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United States Department of the Interior Geologlcal

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United States Department of the Interior Geologlcal UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGLCAL SURVEY PLACER DEPOSITS OF ALASKA BY Edward H. Cobb Open-file report This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature. Contents Page Introduction------------------------------------------------------ 1 Organization and method of presentation---------------------- 2 Definitions-------------------------------------------------- 3 Masks Peninsula regi~~------------------------------------------- 4 Aleutian Islands regi~~------------------------------------------- 5 Bering Sea region------------------------------------------------- 6 Bristol Bay region------------------------------------------------ 7 Cook Inlet-Susitna River region----------------------------------- 8 Anchorage district------------------------------------------- 10 Redoubt district--------------------------------------------- 11 Valdez Creek district---------------------------------------- 11 Willow Creek district---------------------------------------- 12 Yentna distrfct---------------------------------------------- 13 Copper River region----------------------------------------------- 15 Chistochina district----------------------------------------- 16 Nelchina district-------------------------------------------- 18 19 2 0 2 0 2 L 2 2 2 3 2 4 24 2 5 26 28 29 3 0 3 1 33 34 3 4 35 3 5 36 3 7 4 0 4 3 45 4 7 5 2 55 5 6 59 59 60 Yukon River region--Continued Page Bonnifield district------------------------------------------ 61 mandalar district------------------------------------------- Chisana district--------------------------------------------- Circle district---------------------------------------------- Delta River district----------------------------------------- Eagle district----------------------------------------------- Fairbanks district------------------------------------------- Fortymile district------------------------------------------- Goodpaster districtd----------------------------------------- Hot Springs district----------------------------------------- - Hughes district---------------------------------------------- Idatarod district-------------------------------------------- Innoko distrfct---------------------------------------------- Kaiyuh district---------------------------------------------- Kantishna district------------------------------------------- Koyukuk district--------------------------------------------- Marshall district-------------------------------------------- &lozitnadistrict------------------------------------------- Rampart district--------------------------------------------- Ruby district------------------------------------------------ Sheenjek district-------------------------------------------- Tok district------------------------------------------------- Tolovana district-------------------------------------------- Yukon Flats district----------------------------------------- References cited-------------------------------------------------- Plate 1. Maps of Alaska showing mining regions and districts, physiographic provinces, and geology Figure 1. Placer deposits in the Alaska Peninsula region -------- 2. Placer deposit in the Aleutian Islands region --------- Bering Sea region ..................................... Placer deposits in the Bristol Bay region ------------- Placer deposits in the Cook Inlet-Susitna River region- Placer deposits in the Cache Creek area --------------- Placer deposits in the Copper River region ------------ Placer deposits in the upper Chistochina River area --- Placer deposits in the Dan Creek-Young Creek area ----- Placer deposits in the Kenai Peninsula region --------- Placer deposits in the Kodiak region ------------------ Placer deposits in the Aniak district ----------------- Placer deposits in the Bethel and Goodnews Bay districts ........................................... Placer deposits in the Arolik River-Goodnews River area ................................................ Placer deposits in the Salmon River area -------------- Placer deposits in the McGrath district --------------- Northern Alaska region and included districts --------- Placer deposits in the northwestern Alaska region ----- Illustrations--Continued -P Figure 19. Placer deposits in the Seward Peninsula region -------- 20. Placer deposits in the Council area ------------------- 21. Placer deposits in the Casadepaga area ---------------- 22. Placer deposits in the Candle area .................... 23. Placer deposits in the Inmachuk River area ------------ 24. Placer deposits in the southern Kougarok River area --- 25. Placer deposits in the northern Kougarok River area --- 26. Placer deposits in the Noxapaga River area ------------ 27. Placer deposits in the Iron Creek area ---------------- 28. Placer deposits in the Nome area ...................... 29. Generalized profile of Nome beaches ------------------- 30. Placer deposits in the Solomon area ------------------- 31. Placer deposits in the Teller area .................... 32. Placer deposits In the Cape Mountain-Potato Mountain area ................................................ Placer deposits in the Ear Mountain area -------------- Placer deposits and mining districts in the south- eastern Alaska region ............................... Placer deposits in the Porcupine Creek area ----------- Placer deposits in the Juneau area .................... Placer deposits in the Anvik, Iditarod, Innoko, Kaiyuh, and Marshall districts Placer deposits in the Black, Chandalar, Sheenjek, and Yukon Flats districts ........................... Placer deposits in the Bonnifield and Kantishna districts ........................................... Placer deposits in the Totatlanika Mver area --------- Placer deposits in the Chisana, Circle, Delta River, Eagle, Fortymile, Goodpaster, and Tok districts ----- Placer deposits in the Bonanza Creek area ------------- Placer deposits in the Miller House-Circle Hot Springs area------------------------------------------------- Placer deposits in the Fairbanks and Tolovana districts Placer deposits in the Fairbanks area ----------------- Placer deposits in the Fortymile River area ----------- Placer deposits in the Hot Springs, Hughes, Melozitna, Rampart, and Ruby districts ......................... Placer deposits in the Tofty area ..................... Placer deposits in the Flat area ...................... Placer deposits in the Ophir area ..................... Placer deposits in the Kantishna area ----------------- Placer deposits in the Koyukuk district --------------- Placer deposits in the Minook Creek area -------------- Placer deposits in the Long-Poorman area -------------- Placer deposits in the Livengood area ----------------- Introduction Placer deposits, in addition to their intrinsic value, serve as indicators of areas of potential development of lode deposits. Any possibility that Alaska may again become an important source of metallic mineral commodities depends in part on an inventory of placer deposits and a knowledge of the geology of their source areas. Information on Alaska's placer deposits is far from complete. Many mining camps have been at best the subject of only cursory examination by geologists or mining engineers at liberty to publish the results of their studies. Many placers are vaguely known from unconfirmed reports that someone was working on a creek, in many instances a creek bearing a name that cannot now be identified with any particular stream. Such data are, of course, practically valueless and were generally ignored in preparing the report. Other major gaps Tn our knowledge result from the lack of bedrock exposures in many areas where valuable placer deposits were mined, a circumstance that made impossible the determination of lode sources and their mode of occurrence during reconnaissance studies of mining districts. And the reluctance of many prospectors to divulge data on their claims has undoubtedly caused some deposits to be "lost" or overlooked. The first in a series of reports and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey on the metallic minerals resources of Alaska was an index of the State's mineral deposits compiled from reports of Federal and State agen- cies, published before 1960 (Cobb and Kachadoorian, 1961) that contain data on mines, prospects, and reported occurrences of metallic and non- metallic deposits in Alaska, The Geological Survey has since published eight mineral commodity maps (U.S. Geol. Mineral Inv. Resource Map (MR's), Cobb 1960 a-d, 1962, 1964 a-c) and has released in open file 56 metallic mineral resources maps covering 81 of the 153 quadrangles into which Alaska has been divided for topographic mapping at a scale of 1:250,000 (1 inch = approx. 4 miles) (Clark and Cobb, 1970; Cobb, 1967a-n, 1968a-v, 1969a-g, 1970a, b; Cobb and Condon, 1970; Cobb and Matson, 1969; Cobb and Richter, 1967; Cobb and Sainsbury, 1968; Detterman and Cobb, 1969; Hoare and Cobb, 1970; MacKevett and Cobb, 1970; Matson, 1969a-c). The index and earlier reports are essentially specialized reference lists. As many of the basic works had long been out of print and unavail- able to interested persons without access to large university or govern- ment libraries, Berg and Cobb summarized data on metallic lodes in a re- port (Berg and Cobb, 1967) that made use of all reports published before September 1, 1965. The present report summarizes, from reports available before January 1, 1970, the geology and history of Alaska's placer de- posits, known to have been found at nearly
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