Cell Wall (Plants Only) Chloroplasts (Plants Only)

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Cell Wall (Plants Only) Chloroplasts (Plants Only)

Plant cells have many of the same structures as animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, chromosomes, and vacuoles. Th ey also have some organelles that are not found in animal cells. Cell Wall (Plants Only) cell wall: a structure surrounding Th e cell wall is a rigid structure surrounding plant cells that plant cells that protects and supports provides support and protection. Th e cell wall also acts as a fi ltering the cell; made of cellulose mechanism. Nutrients, wastes, water, and other substances are able to pass through small pores (holes) in the cell wall. Th e cell wall is made up of a substance called cellulose. Paper is composed of cellulose from the cell walls of certain tree cells. Th e stringy strands in celery are also made of cellulose. Chloroplasts (Plants Only) chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; Th e chloroplast is a green organelle found only in plant cells. chloroplasts in a plant cell absorb Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, a process that allows sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to plants to use the Sun’s energy to make food. Animals cannot make make food food from sunlight because they do not have chloroplasts in their cells. Th e membranes inside chloroplasts contain a green chemical called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and helps make food for the plant. Th e green colour of many plants comes from chlorophyll. Figure 3 shows a plant cell and the organelles that are visible through a compound microscope. Notice that plant and animal cells share many of the same structures. Some of the structures may look slightly diff erent (for example, the size of the vacuole may diff er), or To learn more about plant cell structure, they may not be as obvious (for example, the cell membrane in plant Go to Nelson Science cells is oft en hidden by the cell wall). cell membrane chromosomes cytoplasm nucleus cell wall vacuole chloroplast (a) (b) Figure 3 (a) A plant cell seen under a microscope (magniﬁ cation 250×) (b) A plant cell 22 Chapter 4 • Cells: The Basic Units of Life NEL.

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