Bharat Ratna

REPUBLIC DAY HONOURS AND AWARDS Bharat Ratna harat Ratna and other national honors and awards are presented on the Republic B Day in recognition of exceptional and distinguished services of high order in any field. From 1993 to 1996, the country’s highest civilian awards such as Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri were not presented on the Republic Day. The decision not to present the civilian awards in 1994 was taken in view of the petitions pending in various courts questioning the advisability of conferring of such awards and the Supreme Court’s stay proceedings on those petitions. These awards were restored by the Supreme Court in December 1995. Bharat Ratna award is given for exceptional work for the advancement of art, literature and science, and in recognition of public service of the highest order. The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze. On its obverse is embossed a replica of sun, 1.6 cm in diameter, below which the words” Bharat Ratna” are embossed in Hindi. On the reverse are State emblem and the motto, also in Hindi. The emblem, the sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze. The first three recipients of Bharat Ratna were Dr. S. Radhakrishnan., C. Raja Gopalachari and C.V. Raman in 1954, while Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the first foreigner to be honoured with this award in 1987. BHARAT RATNA AWARDEES Year Name 1954 Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 1954 Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) 1954 Dr. Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman (1888-1970 1955 Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1964) 1955 Dr. Mokshagundam Visweswaraiah (1861-1962) 1955 Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) 1957 Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) 1958 Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) 1961 Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) 1961 Purushotham Das Tandon (1882-1962) 1962 Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 1963 Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) 1963 Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) 1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) 1971 Mrs. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 1975 Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1884-1980) 1976 Kumaraswami Kamaraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) 1980 Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) 1983 Acharya Vinoba Bhave (Posthumous)(1895-1982) 1987 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) 1988 Morudu Gopalan Ramachandran(Posthumous) (1917-1987) 1990 Dr. Bhim Rao, Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) Year Name 1990 Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Birth 1918) 1991 Rajiv Gandhi (Potsthumous) (1944-1991) 1991 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) 1991 Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995) 1992 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) 1992 Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993) 1992 Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) 1997 Mrs. Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1906) 1997 Gulzari Lal Nanda (Posthumous) (1898-1997) 1997 Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Birth 1931) 1998 Madurai Shanmukahvadivu Subbulakshmi (1916-2004) 1998 Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) 1999 Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979) 1999 Prof. Amartya Sen (Birth 1933) 1999 Pandit Ravi Shankar (Birth 1920) 1999 Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoli (Posthumous) (1890-1950) 2001 Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) 2001 Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (Birth 1929) 2002 None 2003 None 2004 None 2005 None 2006 None 2007 None 2008 Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Hindustani Vocalist (Birth 1922) .

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Bibliography
Bibliography 337 Bibliography A.Primary Sources 1. Committee of Ministers‟ Report. 2. WBLA, Vol. XVII, No.2, 1957. 3. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on the Medical Facilities for New Migrants from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal. 4. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on the Education Facilities for New Migrants from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal. 5. WBLA, Vol. XIV, No. 1, 1956. 6. Committee of Review of Rehabilitation Report on Rehabilitation of Displaced Persons from Erstwhile East Pakistan in West Bengal, Third Report. 7. Working Group Report on the Residual problem of Rehabilitation. 8. S. K. Gupta Papers, File Doc. DS: „DDA- Official Documents‟, NMML. 9. 6th Parliament Estimate Committee 30th Report. 10. Indian Parliament, Estimates Committee Report, 30th Report. Dandakaranya Project: Exodus of Settlers, New Delhi, 1979. 11. Estimate Committee, 1959-60, Ninety-Sixth Report, Second Loksabha. 12. WBLA, Vol. XV, No.2, 1957 13. Ninety-Sixth Report of the Estimates Committee, 1959-60, (Second Loksabha) 14. UCRC Executive Committee‟s Report, 16th Convention. 15. Govt. of West Bengal, Master Plan. 16. SP Mukherjee Papers, NMML. 17. Council Debates (Official report), West Bengal Legislative Council, First Session, June – August 1952, vol. I. Census Report 1. Census Report of 1951, Government of West Bengal, India. 2. Census of India 1961, Vol. XVI, part I-A, book (i), p.175. 3. Census Report, 1971. 4. Census of India, 2001. 338 Official and semi-official publications 1. Dr. Guha, B. S., Memoir No. 1, 1954. Studies in Social Tensions among the Refugees from Eastern Pakistan, Department of Anthropology, Government of India, Calcutta, 1959.
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Indian Institute of Technology
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal Tel : 03222-282002, 255386, 277201, 282022, 255622, 282023 Fax : 03222-282020, 255303 Email : [email protected], [email protected] Website : http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur or IIT KGP) is a public engineering institution established by the government of India in 1951. The first of the IITs to be established, it is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the government of India. The institute was established to train scientists and engineers after India attained independence in 1947. It shares its organisational structure and undergraduate admission process with sister IITs. The students and alumni of IIT Kharagpur are informally referred to as KGPians. Among all IITs, IIT Kharagpur has the largest campus (2,100 acres), the most departments, and the highest student enrolment. IIT Kharagpur is known for its festivals: Spring Fest (Social and Cultural Festival) and Kshitij (Techno-Management Festival). With the help of Bidhan Chandra Roy (chief minister of West Bengal), Indian educationalists Humayun Kabir and Jogendra Singh formed a committee in 1946 to consider the creation of higher technical institutions "for post-war industrial development of India." [ This was followed by the creation of a 22-member committee headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar. In its interim report, the Sarkar Committee recommended the establishment of higher technical institutions in India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and consulting from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign along with affiliated secondary institutions. The report urged that work should start with the speedy establishment of major institutions in the four-quarters of the country with the ones in the east and the west to be set up immediately.
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Civics National Civilian Awards
National Civilian Awards Bharat Ratna Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. Recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal-leaf–shaped medallion. There is no monetary grant associated with the award. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, scientist C. V. Raman and philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed on 45 individuals including 12 who were awarded posthumously. In 1966, former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. In 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, aged 40, became the youngest recipient of the award. Though usually conferred on Indian citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987 and former South African President Nelson Mandela in 1990. Most recently, Indian government has announced the award to freedom fighter Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 24 December 2014.
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Gandhi and Bengal Politics 1920
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 15 Issue 6 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Gandhi and Bengal Politics 1920 - 1940 By Sudeshna Banerjee University of Burdwan, India Abstract- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi entered nationalist politics in 1920 and changed the character of the national movement completely. Before 1920, Bengal politics was mainly dominated by the activities of the revolutionaries and the politics within Congress. Anushilan Samity and Yugantar were the two main revolutionary groups in Bengal at the beginning of twentieth century. Their main intention was to liberate their motherland through violent struggle. The Congress leaders as well as the revolutionaries of Bengal were not at all ready to accept Gandhi and his doctrine of nonviolence. Gandhi too had no sympathy for the revolutionaries, as their method was against his principle of non-violence. C R Das and Subhas Chandra Bose of Bengal Congress gave stiff opposition to Gandhi. Eventually, the death of C R Das and the imprisonment of Bose at Mandalay prison, Burma saw the emergence of Gandhiites like J M Sengupta through whom gradually the control of Bengal Congress went into the hands of Gandhi. The final showdown between Gandhi and Bose came in 1939 when Bose was compelled to resign as Congress President at Tripuri. Keywords: Swadhinata, Ahimsa, Gandhiites, Anusilan, Yugantar, Bengal provincial congress committee GJHSS-F Classification : FOR Code: 360199 GandhiandBengalPolitics19201940 Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Sudeshna Banerjee.
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Testbook Live Course Capsules
Useful Links Bharat Ratna Awards 2020 1 Useful Links “Jewel of India”, known as Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the country. Bharat Ratna award is conferred for exceptional service to the nation in various fields such as science, arts, litera- ture, and in recognition of public services of the highest order. Bharat Ratna award can be granted posthumously and since its establishment 7 awards were granted posthumously. This award is one of the precious awards given in the country which is given to any person irrespective of race, occupation, position, or gender. Read this article below on the Bharat Ratna award, which is the most important part of the government exam. Many government exams such as SSC , IBPS SO, Bank, Railway, etc in- clude this topic in the general awareness section or history section. Read this article below to excel in your general knowledge and history section for various competitive exams. History of Bharat Ratna award Bharat Ratna award was established by the former President of India Rajendra Prasad on 2nd January 1954. The concept of awarding this award posthumously was not there in the original statue declared in Jan- uary 1954 but later it got declared posthumously in January 1966 statue of this prestigious award. Bharat Ratna award was awarded first to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir CV Raman, Chakravarti Ra- jagopalachari in 1954. In the history of sports, Sachin Tendulkar is the first sportsperson and the youngest Bharat Ratna awardee. About Bharat Ratna Award The medallion of the Bharat Ratna award is cast in bronze. The medallion of the Bharat Ratna award is designed to side the leaf of a peepal tree with sunburst in the center and Bharat Ratna is engraved underneath it.
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Calcutta & West Bengal, 1950S
People, Politics and Protests I Calcutta & West Bengal, 1950s – 1960s Sucharita Sengupta & Paula Banerjee Anwesha Sengupta 2016 1. Refugee Movement: Another Aspect of Popular Movements in West Bengal in the 1950s and 1960s Sucharita Sengupta & Paula Banerjee 1 2. Tram Movement and Teachers’ Movement in Calcutta: 1953-1954 Anwesha Sengupta 25 Refugee Movement: Another Aspect of Popular Movements in West Bengal in the 1950s and 1960s ∗ Sucharita Sengupta & Paula Banerjee Introduction By now it is common knowledge how Indian independence was born out of partition that displaced 15 million people. In West Bengal alone 30 lakh refugees entered until 1960. In the 1970s the number of people entering from the east was closer to a few million. Lived experiences of partition refugees came to us in bits and pieces. In the last sixteen years however there is a burgeoning literature on the partition refugees in West Bengal. The literature on refugees followed a familiar terrain and set some patterns that might be interesting to explore. We will endeavour to explain through broad sketches how the narratives evolved. To begin with we were given the literature of victimhood in which the refugees were portrayed only as victims. It cannot be denied that in large parts these refugees were victims but by fixing their identities as victims these authors lost much of the richness of refugee experience because even as victims the refugee identity was never fixed as these refugees, even in the worst of times, constantly tried to negotiate with powers that be and strengthen their own agency. But by fixing their identities as victims and not problematising that victimhood the refugees were for a long time displaced from the centre stage of their own experiences and made “marginal” to their narratives.
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Download Famous Personalities Questions for RRB Group D
Famous Personalities Questions for RRB Group D PDF All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without the permission of cracku.in, application for which shall be made to [email protected] Downloaded from cracku.in . Instructions For the following questions answer them individually Question 1 Aaton Van Leewen Hock is famous for the discovery of A Microscope B Nylon C Laser D Radio valve Answer: A Question 2 The astronomer who discovered planet Pluto was A Sylvain Mend B Joseph Asbrook C Edwin Hubble D Clyde Tombaugh Answer: D Question 3 Who among the following is famous for Classical Carnatic Music ? A Pandit Shivkumar Sharma B Pandit Kumar Gandharva C Balamuralikrishna D Pandit Ravi Shankar Answer: C RRB Group-D Previous Papers (download PDF) Question 4 The famous Madhubani artist who won the Bihar Ratna in 1984 is ______. A Ganga Devi B Mahasundari Devi C Shashi Kala Devi D Sita Devi Answer: D Downloaded from cracku.in . Question 5 Who among the following is also known as the founder of macroeconomics as a separate discipline? A Adam Smith B Robert Merton C Fischer Black D John Maynard Keynes Answer: D Question 6 To which country does the celebrated author and leadership speaker Robin Sharma belong? A Canada B India C Britain D USA Answer: A 20 RRB Group-D Mocks - Just Rs. 149 Question 7 Identify the former ISRO chairman and space scientist who became the first Indian to be inducted in the International Astron Federation (IAF) Hall of Fame.
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List of Bharat Ratna Awardees
List of Bharat Ratna Awardees Bharat Ratna Awardees Year Brief Description C. Rajagopalachari 1954 Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Indian philosopher and statesman. First Vice President of India C. V. Raman 1954 Indian physicist who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering Nobel Laureate(Physics) Bhagwan Das 1955 Indian Theosophist and a part of Central Legislative Assembly of British India M. Visvesvaraya 1955 Civil Engineer & Statesman Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 Indian independence activist, First Prime Minister of India Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 Indian freedom fighter One of the architects of modern India Dhondo Keshav Karve 1958 A social reformer in India in the field of women's welfare Bidhan Chandra Roy 1961 An eminent Indian physician, educationist, philanthropist, freedom fighter and politician He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948 Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 A freedom fighter from Uttar Pradesh, India. He has put enormous efforts in achieving the Official Language of India status for Hindi. Rajendra Prasad 1962 First President of India Zakir Husain 1963 Third President of India Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 Second President of India Indira Gandhi 1971 The only female Prime Minister of India V. V. Giri 1975 Fourth President of India K. Kamaraj 1976 A leader of the Indian National Congress Mother Teresa 1980 An Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary Vinoba Bhave 1983 An Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 A Pashtun independence activist M.
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Sara Bangla Bastuhara Sanmelan and the Role of Hemanta Biswas
Journal URL: http://www.wbnsou.ac.in/openjournals/index.shtml p50-59 NSOU-OPEN JOURNAL ISSN: 2581-5415 Vol.4 No.2 (July 2021) A multidisciplinary Online Journal of Netaji Subhas Open University, INDIA Sara Bangla Bastuhara Sanmelan and the role of Hemanta Biswas and Jogen Mondal (1953-1959) Dr Swati Sengupta Chatterjee Assistant Archivist Directorate of State Archives, West Bengal. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The partition and independence came to India simultaneously. Those who were placed on the wrong side of the border rushed to West Bengal. Actually after the partition, two nations were born: India and Pakistan. There was an exodus from East Pakistan to West Bengal through various phases. After 1950, the journey of Namasudra refugees started. In the 1950s, refugee organizations grew up. Communist Party of India dominated United Central Refugee Council was formed. In 1953, Praja Socialist Party wing of refugee organization Sara Bangla Bastuhara Sanmelan was formed. Most of the Namasudra refugees joined SBBS except Hemanta Biswas. He joined UCRC. Later he was disillusioned with the leaders of UCRC and ultimately joined SBBS. He followed a new policy for the camp refugees- the forcible occupation of land(1959). On the other hand, in 1950, the ex-minister of Pakistan, Jogen Mondal, came to West Bengal. But the refugees did not accept him easily. Ultimately he joined SBBS in 1957-58. But Mondal left this organization and formed his own organization, East India Refugee Council, in mid-1958. Keywords: Partition, Namasudra, Refugee, UCRC, SBBS, Jogen Mondal, Hemanta Biswas. Introduction Undivided Bengal experienced partition and freedom from colonial rule more or less simultaneously.
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Congress in the Politics of West Bengal: from Dominance to Marginality (1947-1977)
CONGRESS IN THE POLITICS OF WEST BENGAL: FROM DOMINANCE TO MARGINALITY (1947-1977) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL For the award of Doctor of Philosophy In History By Babulal Bala Assistant Professor Department of History Raiganj University Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, 733134 West Bengal Under the Supervision of Dr. Ichhimuddin Sarkar Former Professor Department of History University of North Bengal November, 2017 1 2 3 4 CONTENTS Page No. Abstract i-vi Preface vii Acknowledgement viii-x Abbreviations xi-xiii Introduction 1-6 Chapter- I The Partition Colossus and the Politics of Bengal 7-53 Chapter-II Tasks and Goals of the Indian National Congress in West Bengal after Independence (1947-1948) 54- 87 Chapter- III State Entrepreneurship and the Congress Party in the Era of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy – Ideology verses Necessity and Reconstruction 88-153 Chapter-IV Dominance with a Difference: Strains and Challenges (1962-1967) 154-230 Chapter- V Period of Marginalization (1967-1971): 231-339 a. Non-Congress Coalition Government b. Presidential Rule Chapter- VI Progressive Democratic Alliance (PDA) Government – Promises and Performances (1972-1977) 340-393 Conclusion 394-395 Bibliography 396-406 Appendices 407-426 Index 427-432 5 CONGRESS IN THE POLITICS OF WEST BENGAL: FROM DOMINANCE TO MARGINALITY (1947-1977) ABSTRACT Fact remains that the Indian national movement found its full-flagged expression in the activities and programmes of the Indian National Congress. But Factionalism, rival groupism sought to acquire control over the Congress time to time and naturally there were confusion centering a vital question regarding ‘to be or not to be’.
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Department of Sanskrit General
1 SREE SANKARACHARYA UNIVERSITY OF SANSKRIT, KALADY RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Faculty of Sanskrit Literature Department of Sanskrit General 2 RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Semester I Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. I.A.101.En. Common English I 4 5 2. I.A.102.En. Common English II 3 4 3. I.A.107.Sg Additional Language 4 4 I- Prose, Poetry and Drama 4. I.B.111.Sg Fundamentals of 3 4 Sanskrit Language 5. I.C.124.Sg A Survey of Classical 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 6. I.C.125.Sg Modern 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 3 Semester II Sl. Course Code Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Credits week 1. II.A.103.En. Common English III 4 5 2. II.A.104.En. Common English IV 3 4 3. II.A.108.Sg Additional Language II- 4 4 Communication Skills in Sanskrit 4. II.B.112.Sg Ancient Indian Metanarrative - 3 4 Bhāsa & Kālidāsa 5. II.C.126.Sg Methodology of Sanskrit 3 4 Learning - Tantrayukti 6. II.C.127.Sg Vṛtta and Alaṅkāra 3 4 Semester III Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. III.A.105.En. Common English V 4 5 2. III.A.109.Sg Additional Language III – 4 5 Perennial poetry: Kālidāsa and O.N.V.Kurup 3. III.B.113.Sg Literary appreciation: Indian 4 5 perspectives 4.
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MAHAMAHOPADHYAYA Dr. PANDURANG V AMAN KANE-LIFE and WORK
MAHAMAHOPADHYAYA Dr. PANDURANG VAMAN KANE-LIFE AND WORK M. D. PARADKAR DR. PANDURANG VAMAN KANE, first National Professor of Indo- logy, breathed his last on the night of Tuesday 18th April, 1972, just a few days before the completion of his ninety second year and it must be said that a life truly dedicated to the pursuit of Indo logical learning end research, nay a real jnanayaj:iia had come to an end. It is true that Dr. Kane's death cannot be considered to be premature or untimely; nevertheless it has certainly created a void in the Oriental scholarship as well as research which can hardly be filled. It is also pertinent to note that neither luck nor heredity had a great part to play in the long life of this great savant full of achievement of no mean order. Dr. Kane himself rightly wrote in his Epilogue, 1 'a brief account of some aspects of my long life may, I hope be of some interest and help to those who have to face pro blems similar to those that I had to face.' A brief sketch of this savant's life is not only bound to indicate the veracity of these words but will also throw light upon sheer dint of his hard work as well as remarkable will power. The Land of Konkai}. on the western coast of India, though known for poverty of physical resources has been illustrious for pro ducing many a son of the soil who have richly contributed to diverse fields of learning, politics and social reform.
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