Nez Perce National Historical Park 89 Bighorn Missouri National Scenic Kansas City/Independence area KENNEWICK Big Hole Y Canyon S e Riverway a National l NRA Gillette 82 Whitman Mission WASHINGTON lm lo 85 Mount Rushmore Badlands National Park Walla Walla o Battlefield w MONTANA 90 BLACK SOUTH DAKOTA NHS n N Mem 29 29 ver WASHINGTON OREGON 191 st G Ri Lake 12 o B HILLS NEBRASKA 35 Nez Perce n WYOMING 16 River 30 5 Wallula 15 e I 81 THE DALLES: before the opening River National 14 G 90 Jewel Cave H Buffalo River Niobrara 435 of the Barlow Road in 1846, emi- Historical Park B NM 16 M WHITMAN MISSION: Marcus O SOUTH DAKOTA National Scenic Riverway R Wind Cave is Upper Longview grants had no choice but to build e and Narcissa Whitman, who I C MONTANA i Salmon v R s 730 d r o rara o IOWA Independence River U e n e National Park Niob 29 11 n v T Bighorn u rafts and float down the treach­ m Tamustalik helped blaze the route of the i t r N 435 Columbia OREGON CITY: the Oregon Trail o R in Valentine r Landing a R Astoria River e i erous Columbia. t Cultural Oregon Trail, established a T n 80 il Fort Clatsop ended here. Fort Vancouver, a l t Cody R 30 uri Independence a Institute a Norfolk so INDEPENDENCE 70 e s Emigrant Hill mission to Christianize the E l 275 Mi Courthouse Square National Echo d N Cheyenne River Hudson’s Bay Company trading 82 Hot Springs horn 275 84 Boardman Pendleton Segment n Yellowstone lk Indians here in 1836. O M 20 E National Frontier Memorial a R 680 post, is across the Columbia in r Columbia Segment Y River Hebgen Lake Santa Fe Trail Park Ruts Trails Center G 20 73 River Deadman Pass N National Park Blair River Washington. Arlington Echo UMATILLA R 14 20 O Fourmile A 16 R Meadows C 20 U INDIAN O 83 iv Canyon 207 Meacham River 435 Emigrant Yellowstone e 80 KANSAS CITY Biggs Junction Ruts RESERVATION 95 N SOUTH DAKOT r Well 385 MISSOURI 470 Cascades of Springs Blue Mountain Crossing SALMON RIVER O Lake Wallowa 18 KANSAS Spring 93 T Fremont m the Columbia Interpretive Park Lake D E Eighty-fifth Street Ruts e S i A al Fort Vancouver Deschutes John Day River 74 T vi Worland 25 COUNCIL BLUFFS L d River h Blue Mountains La Grande e WYOMING 70 e The Dalles L N NHS VANCOUVER River Crossing Segment I OMAHA Heart Grove Campground 84 E MOUNTAINS A N N Crossing Ladd Canyon NTA 435 Columbia Gorge Hilgard H MO 18 Minor Park/Red Bridge Crossing Segment R 20 S Discovery Center Dufur 206 Junction HO 85 Wildwood 19 DA Chadron New Santa Fe PORTLAND A I A NEBRASKA 30 River Mt Hood John 0 10 Km. Recreation Snake REGISTER CLIFF: of the thousands 69 11235ft N River 10 71 Area River Po Payette of names carved by emigrants Columbus 35 Sandy 3424m 97 BLUE MOUNTAINS: Though wd Government e Lake G A NEBRASKA 0 10 Mi. r into the soft sandstone, several 34 Camp the trail passed over moun­ John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 75 Oregon City West Barlow Tygh Valley National Historic E hundred are still legible. Some Barlow Pass Day tainous terrain, wood, water, Memorial Parkway 20 Tollgate Oregon Trail trail ruts, as deep as five feet, are End of the Oregon Trail Philip and shade were abundant— Riv SOUTH PASS: here the emigrants Interpretive Center Laurel Hill 19 Interpretive Center er 86 three miles west. 29 Foster Barlow Gate a welcome change from the crossed the Continental Divide Middle River IOWA Flagstaff Hill Powder Barlow Road River Farm desert along the Snake River. and passed into the Oregon Niobrara Loup Segment 197 Lusk Harrison MISSOURI Baker City River S Country. The Pass is so broad and N T MISSOURI I so level that many did not realize SAND HILLS 26 s 84 95 Jackson LINCOLN 75 A River e 20 River t 218 395 T Lake they had passed into the Pacific WYOMING National Historic IDAHO C u 19 Grand Teton OREGON N o North WARM SPRINGS h n watershed. Mormon Ferry Hembree Grave INDEPENDENCE was the pre­ c Trails Interpretive Center U National Park t 26 s i River Rexburg ne (1849) Douglas 85 Agate Fossil Beds NM SCOTTS BLUFF was one of Big e John Day Fossil Beds NM Salmon ferred jumping off point for SALEM 93 O nt 287 Wind 20 D a INDIAN l 26 York M the major landmarks on the the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails e D 75 t 20 29 Burnt iv Glendo 77 t 207 Ayres Natural 25 trail, and, with Chimney Rock in the 1840s and early 1850s. id Emigrant Gap CASPER Reservoir Alliance 35 36 e RESERVATION e River 26 Bridge Fort Laramie to Blue 26 35 miles east, it signaled that m Platte RANGES 89 Fort Casper Warm Springs Segment 80 81 a FORT KEARNY: the U.S. Army l Farewell Bend almost one-third of the trail WYOMING P l Madras Grand Island Platte i Gannett Peak 6 Jackson established the fort in 1848 to l Avenue of Rocks a Register Cliff had been traversed. 73 IDAHO 13804ft t W 26 26 26 Riverton provide protection for emigrants. River t e OCEAN E 191 4207m Guernsey Mexican Hill 385 ASH HOLLOW was the entry to Willow Springs 220 U WIND RIVER RANGE the North Platte River Valley. All trails from jumping off points Alkalai Springs L Snake Prospect Hill Warm Springs B IDAHO FALLS 789 Torrington along the Missouri River met Homestead NM of America Beatrice CORVALLIS FLAGSTAFF HILL: travelers caught Segment 21 IDAHO 20 287 GRANITE Ample supplies of wood, water, ST. JOSEPH 75 26 here, at the “Gateway to the 26 their first glimpses of the Blue 189 Prospect Hill Guernsey Henry and grass made this a sought- 30 THREE ISLAND CROSSING: if MOUNTAINS Segment Laramie Ruts Scottsbluff Great Plains.” Susan Hail Grave NEBRASKA River WYOMING RANGE Fort Laramie Hiawatha Mountains from this point—an Vale Palisades R after camping area. 36 29 5 20 the water was low this was Lander Peak NHS iver Bayard r North Platte and Ruts KANSAS indication their trip was nearing Reservoir Horse Creek Amanda Lamin ive Hastings Nyssa the best place to cross to the 15 River Three Crossings Saleratus Lake R Kearney Fairbury 126 97 the end. 26 Split Wheatland Treaty Grounds Gering Grave Crooked north bank of the Snake River ater River Independence Rock 26 Lake Lowell Ayr Ruts The Rock Creek Station Atchison See map above Keeney Canyon Hill Ruts Big Southern tw Rock INDEPENDENCE ROCK: fur trap­ Oshkosh Missouri River Fort Boise e Chimney McConaughy Lexington Narrows 395 Pass to a route that offered better Butte 191 Pinedale e Devil’s Pathfinder River Robidoux Pass Platte Fort Fort River River BARLOW PASS: tired and weary Ward Massacre Site Sw pers named this formation on Courthouse/ North O’Fallon’s 80 Thirty-two Junction of St. Joe and 20 travel conditions and ample Blackfoot Gate Reservoir Rock NHS McPherson Dan Smith’s Kearny Little Upper emigrants who chose not to Wind River Peak July 4, 1824. Many emigrants Scotts Bluff NM Jail Rock Bluff P Mile Station Independence Roads 73 BOISE 13192ft 28 Rocky Ice Slough 85 Ash Hollow 30 West Ranch Blue Independence Bend 201 drinking water. FORT HALL Muddy Gap mie (Mitchell Pass) Plum Creek go down the Columbia faced 4021m Ridge later carved or painted their Lara Windlass Hill 83 Hollenberg Station Marysville Landing River 84 89 Brule 25 Leavenworth a steep climb to the pass before Sna INDIAN names on the rock. Ogallala INDEPENDENCE EUGENE ke Bonneville Point Blackfoot South Pass L A FORT LARAMIE: this early Indian 385 Nampa R descending into the Willamette Craters of Fort Hall Reservoir Segment A 71 California Hill Alcove Spring Black Vermillion Crossing 75 OREGON Indian Creek Station RESERVATION M trading post quickly developed 23 Holdrege r e Valley. the Moon Afton tal vid I Upper Crossing of the u i Ditto Station 20 Burnt Ranch en D E into the major resupply point 99 e in 36 KANSAS CITY RANGE National 283 t South Platte River h Marbleton 6 l n Kansas River Lake Inscription Rock Monument o 287 for emigrants and a major military Sidney 77 16 a POCATELLO Pacific Springs C 34 Vieux Cemetery/ PACIFIC Givens Hot Springs River 80 L M 75 American Soda South Pass 30 Crossing/ 26 post. Old Bedlam, on the fort Julesburg Red Vermillion Owyhee Canyon Creek Station Teapot Dome 86 287 93 Falls Springs Dry Sandy Crossing Kimball Pappin’s Ferry M Coon Creek/Marshall Grave Crossing Teapot Dome Hot Springs Reservoir Soda Springs grounds, is the oldest structure Harlan 70 Rattlesnake Station O Repub River Complex in Wyoming. lic County Scott Spring 63 St. Marys Pellant 20 Sinker Creek Parting U an Three Island Crossing American Falls Sheep N Lake Tuttle Mission Ruts LAWRENCE North Trail 89 189 Little Sandy Crossing GREAT DIVIDE Lone Elm Malheur Segment Glenns Ferry 30 Rock of the Ways T 76 Creek Lake 78 Castle Butte Segment A Lake Campground Lake Massacre Rocks I 85 Upper Blue BASIN RawlinsN Utter Massacre Site 84 River TOPEKA Wakarusa Walcott Big Sandy Crossing S 24 Parting of the Farson A Mound 71 Register Rock NEBRASKA e St. Marys- Crossing Oregon and Upper Salmon Falls k Montpelier 6 Manhattan Coldwater Hill Fontenelle Laramie CHEYENNE KANSAS River Red Vermillion Santa Fe Trails Bruneau Hagerman a 28 80 C.J.