DOCSLIB.ORG

Bohuslav Ostadal Naranjan S. Dhalla Editors Sex Differences in Heart Disease Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bohuslav Ostadal Naranjan S. Dhalla Editors Sex Differences in Heart Disease Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease Bohuslav Ostadal Naranjan S. Dhalla Editors Sex Differences in Heart Disease Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease Volume 21 Series Editor Naranjan S. Dhalla, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease focus on the latest developments in biochemical research with implications for health and disease. This book series consists of original edited volumes and monographs, presented by leading experts in the field and provides an up to date and unique source of information for all those interested in the fundamental, biochemical processes of the latest and emerging topics and techniques. Covering a wide variety of topics, this book series is a valuable source of information from those at the lab bench through to the Health Care workers. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7064 Bohuslav Ostadal • Naranjan S. Dhalla Editors Sex Differences in Heart Disease 123 Editors Bohuslav Ostadal Naranjan S. Dhalla Institute of Physiology St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Czech Academy of Sciences Research Centre Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Winnipeg, MB, Canada Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ISBN 978-3-030-58676-8 ISBN 978-3-030-58677-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58677-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Dedication Roberto Bolli, M.D., D.Sc. (Hons) This book is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Roberto Bolli for his exceptional leadership in cardiovascular science and medicine. He is Professor of Medicine and Director of the Institute of Molecular Cardiology in Louisville, Kentucky. He has been heavily engaged in training of numerous biomedical and clinical fellows from all over the world in the field of cardiovascular medicine for the treatment of heart disease. His dedication for promoting the future generation of cardiovascular clinician/scientists is extraordinary. Indeed, he was able to build a unique Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Medicine with respect to both educational and research programmes at his institution. He is an outstanding investigator in the field of translational cardiology and has published an impressive piece of work in the form of 463 full length papers in high-impact journals; his research has received 35,603 citations with h-factor of 102. His research has focused on the mechanisms responsible for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and on the development of cardioprotective strategies. He established a fundamental role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of myocardial stunning, and identified the signal transduction pathways as well as the protective genes responsible for the late phase of myocardial preconditioning. He was the first to show that cardiac progenitor c-kit+ cells work via paracrine action, a concept that has changed our understanding of cell therapy. Dr. Bolli has done an exceptional service in developing Circulation Research in his capacity as Editor-in-Chief, the impact factor of this journal rose from 9.2 to 15.2 during his remarkable editorship (2009–2019). His global leadership in Cardiovascular Research is evident from the fact that he was elected first as Secretary General (1998) and then as President (2004) of a prestigious organization “International Society of Heart Research”. He promoted this organization to its full potentials worldwide in addition to establishing two new awards to recognize the prominent investigators annually. He is currently serving as President of the International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences. Several years ago, this academy not only recognized his distinguished achievements in cardiovascular medicine by awarding the highest honour “Medal of Merit” but also established the Roberto Bolli Competition for Young Investigators at annual meetings in North America. He has received several honours and awards including Fellowship of the Royal Society (Canada), Gold Medal from the Serbian Physiological Society and Gold Medal from the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg Canada. Preface It is well known that numerous health problems are affected by sex. Women are more susceptible than men to depression, osteoporosis, asthma, lung cancer due to smoking and autoimmune disease. However, not all medical problems show sex dimorphism, for example, males do not differ from females in terms of their response to infection. And what is the role of sex in cardiovascular diseases? It is first of all necessary to emphasize that the number of clinical and experimental papers dealing with this topic significantly increased during the last 30 years: according to data from Web of Science their amount was negligible still in 1989. This trend is obviously the result of at least two facts: the number of examples of different behaviour of the male and female heart under physiological and patho- logical conditions is steadily increasing and there were controversial reports on the beneficial or adverse effects of hormonal replacement therapy in women during menopause. Both clinical and experimental observations support the view that cardiovascular diseases belong to the health problems where the sex differences play an important role. Men are generally at greater risk than are age-matched premenopausal women; this concerns not only ischemic heart disease but also other cardiovascular disor- ders, such as hypertension, arrhythmias and heart failure. After menopause the incidence of cardiovascular diseases increases in women as well; this observation led to the idea that this increase is associated with the decreasing level of estrogens during menopause. However, the large-scale human subject studies have shown that estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women actually increased the ischemic heart disease suggesting that the mechanisms of sex differences are more complicated. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in men and women. Unfortunately, women have traditionally been excluded from clinical trials, and female animals have been used less or sex was not reported in basic research studies. Until recently, consideration of both sexes was not required in clinical and preclinical studies focusing on cardiovascular diseases. This research bias led to the development of cardiovascular therapies that are either less effective or have dif- ferent side effects in women when compared with men. Sex-specific differences in ix x Preface baseline cardiac function are observed already in healthy adults: baseline differ- ences in cardiac function have been reported both in humans and in animal studies. Sex differences, characteristic of the normal myocardium, create the logical pre- sumption of the different reaction of the cardiac muscle to various pathogenic factors involved in different cardiovascular diseases. Pooling data from males and females may, therefore, obscure important cardiac differences in many parameters under both physiological and pathological conditions. Detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of these differences are still unknown but one is clear already today: they are so important that they should be considered by the selection of optimum diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in clinical practice. The increasing interest in sex differences undoubtedly reflects importance of this topic and the urgent need to explain underlying mechanisms, to better understand sex determinants of outcomes and to minimize bias in the management and treat- ment of cardiovascular diseases in women. This book summarizes some original views on the sex differences in cardiac response to different pathological stimuli; particular attention was paid to the differences in cardiac sensitivity to ischemia/reperfusion injury and to heart failure. With new basic and clinical information on sex differences in cardiac sensitivity to cardiovascular diseases we will be able to offer future patients better evidence-based treatments, better quality of life and lower mortality. The presentation of the subject matter in the form of 16 manuscripts on sex differences of heart disease,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title Page Adrenergic Storm-Induced Warburg Effect in COVID-19
    Title Page Adrenergic storm-induced Warburg effect in COVID-19: A hypothesis. Natesan Vasanthakumar School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India. Corresponding author: Natesan Vasanthakumar, MD School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India. Email: [email protected]; Telephone: +91-6380831065 Current address: Natesan Vasanthakumar, MD Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Israel. 3498838 Email: [email protected] Telephone: +91-6380831065 Word count: 1586 Declaration: Dr. Vasanthakumar has nothing to disclose. The author did not receive any funding. Abstract: At present, there is no treatment option available for COVID-19 condition and most importantly the underlying pathophysiology in COVID-19 is not known. No theory at present explains all the clinical features in COVID-19. In this article, I had proposed a hypothesis that explains the underlying pathophysiology in COVID-19 and based on it proposed treatment options for COVID-19. I propose that the adrenergic storm-induced Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) may be the underlying mechanism in the COVID-19 condition. I propose alpha1 adrenergic blockers in the early phase and beta-adrenergic blockers in the late phase of COVID-19 to inhibit the adrenergic storm and reverse the Warburg effect in COVID-19 condition. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adrenergic storm, Warburg effect, Aerobic glycolysis, alpha1 adrenergic blockers, beta adrenergic blockers. Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing damage all over the world. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and CD147, which is also known as Basigin or extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN )1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Roll-In NCT Number: NCT02841241 Date of Document: 12/16/2016 ECASSS-ROLL-IN V3 12-16-16
    Cover Page Official Title: Esmolol to Control Adrenergic Storm in Septic Shock - Roll-in NCT Number: NCT02841241 Date of Document: 12/16/2016 ECASSS-ROLL-IN V3 12-16-16 Consent Form What Esmolol to Control Adrenergic Storm in Septic Shock (ECASSS) – ROLL-IN Where Intermountain Medical Center Who PI: Samuel Brown, MD, MS (801) 507-6556 Co- investigators: Colin Grissom, MD Michael Lanspa, MD, MS Emily Wilson, MS Ithan Peltan, MD Ellie Hirshberg, MD Peter Crossno, MD Vivian Lee, MD Sarah Beesley, MD Samir Parikh, MD Sponsor: Intermountain Medical Center When Your participation will last until you are discharged from the hospital. Why This research study will evaluate the adequacy and efficiency of study protocols for the main ECASSS study. We are investigating a drug called esmolol as a treatment for serious infection (“septic shock”). How While you are receiving infusions of medicines like adrenalin to support your blood pressure, we will infuse a medication called esmolol that we think will help to control the negative effects of the body’s high stress state during serious infection. You will also have some blood drawn and have ultrasound pictures of your heart taken. We will monitor to see how long it takes for your body to improve from the serious infection. Page 1 of 12 Intermountain Healthcare IRB IRB NUMBER: 1050147 IRB APPROVAL DATE: 01/16/2017 IRB EXPIRATION DATE: 12/07/2017 ECASSS-ROLL-IN V3 12-16-16 Why is this study being done? We are asking you to take part in a research study about a drug called esmolol for use in septic shock.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript for Discussant
    Original article BETA-BLOCKER THERAPY IN SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Short title: Beta-blocker in severe TBI Hosseinali Khalili MD; Rebecka Ahl MB BChir, Ph.D; Shahram Paydar MD; Gabriel Sjolin MD; Yang Cao, Ph.D; Hossein Abdolrahimzadeh Fard MD; Amin Niakan MD; Kamil Hanna MD; Bellal Joseph MD; Shahin Mohseni MD, Ph.D. Author Contact Information: Hosseinali Khalili, MD. Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Email: [email protected] Dr Rebecka Ahl, MB BChir, PhD. General Surgery Resident Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Email: [email protected] Shahram Paydar, MD. Associate Professor of Surgery Trauma Research Center, Rajaee (emtiaz) trauma hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Email: [email protected] Gabriel Sjolin, MD. Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, 702 81 Orebro, Sweden Email: [email protected] Yang Cao, PhD. Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro 70182, Sweden Email: [email protected] Amin Niakan, MD. Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Email: [email protected] Hossein Abdolrahimzadeh Fard, MD. Assistant Professor of Surgery Trauma Research Center, Rajaee (emtiaz) trauma hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Email: Dr.h.a.fard@gmail Kamil Hanna, MD.
    [Show full text]
  • Β-Adrenergic Modulation in Sepsis Etienne De Montmollin, Jerome Aboab, Arnaud Mansart and Djillali Annane
    Available online http://ccforum.com/content/13/5/230 Review Bench-to-bedside review: β-Adrenergic modulation in sepsis Etienne de Montmollin, Jerome Aboab, Arnaud Mansart and Djillali Annane Service de Réanimation Polyvalente de l’hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104 bd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France Corresponding author: Professeur Djillali Annane, [email protected] Published: 23 October 2009 Critical Care 2009, 13:230 (doi:10.1186/cc8026) This article is online at http://ccforum.com/content/13/5/230 © 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract in the intensive care setting [4] – addressing the issue of its Sepsis, despite recent therapeutic progress, still carries unaccep- consequences in sepsis. tably high mortality rates. The adrenergic system, a key modulator of organ function and cardiovascular homeostasis, could be an The present review summarizes current knowledge on the interesting new therapeutic target for septic shock. β-Adrenergic effects of β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on immune, regulation of the immune function in sepsis is complex and is time cardiac, metabolic and hemostasis functions during sepsis. A dependent. However, β activation as well as β blockade seems 2 1 comprehensive understanding of this complex regulation to downregulate proinflammatory response by modulating the β system will enable the clinician to better apprehend the cytokine production profile. 1 blockade improves cardiovascular homeostasis in septic animals, by lowering myocardial oxygen impact of β-stimulants and β-blockers in septic patients. consumption without altering organ perfusion, and perhaps by restoring normal cardiovascular variability. β-Blockers could also β-Adrenergic receptor and signaling cascade be of interest in the systemic catabolic response to sepsis, as they The β-adrenergic receptor is a G-protein-coupled seven- oppose epinephrine which is known to promote hyperglycemia, transmembrane domain receptor.
    [Show full text]
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive
    brain sciences Review Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Subtype/Presentation: Research Progress and Translational Studies Ike C. de la Peña 1,* , Michael C. Pan 2,3, Chau Giang Thai 1 and Tamara Alisso 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; [email protected] (C.G.T.); [email protected] (T.A.) 2 Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; [email protected] 3 Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, Tacloban 6500, Philippines * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-909-651-5995; Fax: +1-909-558-0446 Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 9 May 2020; Published: 14 May 2020 Abstract: Research on the predominantly inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-PI) subtype/presentation is important given its high prevalence, but paradoxically it is under-recognized and undertreated. The temporal stability of the inattention symptom could impact the high worldwide prevalence of ADHD-PI. Some evidence suggests differences in the nature of attentional deficit in ADHD-PI vs. that in other subtypes. Impairments in neuropsychological, neurocognitive, and social functioning are also evident in ADHD-PI, which could be specific to the subtype (e.g., processing speed, social perception, and skills), or differ from others in severity. Neuroimaging studies have also revealed ADHD-PI-specific neuropathological abnormalities and those that are shared with other subtypes. ADHD-PI is highly comorbid with learning and internalizing (e.g., anxiety and depression) disorders. There is no solid evidence for ADHD-PI-specific genetic etiologies and differential responses of subtypes to ADHD medications.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Pain, Agitation and Delirium in The
    Controversies in Septic Shock Jerry Altshuler, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP MICU Clinical Pharmacy Specialist PGY-2 Critical Care Residency Program Director The Mount Sinai Hospital Drayton A. Hammond, PharmD, MBA, BCPS, BCCCP MICU Clinical Pharmacy Specialist PGY-2 Critical Care Residency Program Director Rush University Medical Center @hockeypharmd and @drdraymba Disclosure No disclosures to provide. Objectives At the completion of this activity, pharmacists will be able to: 1. Determine the role of vasopressin in septic shock 2. Recommend appropriate clinical settings for corticosteroids in septic shock 3. Explain strengths and limitations regarding current angiotensin II data At the completion of this activity, pharmacy technicians will be able to: 1. Identify advantages of vasopressin over catecholamine vasopressor 2. List endpoints that may be improved by corticosteroids in septic shock 3. Describe adverse events associated with angiotensin II Vasopressin: PRO (catecholamine-sparing & vasopressin-deficiency) Catecholamine-sparing Strategy • Catecholamine derivatives (e.g., NE, Epi) associated with adverse events and tachyphylaxis • Increased catecholamine exposure associated with cardiotoxicity and greater mortality Chest. 2013;143(3):664-71. Sepsis-induced Myocardial Dysfunction • Occurs in 25-50% of septic shock • Left and right ventricular dysfunction • Potential sequelae of substantially elevated catecholamine levels (adrenergic storm) • Resultant downregulation of β-adrenoceptors • Exogenous catecholamines (e.g., NE) ensure available β- adrenoceptors stimulation but other receptors may be better target Crit Care Med. 2009;13(5):230. Vasopressin (AVP) • Effects: vasoconstriction, ACTH release, water retention • Endogenous AVP production rises rapidly then sharply declines in septic shock • Exogenous AVP (0.03-0.06 units/min) may resolve this relative AVP-deficient state Crit Care Med.
    [Show full text]
  • Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical Illness (Review)
    REVIEWS Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical illness (Review) DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12 Received October 25, 2019 Y.Y. Kiryachkov, MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Surgical and Resuscitation Technologies1; S.A. Bosenko, Anesthesiologist1; B.G. Muslimov, Deputy Chief Physician for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care2; M.V. Petrova, MD, DSc, Professor, Deputy Director1 1Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia; 2Konchalovsky Central City Hospital, 2, Bldg 1, Kashtanovaya Alley, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124489, Russia Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the brain in sepsis can cause severe systemic inflammation and even death. Numerous data confirmed the role of ANS dysfunction in the occurrence, course, and outcome of systemic sepsis. The parasympathetic part of the ANS modifies the inflammation through cholinergic receptors of internal organs, macrophages, and lymphocytes (the cholinergic anti- inflammatory pathway). The sympathetic part of ANS controls the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes by influencing β2-adrenergic receptors, causing the activation of intracellular genes encoding the synthesis of cytokines (anti-inflammatory beta2-adrenergic receptor interleukin-10 pathway, β2AR–IL-10). The interaction of ANS with infectious agents and the immune system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis or the appearance of a critical generalized infection. During inflammation, the ANS participates in the inflammatory response by releasing sympathetic or parasympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It is extremely important to determine the functional state of the ANS in critical conditions, since both cholinergic and sympathomimetic agents can act as either anti- or pro-inflammatory stimuli.
    [Show full text]
  • DRUGS POTENTIALLY AFFECTING MIBG UPTAKE Rev. 26 Oct 2009
    DRUGS POTENTIALLY AFFECTING MIBG UPTAKE rev. 26 Oct 2009 EXCLUDED MEDICATIONS DUE TO DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH ULTRATRACE I-131-MIBG Drug Class Generic Drug Name Within Class Branded Name Checked Cocaine Cocaine □ Dexmethylphenidate Focalin, Focalin XR □ CNS Stimulants (Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) Methylphenidate Concerta, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methylin, Methylin ER, Ritalin, Ritalin LA, □ Ritalin-SR, Daytrana benzphetamine Didrex □ Diethylpropion Tenuate, Tenuate Dospan □ Phendimetrazine Adipost, Anorex-SR, Appecon, Bontril PDM, Bontril Slow Release, Melfiat, Obezine, CNS Stimulants (Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor) □ Phendiet, Plegine, Prelu-2, Statobex Phenteramine Adipex-P, Ionamin, Obenix, Oby-Cap, Teramine, Zantryl □ Sibutramine Meridia □ Isocarboxazid Marplan □ Linezolid Zyvox □ Phenelzine Nardil □ Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors selegiline (MAOa at doses > 15 mg qd) Eldepryl, Zelapar, Carbex, Atapryl, Jumex, Selgene, Emsam □ Tranylcypromine Parnate □ Reserpine Generic only. No brands available. Central Monoamine Depleting Agent □ labetolol Non-select Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents Normodyne, Trandate □ Opiod Analagesic Tramadol Ultram, Ultram ER □ Pseudoephedrine Chlor Trimeton Nasal Decongestant, Contac Cold, Drixoral Decongestant Non- Drowsy, Elixsure Decongestant, Entex, Genaphed, Kid Kare Drops, Nasofed, Sympathomimetics : Direct Alpha 1 Agonist (found in cough/cold preps) Seudotabs, Silfedrine, Sudafed, Sudodrin, SudoGest, Suphedrin, Triaminic Softchews □ Allergy Congestion, Unifed amphetamine (various
    [Show full text]
  • Versión in Press ID 1828-Ing
    Versión in press ID 1828-ing Rev Chil Pediatr. 2020;91(5):767-772 CLINICAL CASE DOI: 10.32641/rchped.v91i5.1828 Adrenergic crisis as a debut form of a neuroblastoma Crisis adrenérgica como forma de debut de un neuroblastoma José Antonio Alonso Cadenasa, José Luis Almodóvar Martínb, María Isabel Iglesias Bouzasb, Raquel Jiménez Garcíac, Ana Serrano Gonzálezb aPediatric Emergency Department. Pediatric University Hospital Niño Jesús. Madrid, Spain bPediatric Intensive Care Unit. Pediatric University Hospital Niño Jesús. Madrid, Spain cPediatric Department. Pediatric University Hospital Niño Jesús. Madrid, Spain Received: February 20, 2020; Approved: May 17, 2020 What do we know about the subject matter of this study? What does this study contribute to what is already known? Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pe- We present an atypical form of debut in neuroblastoma with arte- diatrics and can appear along the entire sympathetic nerve chain. Its rial hypertension, tachycardia, sweating and irritability as an adre- most frequent clinical form of presentation is abdominal distension nergic storm due to the release of catecholamines. A broad differen- or pain. tial diagnosis should be made that includes cardiac and metabolic pathology (hypoglycemia) and/or poisoning. Abstract Keywords: Nephrology; The most common clinical presentation of neuroblastoma is an abdominal mass, but it can present Arterial Hypertension; with uncommon symptoms, such as adrenergic storm due to catecholamine release. Objective: To Oncology; describe an unusual presentation of neuroblastoma and the wide differential diagnosis that exists Neoplasms; in an infant with adrenergic symptoms. Clinical Case: A 7-week old female infant was evaluated Neuroblastoma due to a 3-week history of sweating and irritability associated with a 24-hour fever and respiratory distress.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article the Brain-Heart Connection in Takotsubo Syndrome: the Central Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, and Catecholamine Overload
    Hindawi Cardiology Research and Practice Volume 2020, Article ID 4150291, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4150291 Review Article The Brain-Heart Connection in Takotsubo Syndrome: The Central Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, and Catecholamine Overload Xiaopu Wang , Junyu Pei , and Xinqun Hu Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, e Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Hu’nan 410011, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xinqun Hu; [email protected] Received 20 December 2019; Accepted 13 February 2020; Published 9 March 2020 Guest Editor: Vicente Javier Clemente-Sua´rez Copyright © 2020 Xiaopu Wang et al. 0is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of acute heart failure syndrome triggered by intense psychological or physiological stress. TTS typically manifests as acute chest pain, dyspnea or syncope that mimics an acute myocardial infarction but does not involve coronary artery obstruction. 0e current understanding of the pathogenesis of TTS suggests that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation plays a central role. Specifically, stress can activate the SNS and lead to the over-release of catecholamine, which have toxic effects on myocardial tissue when present at excessive levels. However, the brain changes associated with TTS and the connection between the brain and the heart in patients with this disease remain unclear. In recent years, several published reports have revealed the role of this brain-heart connection in the pathogenesis of TTS.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphetamine-Related Drugs Neurotoxicity in Humans and in Experimental Animals: Main Mechanisms
    Progress in Neurobiology 155 (2017) 149–170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Neurobiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pneurobio Review article Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms Rosario Moratalla a[1_TD$IF],b,*, Amit Khairnar c, Nicola Simola d, Noelia Granado a,b, Jose Ruben Garcı´a-Montes a,b, Pier Francesca Porceddu d, Yousef Tizabi e, Giulia Costa d, Micaela Morelli d,f,g a Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain b CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain c Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic d Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy e Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA f Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy g National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and metham- Received 25 February 2015 phetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical studies have Received in revised form 4 September 2015 demonstrated that, besides having the potential for abuse, amphetamine-related drugs may also elicit Accepted 15 September 2015 neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects. The neurotoxic potentials of MDMA and METH to Available online 9 October 2015 dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons have been clearly demonstrated in both rodents and non- human primates. This review summarizes the species-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms Keywords: involved in MDMA and METH-mediated neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects, along with the most Dopamine important behavioral changes elicited by these substances in experimental animals and humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Withdrawal Syndrome of Psychotropic Drugs
    Human Journals Review Article October 2020 Vol.:19, Issue:3 © All rights are reserved by Bhanu Prakash Kamma et al. Withdrawal Syndrome of Psychotropic Drugs Keywords: Psychosis, Typical Antipsychotics, Atypical Antipsychotics, Treatment, Comorbid psychiatric illness ABSTRACT Belide Shravya, Bhanu Prakash Kamma*, Blessi Psychotropics are mainly prescribed to treat mental health Harshitha Middey disorders that have psychosis as a main symptom. There are Pharm.D* 4th year, PullaReddy Institute Of Pharmacy, certain categories of antipsychotics, First generation & second India. generation {Typical Antipsychotics & Atypical Antipsychotics}, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, Anti- Submission: 22 September 2020 anxiety, stimulants and some others for its treatment. Although Accepted: 28 September 2020 you we have heard the term “withdrawal” the term Published: 30 October 2020 “psychotropic discontinuation syndrome” may be new to us. Withdrawal syndrome of psychotropic drugs {Psychotropic discontinuation syndrome}, it is a name for the collection of the symptoms that may occur when someone suddenly stops psychotropic drugs or drastically lowers their dose. In the www.ijppr.humanjournals.com limited researches that does exists suggests that up to>50% of the people who stop taking psychotropics. There is no specific treatment other than reintroduction of the drug or substitution with the similar drug. The syndrome usually revolves in days or weeks also new neuropsychiatric symptoms including sensory changes, anxiety and agitation and all other symptoms as mentioned in the below introduction. This causes burden to the patient and his care takers, also impacts on mental health. A further compounding problem is the poor quality of care for many of those who do receive treatment. This article presents the various psychotropic drugs which causes complications and co-morbid psychiatric illness in brief with their respective discontinuation syndrome.
    [Show full text]