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Winter, 1985 '· Editor: to the Editor: J THE St. o 'sReview I : ... ::: ............... ~--'~---1. ....... I ' ··.. I )·<·· ·.. : .. · _:.-·· •. - .• Winter, 1985 '· Editor: To the editor: J. Walter Sterling At the urging of alumni and col­ leagues, and with the co-operation of Mrs. Klein, I am undertaking to Poetry Editor: gather material for a brieflife ofjacob Richard Freis Klein. I shall be pleased to have documents, reminiscences, or other Editorial Assistant: memorabilia. Jason Walsh I would be particularly pleased to hear from alumni who were members Editorial Board: of his classes in his first years of Eva Brann teaching, especially his first seminar. S. Richard Freis, Alumni representative Wye J. Allanbrook Joe Sachs St. John's College Cary Stickney Curtis A. Wilson Unsolicited articles, storieS, and poems are welcome, but should be accom­ panied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope in each instance. Reasoned comments are also welcome. The St. John's Review (formerly The Col­ lege) is published by the Office of the Dean, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland 21404. Edwin J. Delattre, President, George Do'skow, Dean. Published thrice yearly, in the winter, spring, and summer. For those not on the distribution list, subscriptions: $12.00 yearly, $24.00 for two years, or $36.00 for three years, payable in ad­ vance. Address all correspondence to The St. John's Review, St.John's College, Annapolis, Maryland 21404. Volume XXXVI, Number 1 Winter, 1985 © 1985 St. John's College; All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. ISSN 0277-4720 Cover: A Black-Figured Amphora from the Boston Museum (Drawn, measured and analyzed by L.D. Composit£on: Fishergate Publishing Co. 1 Inc. Printing: St. John's College Press Caskey). THE StJohn's Review Contents 2 ...... The Parable of Don Quixote Joe Sachs 10 ...... Politics and the Imagination Eva Brann 19 ...... Five From The Old Testament (poem) J Kates 22 ...... James Joyce's Soul Joseph Engelberg 27 ...... Watching Plains Daybreak (poem) Richard Freis 28 ...... Self-Portraits Elliott Zuckerman 36 ...... The Opera Singer as Interpreter: A Conversation with Sherrill Milnes Susan Fain 40 ...... Dynamic Symmetry, A Theory of Art and Nature Howard J Fisher 56 . The Song of Timaeus Peter Kalkavage 68 . A Note on Eva Brann's "Roots of Modernity" Chaninah Maschler BooK REviEw 77 . Rhythmic Gesture in Mozart: Le Nozze de Figaro and Don Giovanni John Plato.ff 79 . The Presence of Grace and Other Book Reviews by Flannery O'Connor Victor Gallerano THE ST. JoHN's REviEw Winter 1985 The Parable of Don Quixote Joe Sachs n the twenty-fifth chapter of the first part of Don that all the things that have to do with knights-errant Quixote, the fortunes and spirits of the book's hero appear to be mad, foolish, and chimerical, and everything are at their lowest. He has been bruised and happens backwards?' "It is Don Quixote's standard eva­ laughed at, and has lost part of an ear and most sion when things go wrong or he is proved wrong: we I of his teeth. He has mistaken an inn for a castle, are enchanted. Our senses are not to be trusted, and whores for maidens, and windmills and sheep_ for things are not as they seem. In this case he is ·driven to enemies. His intervention in the affairs of others has led claim that everything is exactly the opposite of the way a servant boy to be beaten worse than before, and has it seems, and he is right. set loose on Spain an entire column of convicts who have The remainder of Part one, after Don Quixote enters made him and Sancho the first of their new victims. Even the Sierra Moreno, is the long unfolding of a series of the simple-hearted Sancho has lost his trust in his master. happy endings of stories yet to be made known to us, " 'God alive, Sir Knight of the Mournful Countenance; and which come to pass without any effort on Don said Sancho, 'I cannot bear in patience some of the things Quixote's part. His last action in Part one is the freeing that your Grace says! Listening to you, I come to think of the convicts in Chapter twenty-two, with thirty chapters that all you have told me about deeds of chivalry ... remaining. Yet none of the good that is done in those is but wind and lies, all buggery or humbuggery, or thirty chapters could have happened were it not for the whatever you choose to call it. When anyone hears your earlier deeds of Don Quixote. And the happy endings Grace ... , what is he to think except that such a one do not come about by some comic reversal of Don Quix­ is out of his mind?' " Shortly Don Quixote will be left ote's intentions. They grow out of his deeds directly in alone, sunk in gloom, in the Sierra Moreno, the Dark the spirit of those deeds, by a Quixotic contagion. Finally, Mountains. He had entered that lonely place partly out it is not the case that Don Quixote's actions are justified of fear of the police, a fear which could influence him only by unforeseen cons~quences, but each of his acts because of his disappointment over the behavior of those is, for those who have eyes to see it, good in itself, and he thought he was helping. But even at such a time, Don exactly the opposite of the way it seems. Quixote has an answer for his squire. Pairs of contrasting opposites in Don Quixote are often " 'Look, Sancho; said Pon Quixote, 1Jy that same God remarked. The book combines the conventions of roman­ I swear that you have less sense than any squire in the tic fiction with all the ugly, smelly facts of real life. Of world ever had. How is it possible for you to have ac­ the two main characters, one is tall, thin, energetic, and companied me all this time without coming to perceive spiritual, the other short, fat, lazy, and corporeal. The main character acts like a lunatic but speaks like the wisest of men. But the most important contrast in the book is less often noticed. It is that between the story the nar­ rator understands himself to be telling and the one he Joe Sachs is a tutor at St. John's College, Annapolis. His lecture The JtUry tells, and it points the way to the underlying distinction of Aeneas appeared in the Winter '82 issue of the Review. The Parable of Don Quixote was origin<>.lly delivered as a formal lecture at St. John's College, An­ on which the book is built: the distinction between fact napolis in September, 1982. and truth. 2 WINTER 1985 Cervantes puts between himself and his story a cident that this pair of judgments is made available to historian who comes from a nation known for lying us, for together they mean that the categories mad and (I.9,II.3), a translator, and perhaps one or more other sane break down when applied to Don Quixote. He must people; it is the sort of matter about which Cervantes be said to belong to both, or to neither. He is unlike other is not a very careful bookkeeper. But there is one con­ men, but the distinction between the mad and the sane sistent voice which presents to us all the episodes in the does not illuminate that difference. book, including those which precede the beginning of The truly illuminating distinction is given to us by Cid Hamete Benengeli's manuscript and those for which, Don Quixote himself, whose judgment is always the most as Sancho notes with awe, there was no human witness. trustworthy in the book. When the gentleman in green The narrator through whom we know all that we know is worrying about what to make of his companion, Don of Don Quixote tells us that when his character decided Quixote 6'llesses his thoughts, and breaks in on them in to become a knight he looked around for a make-believe a kindly way. He forgives his friend for thinking him beloved just as he looked for a sword and helmet; but foolish and mad, and does his best to explain why he does the same narrator gives a careful reader all the informa­ what he does. "Even as it is easier for the prodigal to tion he needs to see that Alonso Quixano has been become a generous man than it is for the miser, so is secretly and hopelessly in love with Aldonza Lorenzo for it easier for the foolhardy to become truly brave than twelve years (I.1,I.25). The narrator mocks Don Quix­ it is for the coward to attain valor. And in this matter ote's speech about the Golden Age as nonsense which of adventures, you may believe me, Sefior Don Diego, only occurs to him by an association with acorns (I.11), it is better to lose by a card too many than a card too few." but the goatherds to whom it is addressed are moved by Prodigality, we shall see as we go on, is one of the Don Quixote's eloquent respect for their way oflife, and most important words in the book. When Don Quixote repay him with all the gifts in their power. When Don appears ridiculous, which is most of the time, it is not Quixote defends Marcela (I.14), the beautiful girl who for lack of wits but for his deliberate choice to be pro­ chooses not to marry anyone, the narrator tells us that digal.
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