Case Study of a Secondary School Model for Special Needs Students at the Eagle Hill School
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University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1977 Case study of a secondary school model for special needs students at the Eagle Hill School. Dewey McGowen University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation McGowen, Dewey, "Case study of a secondary school model for special needs students at the Eagle Hill School." (1977). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 3421. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/3421 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CASE STUDY OF A SECONDARY SCHOOL MODEL FOR SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS AT THE EAGLE HILL SCHOOL A Dissertation Presented By DEWEY McGOVIEN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION November, 1977 Education Dewey McGowen 1 977 (c) All Rights Reserved ii CASE STUDY OF A SECOIJDARY SCHOOL MODEL FOR SPECIAL HEEDS STUDEHTS AT THE eagle hill SCHOOL A Dissertation Presented By DEWEY McGOWEN Approved as to style and content by: i i i ACKNOHEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation and gratitude to the many friends that gave me their enthusiastic support, understanding encouragement, and tim.e while carrying out this study. It would be inap- propriate net to single out the concern and dedication of my Dissertation Committee Chairman, Dr. Peter Wagschal , who has the courage to look at differences critically and be constructive in his criticisms, and invested expertise, time, and effort through the many crises of this course of study. Grateful acknowledgement is also extended to the members of my comimittee. Dr. Gene Orro and Dr. Robert Randolph, who gave up their valu- able time to assist and encourage. A special point of appreciation is made to Charles MacDonald, the Headmaster of Eagle Hill School, whose faith in the students and faculty was demonstrated miany times by his encouragement to go look, talk, and ask questions of anyone and everyone. He pointed out the school motto, "Do it for him, do it with him, watch him do it with him, watch him do it, and finally, let him do it himself." My indebtedness to Ms. Patricia Baskin, who contributed much time me humible and support from the study's inception to its conclusion, m.akes and enriched by her friendship. her kindness and assistance. To I thank Ms. Sheila K. Rooney for grateful for their under- Curtis, Heidi, and Lea Beth, my children, I am the support of my standing and sacrifices. Finally, I must acknov/ledge grandmother, and Jam,e parents, Dewey and Ann P. McGowen. Eria McGowen, m,y always there to help m,e with my children J. Curtis, my father-in-law, were which allowed me tp stay on task. IV ABSTRACT Case Study of a Secondary School Model for Special Needs Students at the Eagle Hill School (February, 1978) Dewey McGowen, B.S., Springfield College M.Ed., Boston University, Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Peter Wagschal This case study presents the formative and summative process of a private school serving special needs students in a secondary pro- gram. The school's philosophy and the administrative policies which implement it are outlined. Eagle Hill's educational program is designed to serve the academic and social needs of learning disabled students. The program's basic orientations are toward individualized education and student success, utilizing the linguistic method of teaching language arts mastery in a structured and supportive environment. The curriculum developed by Eagle Hill is presented in detail, subject. with a course outline and the objectives of each available The school's emphasis on mastery of basic language skills following the linguistic teaching method is evident. and information about Eagle On-site oDservations , interviews order to provide Hill's living and learning environment are presented in out its philosoph- illustrations of the ways in which the school carries not just the handicap. ical belief in treating the total child, V Data concerning student academic achievement for both the stu- dent body as a v/hole and for the population split into three groups ac- cording to I.Q. test scores was collected and analyzed. The data show significant results in two areas: 1. Lack of correlation between tested I.Q. and academic performance improvement at Eagle Hill; 2. The difference in gains between math and spelling lead to ques- tions about the centrality of these two areas to the learning disabled syndrome. Also included is a case study of randomly selected student, "Billy B.". The study follows Billy's progress through his educational program at Eagle Hill, provides linear perspective on the v;ays in which the various aspects of Eagle Hill's educational program are implemented and provides concrete examples of how the school's philosophy of treat- ing the whole child is successful. The major implication of the study is that Eagle Hill's program prepara- is a successful one, the only areas of reservation being career they tion and the lack of adequate follow-up studies on students after the leave the school. Residential ity may be an important factor in school's success. chiefly The study suggests several areas of further research, temporary residential for studies on the feasibility of public regional children. centers for the remediation of learning disabled vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter Page IV Art 148 (Cont'd) Wood and Metal Shop 151 Small Motor and Auto Repair 155 Afternoon Activity Classes 160 Photography - Filming 161 Extracurricular Activities 163 Typing 169 Health Education 171 Motor Training and Physical Education .... 172 Summary 175 V OBSERVATIONS 177 Students 177 Teachers 178 General Living Environment 182 VI STATISTICS 185 Student Assessment 185 201 Areas of Statistical Significance . General Remarks 203 VII CASE STUDY: "BILLY B." 207 Case Study . Summary .... 302 304 Implications . 305 VIII CONCLUSIONS . Significant Findings 305 Implementation 308 Implications and Suggested Areas of 314 Further Research 319 BIBLIOGRAPHY . LIST OF TABLES Tabl e Page 1 Mean Grade Level Performance Improvement of 57 Secondary Students at Eagle Hill School . 204 2 Comparison of Mean Grade Level Performance Improvement of 57 Secondary Students at Eagle Hill School Grouped According to Wise Test Scores 205 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Pagi 1 Table of Organization of Eagle Hill School ... 46 2 Supervisory Responsibilities to Students and Staff 47 3 Types of Classes Offered, Afternoon Activity Class 162 4 Tests Administered 186 X CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION One of the largest obstacles encountered by special needs stu- dents is our educational structure's continual underestimation of their potential. With the exception of a relatively small number of progres- sive secondary schools, the public educational system has failed to deal with the learning needs of individual special needs students or their mainstreaming, career education, and guidance problems. In many public high schools, programs for special needs students are inadequate or non-existent. A redefinition of current public secondary school instructional programs has been mandated by the needs of our rapidly changing, complex right of society and by federal and state legislation guaranteeing the inability of many all children to a free and appropriate education. The programs has local school systems to provide appropriate educational offer instructional forced them to turn to those private schools which special needs students. strategies based on the individual differences of ample rationale for close This deficiency in public education provides an needs students at private study of the programs available to special secondary schools. compiling of information As an initial step in the necessary used by private secondary schools about the programs being developed and 1 . 2 for special needs students, this descriptive case study of one such in- stitution, the Eagle Hill School in Hardwick, Massachusetts, will ful- fill the following objectives; 1. To provide a detailed description of the formative process util- ized by Eagle Hill School for the delivery of educational ser- vices to special needs, secondary school students, including the areas of educational philosophy and purpose, administrative and supervisory policies, and implementation procedures. 2. To provide in-depth information concerning the objectives, con- tent, and methods of delivery of Eagle Hill's curriculum. 3. To provide an overview of Eagle Hill's educational climate and function through personal observation of and interviews with students and teachers and observations concerning Eagle Hill's general living environment. 4. To provide specific information on Eagle Hill's student assess- ment procedures; to present, describe and analyze statistics concerning student progress in assessed areas during their stay at Eagle Hill School selected student in or- 5. To present the case study of a randomly and summer- der to provide linear perspective on the formative and to provide tive process of Eagle Hill's educational model, findings concerning concrete examples to illustrate statistical the student population. 3 6. Finally, to analyze and summarize significant findings of the study and to outline implications and explore avenues of re- search suggested by the findings. History The right of American children to a free public education has long been one of our society's most cherished concepts. Deeply rooted in the egalitarian ideal on which the country was founded, our belief in access to public education has historically been considered so basic to the health of the nation that it has been included as a requirement of most State constitutions. The concept is fair, just, and consistent with our democratic ideals.