case of Ilaje Community. Adedayo Ladelokun Howard University Chapter I: Introduction Petroleum resource exploration and extraction-- ● A crucial economic activity ● Petroleum resources contributed substantially to economic development ● Conversely, petroleum exploration and extraction often induce negative impacts on other economic activities such as agriculture. ● Threatens environmental Safety. ● Ilaje Community,Ondo State,Nigeria, was chosen as a case study. Introduction Cont. ● Location and member states of the Niger Delta. Located in Coastal Southern Region of Nigeria. Map of the Niger Delta region Niger Delta Image of the Niger Delta Source: Ken Saro-Wiwa 20 years on Niger Delta ... Cnn.com Map of Ondo State Showing the 18 Local Government Areas Ilaje Local Government Introduction Cont. ● Population --- Estimated at 46 Million(UNDP) ● Geographical Landmark --- ND Covers area over 70,000 Sq Kilometers (ie 27,000 Miles) ● Occupation --- Farming, Fishing, Canoe Making, Trading, Net Making, and Mat Making. ● Ilaje Community --- Occupies Atlantic Coastline of Ondo State,Nigeria. ● Ilaje Local Government (Polluted Area) was one of the 18 Local Governments in Ondo State, Nigeria. ● Five Local Governments were randomly selected to served as control. Scope of the study This research work will cover Ilaje Community in Ondo State. Ondo State is located in the petroleum producing area of the Niger Delta Ilaje community was mainly into agricultural production Chapter II: Literature Review ● Agriculture in Economic Development of Nigeria: ○ Machinery for life sustenance ○ Supportive role raw material provision for industrial development ○ Todaro MP (2000) viewed role of AG as passive and supportive ○ Precondition for eco developed ○ Rapid structural transformation of the AG sector Literature Review Continues Jhingan M.L (1985) opined that: (a) AG provides food surplus for the rapidly expanding population.
    [Show full text]
  • Capability Deprivations and Political Complexities
    The political complexity of pro-poor policy processes in the Mandara Mountains, Cameroon1 TOM DE HERDT and SÉVERIN ABEGA Tom De Herdt is Lecturer at the Institute of Development Policy and Management – University of Antwerp, Belgium. Séverin Abega is Professor at the Université Catholique de l’Afrique Centrale – Yaounde, Cameroon Abstract: We give more conceptual flesh and bones to the interconnections between social structures and individual agency by focusing on the way in which the people(s) inhabiting the Mandara Mountains in Far North province of Cameroon have been affected by pro-poor policy processes. We analyze the role of individual, collective and relational capabilities in such processes. The case-study points to (i) the importance of tracing capability deprivations back to weak political agency, (ii) the sometimes ambiguous impact of participatory procedures and (iii) the necessity to balance the “what” and the “how” questions in designing anti-poverty interventions. Key words: political capabilities, agency, participation, pro-poor policies, Cameroon. Collective agency and political capabilities The intellectual history of the concept of “collective capabilities”, like that of many scientific concepts, begins with some “points of clarification” (Sen, 2002, p. 85). In his reply to the claim by Evans (2002) that achieving individual capabilities depends on collective capabilities, Sen points out that we should make a distinction between “socially dependent individual capabilities” and genuinely collective capabilities. In between the examples Sen provides, one finds a definition of the latter as something which is not within any individual’s capability to achieve. In Sen’s interpretation, Evans claims that most individual capabilities are simply socially dependent, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Socio-Economic Effects of Land Use Trends and Population Growth in Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 9, September-2020 1737 ISSN 2229-5518 An Assessment of the Socio-economic Effects of Land Use Trends and Population Growth in Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria Obenade Moses, Ugochi E. Ekwugha, Ogungbemi A. Akinleye, Kanu C. Collins and Henry U. Okeke Abstract – Population growth in Eleme has been rapid over the past 82 years with its attendant pressure on the natural resources of the area. Between 1937 and 2006 the population of Eleme grew from 2,528 to 190,194 and is projected to be above 293,741 in 2019 based on an annual growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using the combined technologies of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and Demography techniques as its methodology, this paper examines the socio-economic effects of land use trends and population growth in Eleme between 1986 and 2019. The result of this study indicates that human population represents a threat to biodiversity in several ways. Thus if our patterns of consumption remain at the present rate, with more people, we will need to harvest more timber, catch more fish, plow more land for agriculture, dig up more fossil fuels and minerals, build more houses, and use more water. All of these demands impact wild species and increase the levels of pollution. Unless we find ways to dramatically increase crop yield per unit area, it will take much more land than is currently domesticated to feed people in the area if our population continue to grow at the prevailing rate of 3.4 percent annually.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Demale Circumcision in Eastern Nigeria: Its Medical Signieicance
    A STUDY OF DEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN EASTERN NIGERIA: ITS MEDICAL SIGNIEICANCE INTRODUCTION Nigeria is today the largest Colony and Protectorate under the Union Jack since India gained her independence. It will he re-called that Lagos, today the Federal Capital of Nigeria was created a British Colony in 1862. In January 1900, after cancellation of the Royal Niger Company1s Charter, the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria came into being. In the same year, the territory formerly known as the Niger Coast Protectorate was re­ named Southern Nigeria Protectorate. In 1906, the Colony of Lagos and its protected territory were amalgamated with the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria under one administration, with Lagos as the seat of the Government. In 1914, by Letters Patent and Order in Council, the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria were amalgamated and designated the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, with Sir Frederick (later Lord) Lugard as the Governor-General. Various constitutional changes have taken place since Lord Lugard1s days. The latest Constitution, the 1. ProQuest Number: 13838901 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13838901 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Proponent Indorama Eleme Fertilizer And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Proponent Indorama Eleme Fertilizer and Chemicals Limited (IEFCL) is a company organized and existing under the laws of Nigeria, with its registered office at Indorama Petrochemicals Complex, Eleme, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. IEFCL manufactures 2300 MTPD Ammonia & 4000 MTPD Urea Fertilizer (IEFCL-Train 1) at its Eleme manufacturing complex. IEFCL is undertaking the development of IEFCL-Train2 fertilizer project to increase the production of Urea adjacent to the IEFCL-Train 1 within the existing manufacturing Indorama complex at Eleme. Need for the EIA This project has been categorized as category one project by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), who confirmed the need to conduct a full blown EIA. Terms of reference (TOR) The Terms of Reference for this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study include the following: Determination of the baseline environmental profile in and around the proposed project site. Rendering a qualitative and quantitative description of the physical, chemical, biological and social environments relevant to the project. Documentation of significant signposts, including the identification of potential impact and risks of the project on the surrounding environment at large. Recommendations and implementation of strategies to eliminate or reduce identified adverse impacts and risks Production of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report with effective Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) EIA Objectives The objectives of the EIA are: Assessment of the state of the environment Establishment of environmental issues and factors associated with the proposed fertilizer project. Assessment and forecast of all possible and potential impacts of the proposed project on components of the environment in terms of magnitude and importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Prevalence of Human Onchocerciasis in Ardo-Kola and Yorro Local Government Areas, Taraba State, Nigeria
    Adamawa State University Journal of Scientific Research ISSN: 2251-0702 (P) Volume 6 Number 2, August, 2018; Article no. ADSUJSR 0602018 http://www.adsujsr.com Distribution and Prevalence of Human Onchocerciasis in Ardo-Kola and Yorro Local Government Areas, Taraba State, Nigeria 1* 2 1 2 1 3 Danladi, T ., Elkanah, S. O ., Wahedi, J. A ., Elkanah, D. S ., Elihu, A ., Akafyi, D.E . 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University (ADSU), P.M.B. 25, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. 2Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Taraba State University, P.M.B. 1167, Jalingo, Taraba State. 3Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology Zaria, Kaduna State. Contact: [email protected] Phone: +2348037725303 Abstract Onchocerciasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the filarial nematode; Onchocerca volvulus and is transmitted by different species of blackflies. A study was carried out to assess the prevalence and distribution of human Onchocerciasis in Gonta, Shompa, Voding, Kasakuru and Kwanti-Nyavo communities of Ardo-kola and Yorro Local Government areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Standard parasitological techniques of skin snip were used to collect data. A total of five hundred persons were examined comprising of 275(55.0%) males and 225(45.0%) females. Of these, 187(37.4%) were infected with Onchocerca volvulus. The male subjects are more infected (45.5%) than their female counterparts (27.5%) with statistically Significant difference in infection (2= 16.934, P = 0.000). Age-specific prevalence of infection was recorded in all age groups displaying a progressive increase with increase in age. Age group 41-50 shows the highest prevalence of infection 32(45.1%), Chi square analysis shows no significant difference in infection among age groups (2= 3.440, P= 0.633).
    [Show full text]
  • Cranfield University Chigozie Emmanuel Amadi School of Applied Sciences the Niger Delta: Aspects of Human Health Risk Associate
    CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY CHIGOZIE EMMANUEL AMADI SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES THE NIGER DELTA: ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY M.Phil Academic Year: 2010- 2014 Supervisor: DR TERRY P. BROWN November, 2014 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES Toxicology, Health and Environment M.Phil Academic Year 2010-2014 CHIGOZIE EMMANUEL AMADI The Niger Delta: Aspects of Human Health Risk Associated with the Petroleum Industry Supervisor: Terry P. Brown November 2014 © Cranfield University 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. ABSTRACT The Niger Delta has been described as one of the most petroleum-polluted places in the world. The oil and gas industry located in this region is the economic mainstay of Nigeria and has contributed to key aspects of life in our modern society. However, the indigenous nationalities and residents of the Niger Delta have been exposed to appalling environmental conditions due to the operations of the upstream petroleum industry within their communities. Whereas much is known about the environmental consequences of the operations of the oil and gas industries, including the fallout of crude oil spillage incidences, comparatively, very little is known about the risks to human health due to exposures to these environmental conditions. This could be a source of fear and frustration. The knowledge about the human health repercussions of the upstream petroleum industry operations in the Niger Delta is nonexistent. This study investigated some aspects of risk to human health in the Niger Delta due to the operations of the petroleum industry, especially carcinogenic risk.
    [Show full text]