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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY DRAFT REPORT

September 2020

Land Acquisition for the Construction of Bridge Connecting Outpost and Kainakari and its Approach Road in District

Requiring Body SIA Unit

PWD, Bridges Division Ms. Princy Jacob Alappuzha B-7, Soumya Nagar, 3rd line, Alinchuvadu, Edappally P.O, -24

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SIA Study Report-Land Acquisition for the Construction of Bridge Connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and it Approach Road in

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1- SUMMARY

CHAPTER 2 DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 3 TEAM COMPOSITIONAPPROACH, METHODOLOGY

AND SCHEDULE OF THE SOCIALIMPACT ASSESSMENT

CHAPTER 4 LAND ASSESSMENT

CHAPTER 5 ESTIMATION AND ENUMERATION (WHERE REQUIRED)

OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AND ASSETS

CHAPTER 6 SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL PROFILE

(AFFECTED AREA AND RESSETLEMENT SITE)

CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 8 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CHAPTER 9 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET AND

FINANCING OF MITIGATION PLAN

CHAPTER 10 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION

CHAPTER 11 ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS AND RECOMMENDATION ON ACQUISITION

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CHAPTER 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1. Project and Public Purpose

Alappuzha is the most densely populated district in . It is the city and a municipality in Kerala with an urban population of 174,164 and situated 28km from , 46km from and 53km from Kochi and 155km north of Thrivananadapuram. The total extent of area is 1414 Sq.Km of which the main city comprises an area of 3.64% of the Kerala state. It is an important tourist destination in . The Backwaters and houseboat cruise of Alappuzha are the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala.

This project is for the construction of bridge connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari in Alappuzha district. This bridge connects NH66 and Kuppappuram- road that eventually connects the Ambalapuzha- road and Alappuzha- Changanassery road.

Section 2(1) b(i) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013 provides for the acquisition of land by appropriate Government for its own use, including for public sector undertakings and for public purpose. The proposed land acquisition for the Construction of the bridge connecting Pallathuruthy outpost and Kainakari and its Approach Road comes within the purview of public purpose of infrastructure projects.

1.2. Location

The proposed project area belongs to Ward 9 of Alappuzha Municipality and Ward 15 of Kainakari Grama Panchayath. The project area comes under village of Taluk and Kainakari North village of Kuttanadu Taluk.

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1.3. Size and Attributes

The proposed project for the construction of bridge connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and its approach requires acquiring 1.1660 hectres (288 cents) of land in Mullakkal and Kainakari North Villages of Alappuzha district. Forty-Eight percentage of the land required comes under “Dry Land “category, 43% of the land is “Wet Land” and 9% is Puramboke.

1.4 Alternatives considered

Not Applicable

1.5 Social Impacts

The major adverse impacts of the land acquisition for the said project are:

 The project will directly affect 21 title holders and 1 non-title holder in the project area  Twelve residential houses and three commercial establishments will be displaced from the project area.  Livelihood source of three families will be lost.  Requirement of demolition of 16 structures (partially/ fully) that includes structures of Houses/ Shops/ Government building.

 The land acquisition will affect seven properties in the project area using for paddy cultivation.

Based on the outcome of socio- economic survey and interview with various stakeholders of the project, the Social Impact Assessment Study team suggests the following mitigation measures to reduce the negative impacts:

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In accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement, Act 2013, the Kerala Rules made there under and the Notifications issued by the Government from time to time the Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Compensation Procedures are to be undertaken.  Avoid the procedural delay in the land acquisition process and provide compensation for the affected families at the earliest.  Execute the speedy implementation of rehabilitation procedures by considering the displacement from the project area as the severest impact of the project.  In addition to the compensation for the loss of land, provide compensation for the loss of trees and the income from paddy cultivation.  Avoid delay in the Livelihood restoration activities for the affected families.  Acquire the land left as useless due to the acquisition of land.  Undertake precautions and safety measures to avoid environmental hazards that may cause due to the project.  Reinstall public utilities like Electricity lines, electric poles, drinking water pipelines, etc. whenever those are shifted for project purpose.  Ensure the alternate arrangements for the movement of the people during the construction period and healthy disposal of wastage arise out of construct

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CHAPTER 2 DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. Background of the Project, including developer’s background and governance/management structure Alappuzha is gifted with great natural beauty with the Laccadive Sea on its west. The town has network of lakes, lagoons and fresh water rivers. It is seen that there has been a steep increase in volume of vehicles on the city roads. The lack of need based public transport system and absence of any mass rapid transport system to commensurate with the development and increased vehicle population have further aggravated the problem.

Pallathuruthy is a small village in Ambalappuzha Taluk in Alappuzha district of Kerala. It comes under Mullakkal village in Alappuzha Municipality. It is located 7 km from District Headquarters, Alappuzha. belongs to Kainakari north village of Taluk in Alappuzha district. It belongs to lower Kuttanadu and the main occupation of the people of Kainakary is agriculture where paddy cultivation is of prime importance. This village is famous for high scenic beauty caused by green paddy fields and mind blowing beauty of backwaters. At present, there is no connectivity between Alappuzha and North Kainakari. The residents of this village depend boat service to reach Alappuzha for availing various services including education.

This project is for the construction of bridge connecting Pallathuruthy outpost and Kainakary over River Pampa in Alappuzha district. This bridge connects NH66 and Kuppappuram-Karuvatta road, which eventually connects the Ambalappuzha-Thiruvalla road, and Alappuzha-Changanassery road. The proposed project area is near Pallathuruthy outpost. This is near the bell mouth of the commercial canal of Alappuzha town joining the Pampa River. The upcoming bridge over the Pampa River improves the scenic beauty of the village and usher in development in the nearby areas.

2.1.1. Implementing Agencies

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2.1.1. (a). Public Works Department (PWD)

PWD Bridges division, Alappuzha is the requiring body of the project. Kerala Public Works Department is responsible for maintenance and development of road network in Kerala state. Kerala Government has decided to take up infrastructure development works –stimulus package, for improving and upgrading the sub arterial roads connecting the major district roads, state high ways, different constituencies etc, to accelerate the infrastructure development of the district for the speedy and smooth transportation facility within the district by implementing the project.

2.1.1.(b). Land Acquisition Authority

Special Tahsildar (LA General), Alappuzha is the Land Acquisition Officer (LAO) for the proposed project. The responsibility of land acquisition process is vested on him.

2.2. Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act. People regularly at Kainakari use boats to access Alappuzha town. However, the boats are available from 7am to 8pm and in case of emergencies like hospital needs, it is difficult to reach the town. The construction of an RCC Bridge is necessary in order for the communities to develop and combat their recent state of improvement. Currently the villages around 12km area such as from Kainakary, Mullakkal etc. reach Alappuzha town. The bridge will bring these isolated villages closer to the city of Alappuzha and Changanassery thereby reducing transportation costs and accelerating agricultural production.The proposed bridge connects Alappuzha and Chanaganssery town, the major marketing centre of this area. This bridge proposal gives short access to educational institutions.

Section 2(1) b (i) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013 provides for the acquisition of land by appropriate Government for its own use, including for public sector undertakings and for public purpose. The public purposes, as defined under this Section of the Act include and shall include the purpose of Infrastructure projects which includes

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all activities or items listed in the notification of the in the Department of Economic Affairs (Infrastructure Section) number 13/6/2009-INF, dated 27th March 2012. The proposed project for land acquisition comes within the purview of public purpose of infrastructure projects.The proposed land acquisition for the Construction of the bridge connecting Pallathuruthy outpost and Kainakari and its Approach Road comes within the purview of public purpose of infrastructure projects.

2.3. Details of Project size, location, capacity, outputs production targets, cost, risks The proposed project for the construction of bridge connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari. The risks of this project are not anticipated. The total expenditure expected including land acquisition costs for this project is Rs.59,50,00,000. 2.4 Examination of Alternatives Not Applicable 2.5.Core design features and size and type of facilities The proposed project includes Bridge and Approach Road a. Bridge The bridge connects Pallathuruthy and Kainakari, which proceeds to NH 66. The carriageway of the Bridge is 7.50m with 1.50m footpath on either side. b. Approach Road Formation and development of approach road designed is for a length of 60 m balancing berm and 150 m road on Kainakary side, formation, and development of approach road for a length of 20m, 2.5Km road on Alappuzha side extend up to Kallupalam in Kaithavana zero Jn. Road. Service road for a length of 180 m on Alappuzha side, 400m on Kainakari the side is also proposed. 2.6. Need for ancillary infrastructure facilities Not Applicable 2.7. Workforce requirements (temporary and permanent) The work force is equipped with Modern machineries and planned manpower in various range in terms of skilled, semi- skilled and un-skilled labourers. 2.8. Details of Social Impact Assessment /Environment Impact Assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports

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Social Impact Assessment study was not conducted earlier. However, the environmental Impact Assessment was done in 2017. The study showed that all the impacts are of short- term duration due to construction activities, which can be mitigated by adopting proper management measures (EMIP).

2.9 Applicable law and policies The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed project are given below:  The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.  The Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.  Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for Land Acquisition in the State in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017.

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CHAPTER 3 TEAM COMPOSITION, APPROACH, METHODOLOGY AND SCHEDULE OF THE SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Section 4(1) of RFCTLARR Act, 2013, mandates to carry out a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study in consultation with the concerned local bodies, whenever the appropriate Government intends to acquire land for a public purpose. For fulfilling this requirement, Ms.Princy Jacob has been assigned to conduct the Social Impact Assessment study and prepare a Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) for the Land Acquisition proposed for the Construction of Bridge Connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and its Approach Road in Alappuzha District. (Refer Kerala Gazette (Extraordinary) Number 1661, dated 04.07.2020).

3.1 List of SIA team members with qualification The study team included experienced and competent people in the field and similar areas particularly social impact assessment studies and assigned them specific responsibilities. The details of the study team are shown in the table given below. Table3.1. Social Impact Assessment Study Team

Name Educational Qualification Experience and Designation

Princy Jacob M.S.W, Chairperson 23 years’ experience in development sector Midhun M.S.W, Research 4 years’ experience in Mathew Associate development sector

Aijan.C.A B.A, B.Ed, Field 27 years’ experience in Investigator development sector

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Girish V.M B. A 8 years’ experience in development sector

3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the Social Impact Assessment

The study team conducted site visits and met the representatives of Alappuzha Municipality and Kainakari Grama Panchayath. The list of affected persons has been prepared according to the LA stone alignments and data from the Revenue Department. Socio-economic survey was conducted among the project-affected families and in-depth interviews with Local Self Government representatives were done as part of data collection. The land related data was collected from the affected families were rechecked with the land records at Mullakkal village and Kainakari village offices. The proposed project details were collected from PWD Bridges Division, Alappuzha. Draft Report of Social Impact Study was prepared based on the data collected through the primary and secondary data sources. Information collected through the above-mentioned methods formed the base of Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP). 3.3. Sampling Methodology used Since the proposed project affects each family differently, the census method of data collection was adopted. The data collection was therefore comprised of all project-affected families both Titleholders and Non-title holders. Key Informant Interviews with Local Self Government representatives also were done.

3.4 Overview of information/data source used The study team relied on primary sources and secondary sources for data collection. The primary source is information from people directly affected by the project, the owners of the land holdings and renters who have been operating in the project area for the last three years. Secondary sources include land records from the Revenue Department and Detailed Project Report (DPR) from PWD Bridges Division, Alappuzha. 3.5. Schedule of consultations and brief description of public hearings conducted

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Section 5 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of 2013 mandates the holding of a Public Hearing at the affected area to ascertain the views of the affected families. Rule 14 of the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015, also has the provision. In accordance with this, a public hearing is scheduled on 27 July 2020 from 11 am to 12.30 pm at Muslim Jama Ath Madrasa Hall, Pallathuruthy for the affected families at Mullakkal Village. On the same day, another Public Hearing is scheduled from 2.00 to 3.00 pm at Mini Hall, Homeo Hospital, Kainakari for the affected families at Kainakari North village. The notification of the public hearing in Form No.5 of RFCTLARR Act, 2013 was given in the newspapers, Daily and Rashtra Deepika. Due to the spreading of COVID-19, the hearing was postponed and rescheduled to conduct at the same venue and time on 15th September 2020.

Table 3.2. Schedule of Activities Date Activities

30.09.2019 Letter from the district collector, Alappuzha Entrusting SIA Study

06.11.2019 Preliminary site visit and stakeholder meeting

11.12.2019 Preliminary Visit to the project affected area

04.07.2020 4 (1) Notification

July 2020 Socio Economic Survey and meeting with LSG members

July 2020 Secondary data collection and verification of land details

15.07.2020 Newspaper Notification regarding Public Hearing

27.07.2020 Public Hearing postponed due to COVID-19

15.09.2020 Public Hearing

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CHAPTER 4 LAND ASSESSMENT 4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources

The project area belongs to Pallathuruthy, Ward 8 in the Alappuzha Municipality on one side and Kuppappuram in Ward 15 of Kainakari Grama Panchayath on either side.The project area is nearly 7 km from Alappuzha.

Fig. 4.1.Map of Proposed Land for Acquisition

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project

As per the current Land Acquisition alignment plan, the data received from the field shows that 20 families, the property possessed by Police Department and 2c public roads would be directly affected due to the proposed project. Project affected families includes the landowners and one tenant.

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4.3 Total Land requirement for the project 1.1660 Hectre of land is the total required for the proposed project. As per the government notification, Twenty-three land holdings at Mullakkal village in Ambalappuzha Taluk and 44 land holdings at Kainakari North village of Kuttanadu Taluk will come under the land acquisition process. The land to be acquired from Alappuzha side is 108 cents and 180 cents from Kainakari side.

4.4. Present Use of any Public, Utilized land near the project Area.

No Public utilized land is present near the project.

4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project

No land is purchased, leased or acquired earlier for the proposed project.

4.6. Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project

The project area belongs to two LSG areas, one is Kainakari Grama Panchayath and the other is in the Alappuzha Municipality area. The major portion of the land to be acquired at Kainakari Grama Panchayath is Paddy land and in Pallathuruthy side, it is dry land which is used for residential purposes. The paddy land of the affected area has been used for rice cultivation below sea level which is done twice a year.

4.7. Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns

The following diagram depicts the Nature of the land proposed for acquisition. Out of the total land area 47.8% of land comes under the category of “Dry Land”. 43.2% of the land is in “Wet Land” category and 9% is Puramboke. Major portion of the land to be acquired from Kainakari is Wet Land. The land acquisition will affect the paddy cultivation in the project area. The paddy cultivation is done twice year by the farmers at Kainakari village.

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Figure 4.2 Nature of Land

47.8 50 43.2 45 40 35 30 25

20 Percentahe 15 9 10 5 0 Dry Land Wet Land Puramboke

4.8. Size of Holdings and Ownership Pattern

The data from revenue department, land records and information received from the respondent’s shows that among the properties to be acquired 61 properties are Private, and 6 properties are Puramboke.

Table.4.1. Size of holdings and ownership details

Sl. Survey. Ownership of land Extent(in Ha) No. No Mullakkal Village Block 80 1 150 Private

2 151 Private

3 152 Private

4 153 Private

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5 154 Private

6 155 Private

7 156 Private

8 157 Private

9 158 Private

10 159 Private

11 160 Private

12 161 Private

13 162 State Government

14 176 Private

15 177 Private

16 178 Private

17 179 Private

18 180 Private

19 181 Private

20 182 State Government

21 183 Private

22 187 State Government

23 210 Private

Kainakari North Village Block 7 1.1660 Hectre 1 101/1 Private 2 101/2 Private 3 101/4 Private 4 102/1 Private

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5 102/2 Private 6 102/3 Private 7 102/4 Private 8 102/5 Private 9 105/3 Private 10 105/6 Private 11 105/13 Private 12 106/1 Private 13 106/2 Private 14 106/3 Private 15 106/4 Private

16 106/5 Private

17 106/6 Private

18 106/7 Private

19 106/8 Private

20 106/9 Private 21 106/10 Private 22 106/11 Private

23 106/12 Private

24 107/1 Private

25 107/9 Private

26 107/12 Private

27 111/3 Private

28 111/9 Private

29 112/1 Private

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30 112/2 Private 31 112/3 Private

32 117/1 Private 33 117/2 Private 34 118/1 Puramboke

35 118/2 Private

36 118/3 Private

37 119/1 Puramboke 38 119/2 Private

39 119/3 Private

40 123/1 Puramboke 41 123/2 Private

42 123/3 Private

43 123/4 Private

44 123/5 Private

Total 1.1660 Hectre (Source: Kerala Gazette (Extraordinary) Number 1661, dated 04.07.2020).

4.9. Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years

As per the information given by the respondents, no changes were done in the ownership and transfer of land over the last three years. Recently, the use of one property has changed to residential purpose, earlier it was open land.

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CHAPTER 5 ESTIMATION AND ENUMERATION (WHERE REQUIRED) OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AND ASSETS

This chapter comprises of the details of the families that are directly and indirectly affected by the project.

5.1 Estimation of families 5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired)

The directly affected families of the proposed project are 20 families. It is included of 19 families of title holders and 1 family of Non-title holders. Moreover that, the Police assistance and Tourism Protection Centre will be affected due to acquisition.

5.1.2. Social Background of the Directly Affected families

Table 5.1. Religion of the affected families

Religion Number

Hindu 3

Muslim 17

Total 100

The above table shows the religion of the affected families 17 families belong to Muslim and 3 families belong to Hindus. All families belong to OBC Category.

5.2. Families of Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers who have lost any of their Forest Rights No families belong to this category are found in the project area.

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5.3. Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood Nil

5.4. Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government Under any of its Schemes and such land is under acquisition Nil 5.5. Families which have been Residing on any land in the Urban Areas for Preceding three years or more prior to the acquisition of land

Not Applicable

5.6. Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition

Three families depend on the land being acquired as their primary source of livelihood. Five families will lose their additional sources of income.

5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands)

Nil

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands

The land acquisition will affect 19 properties in Mullakkal village and 10 properties from Kainakari village. Twelve residential houses and three commercial buildings may come in the impact of displacement. The livelihood source of three families will be lost due to acquisition. Part of a public road and property possessed by Police department will be affected. The buildings in the possession of Police department, which function as Tourism protection and Police Assistance Centre at Pallathuruthy. Seven agricultural properties will be acquired as perf the current plan. Electricity Poles, Telephone cables, Street Light and Drinking water Pipelines may be shifted from the existing position.

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CHAPTER 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL PROFILE

6.1. Demographic Details of the Population in the Project affected area:

The SIA team identified 20 families as project affected which constitute 85 people. There are 37 males and 48 females in the project affected population. Demographic details of the project-affected families studied are analyzing below:

Fig. 6.1: Age wise distribution of the affected population

Age in Years 23.5 25 22 20 20 16.5 15.3 15 10.6 10 7.1

Percentage 5 0 0-5 6-18 19-25 26-35 36-49 50-60 Above 60 Age in Years

Table 6.1: Marital Status of the affected population

Marital Status Percentage

Married 54.2

Unmarried 15.3

Widow/widower 8.2

Not Applicable(Children 22.3 below 18 years)

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Table 6.1 shows that 54.2%of the project affected population are married, 15.3% population are unmarried, 8.2% are widow/widower.

Fig.6.2.Education level of the Population

Percentage 25 22.7 18.2 20 16 13.6 15 11.4 10 6.8 4.5 4.5 5 2.3 0

Illiterate Lower Primary Upper Primary High School Plus 2 Degree Post Graduate Technical Professional

6.2. Income and Poverty Level of the Affected Families

Fig.6.3. Colour of Ration Card

Colour of Ration Card

25, 25% 35, 35%

40, 40%

Blue Pink White

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Fig.6.2 shows the type of ration card, based on the classification by Public Distribution System.35% affected families possess white colour ration card, 40% have have pink and 25% have blue colour ration card. The families having pink ration cards are in lower socio-economic category.

Fig.6.4 Monthly Family Income

Percentage 35 30 30 30 25 25

20

15

10 Percentage 10 5 5

0 Below 5000 5001-10,000 10001-15,000 15,001-20,000 Above 20,000 Axis Title

The above figure illustrates that 30% of the families belong to income below Rs.5000 and above Rs.20,000. Twenty-five percentage of the project affected families have monthly family income of Rs.5, 001- 10,000 and 10% of the families have monthly income of Rs.10001-15,000. 6.3 Vulnerable groups RFCTLARR Act, 2013 entitles special provisions for the SC/ST population. The project may not affect any SC/ST families. Children below 18 years and population above 60 years are vulnerable groups. 29.1 % of the population is below the age of 18years and 10.6% is elderly population. 6.4. Land Use and Livelihood: The affected families use nine properties at Pallathuruthy and three properties at Kainakari for residential purpose. Three families at Pallathuruthy use their property for

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commercial and residential purpose. Additionally, one non- titleholder at Pallathuruthy use the property for business that is the only source of income for the affected family. The project-affected families at Kainakari use seven properties for agriculture purpose, which is paddy land. Agriculture is the major livelihood source of one family in the project area. Three properties are Government land; currently the buildings of police department exists in one property and two properties are used as public road. Table 6.2 Land Use

Number of Number of Properties - Properties Type of Use Pallathuruthy –Kainakari Agriculture 0 7 Residential 9 3 Residential & Commercial 3 0

Business 1 0 Open land 1 1 Public Road 2 0 Private Road 1 0 Police Dept. Building 1 0

Total 18 11

6.5. Local Economic Activities

Tourism or related business are the major economic activities engaged by the people in the project area.

6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods

Alappuzha, being a tourist place and well known for House Boats, provides employment opportunities for the people in Alappuzha. The families in the project area

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mainly depend on tourism sector or business related tourism for their livelihood. Due to Corona-19, the houseboats are idle and the people engaged in tourism sector are jobless. Few people working outside the project area mainly are engaged in unorganized sector or government employment. Agriculture is an additional source of income for the families at Kainakari.

6.7. Kinship Pattern and Social and Cultural Organization:

Six project affected families are nuclear families, 13 are joint families and one family has single member. 6.8 Administrative organization

No administrative organizations is present in the area, the project area at Kainakari belongs to Kainakari Grama Panchayath and Pallathuruthy belongs to Alappuzha Municipality. 6.9 Political organization The project may not affect any Political organizations in the project area.

6.10. Community based and civil society organizations

Except Kudumbasree groups, no other community based or civil society organizations are active in the area.

6.11. Regional Dynamics and Historical Change Process

6.12. Quality of the living environment

The project area at Pallathuruthy is part of Alappuzha Municipality and has good access to health care, education and transportation facilities. For availing all these service, the people can easily access Alappuzha town. However, Kainakari is a village with less connectivity. The primary health care facility and education institutions for school education are available in the village. For higher education and secondary health care needs the people have to reach Alappuzha town. Boat service is the main transportation facility for the village, which is not available during late evenings.

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CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. Approaches to Mitigation

In compliance with “The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”, Social Impact Assessment Report and Social Impact Management Plan is mandatory for the land acquisition process. The prime objectives of the SIA is to understand the nature and characteristics of the project, to identify the potential positive and negative impact of the land acquisition, to devise a plan to mitigate the adverse effects and to maximize the social benefits generated by the project. For the preparation of SIA study report and Social Impact Management Plan of land acquisition for this proposed project, the SIA team collected the data from the project- affected families, key informant interviews conducted with LSG leaders in Alappuzha Municipality and Kainakari Panchayath. These strategies were used to identify appropriate measures to mitigate the impacts among the affected population.

7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact

 Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Compensation Procedures should be undertaken in accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement, Act 2013, the Kerala Rules made there under and the Notifications issued by the Government from time to time.  Speedy implementation of rehabilitation procedures by considering the displacement from the project area as the severest impact of the project.  In addition to the land value, provide compensation for the loss of trees and income from paddy cultivation for the affected families.  Livelihood restoration activities to be done without delay.

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 Provide priority to the families belonging to the vulnerable groups in rehabilitation and resettlement scheme.  Acquire the land left as useless due to the acquisition of land.  Speedy reinstallation of public utilities like Electricity lines, electric poles, drinking water pipelines, etc. when it is shifted for project purpose.  Alternate arrangements for the movement of the people during construction period and healthy disposal of wastages arise out of construction, should be ensured.

7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act

Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Compensation Procedures should be undertaken in accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement, Act 2013, the Kerala Rules made there under and the Notifications issued by the Government from time to time.

7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal

The total amount estimated for the project cost including land acquisition is Rs.59,50,000,00.

7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA

Not Applicable

7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy

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To mitigate the social impacts of the proposed land acquisition, R&R package should be provided to the families as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013. The time plan and procedures stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015 is applicable for the mitigation plan.

Table 7.1 Mitigation Plan

Sl. Impact Mitigation Measures Time Plan No.

1 Loss of land Compensation (as per 1st schedule The timeline for of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013) awarding of compensation, 2 Loss of structures Compensation (as per 1st schedule rehabilitation and attached to land of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013) resettlement 3 Loss of livelihood packages to be Comply with State Policy for complied as per the Rehabilitation and Resettlement RFCTLAR&R Act, Package for Land Acquisition in 2013 the State in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017.

4 Displacement of The timeline for Comply with State Policy for families awarding of Rehabilitation and Resettlement compensation,

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Package for Land Acquisition in rehabilitation and the State in lieu of RFCTLARR resettlement Act 2013 vide packages to be GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated complied as per 29/12/2017. the RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013 Priority to be given for vulnerable groups

5 Acquisition of Acquire the properties on request During the land useless land or from the affected parties acquisition period property

6 Loss of income Provide compensation The timeline for from Trees/paddy considering the income from awarding of cultivation trees or paddy compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement packages to be complied as per the RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013

7 Shifting of public Alternate arrangements to be Initiate activities utilities-drinking done to reinstall the utilities from the beginning water pipelines, of the construction electric poles activities

8 Damages to the Rectify the damage caused due to Initiate activities utilities in the acquisition or do alternate from the beginning properties of arrangements with the

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affected families involvement of the affected of the construction due to acquisition parties activities process

9 Public mobility Implement measures by the Initiate activities hindering and project executing agency from the beginning waste formation of the construction during activities construction period

7.7 The Social Impact Management Plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Not Applicable

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CHAPTER 8 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures

RFCTLARR Act, 2013, the Rules made there under and the notifications issued by the Government from time to time envisages the Institutional structures and key person responsible for implementing mitigation measures.

RTFCTLARR Act, 2013 Sec.43 defines that the Administrator appointed by the State Government would be the person responsible for the Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence, directions, and control of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme shall vest in the Administrator. The Administrator appointed for the Land Acquisition for the Construction of Bridge Connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and its Approach is Deputy Collector, (LA), Alappuzha.

The following committees have the role for monitoring the rehabilitation and resettlement activities of Land Acquisition:

1. Rehabilitation and Resettlement committee at Project 2. Committee at project level: The Section 45 of the RFCTLARR Act, 2013 and Rule 23 of the Kerala RFCTLARR Rules, 2015 provides for the of a Rehabilitation and Resettlement committee at project level to monitor and review the progress of implementation of the rehabilitation and resettlement scheme.

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3. The State Monitoring Committee for Rehabilitation and Resettlement: The State Monitoring Committee to be constituted by the Government under section 50 of RFCTLARR Act 2013.

8.2 Specify the Role of Non-Governmental Organisation, if any Not applicable

8.3 Indicate Capacities Required and Capacity Building Plan, Including Technical Assistance, if any Not applicable

8.4 Timelines for Each Activity Timeline of activities will be as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.

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CHAPTER 9 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET AND FINANCING OF MITIGATION PLAN

9.1. Costs of all Resettlement and Rehabilitation Costs A provision of Rs.5, 40, 00, 000 is estimated for the land acquisition on Alappuzha side and Rs.86, 60,000 on Kainakari side. The total amount allocated for land acquisition is 6, 26, 00,000. 9.2. Annual budget and plan of action Not Applicable 9.3. Funding sources with breakup The total cost of the project is Rs.59,50,00,000 which will be funded by KIFB.

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CHAPTER 10 SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION

10.1 Key Monitoring and Evaluative indicators

The key indicators devised for the currently proposed land acquisition is given below:  Time taken to prepare and approve the rehabilitation and resettlement Scheme.  The amount of compensation provided for land acquisition.  The time taken to disburse the compensation amount to the Project affected families.  Activities undertaken as per the mitigation measures stated in the Social Impact Management Plan.

10.2. Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles Reporting and monitoring should be in accordance with The Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015. 10.3 Plan for independent evaluation Independent evaluation is not envisaged. The process will be evaluated by officials as mandated by RFCTLARR Act, 2013.

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CHAPTER 11 ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS AND RECOMMENDATION ON ACQUISITION

11.1. Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs

The proposed project of construction of bridge connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari in Alappuzha aims to bring the isolated villages like Kainakari, Mullakkal etc. closer to the city of Alappuzha and Changanassery. The project will be beneficial to the people in these villages to reach the city easily and thereby it will reduce the transportation cost for accessing the city for various needs. The infrastructure development is a significant factor for the development of rural or urban areas. The connectivity to the mainland will support the villagers to improve the quality of life of the people. The positive impact of the project will be reach to wider area and lot of people. The financial benefits includes the savings in travel time and transportation cost.

Alappuzha is an important tourism destination in India. The backwaters and houseboats cruise of Alappuzha are the most popular tourist attractions in Kerala. Farm is being developed as a relatively new tourism product. Being an agricultural dominated state, has tremendous potential for developing Farm Tourism in a big way without additional investment. By connecting the two portions of the villages by the bridge gives way to improve tourism attraction. Tourism is one of the livelihood sources for the affected families as they are engaged in occupation related to tourism or business. Development of new avenues of tourism will provide more employment opportunities and their by improve the quality of life of the population in the project area.

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As per Section 2(1) b(i) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013 the proposed land acquisition for the Construction of the bridge connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and its Approach Road comes within the purview of public purpose of infrastructure projects.

The project requires 1.1660 hectres (288 cents) of land for acquisition that will directly affect 20 families that includes 21 Titleholders and 1 Non-Title Holder. In addition to this, three State Government properties may be affected. The land acquisition will affect 29 properties in various survey numbers, either partially or fully.

Twelve residential houses, two commercial buildings, one semi pucca shop may come in the impact of displacement. Except three houses at Kainakari all structures belong to Pallathuruthy area. Paddy cultivation of seven agricultural properties in Kainakari area will be affected. The livelihood source of three families will be lost due to the project.

Thirteen titleholders are willing to surrender their land if reasonable compensation is provided for them. The adverse impacts of the project can be reduced, if the mitigation measures are done as outlined in the Social Impact Management Plan.

The study team also suggests the following measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project:  Rehabilitation, Resettlement and Compensation Procedures should be undertaken in accordance with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement, Act 2013, the Kerala Rules made there under and the Notifications issued by the Government from time to time.  Implement the land acquisition process at the earliest and avoid delay in awarding compensation for the affected families.  Considering the displacement from the project area as the severest impact of the project, priority should be given for the families to be displaced from the project area.

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 Compensation for Livelihood restoration activities to be done immediately.  Provide priority to the families belonging to the vulnerable groups in rehabilitation and resettlement scheme.  Acquire the land left as useless due to the acquisition.  Precautions and safety measures are to be taken to avoid environmental hazards that may cause due to the project.  Speedy reinstallation of public utilities like Electricity lines, electric poles, drinking water pipelines, etc. if it is shifted for project purpose.  Alternate arrangements for the movement of the people during construction period and healthy disposal of wastages arise out of construction, should be ensured.

11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

In light of the above findings and after balancing the pros and cons of the project, the Social Impact Assessment Team unanimously reaches the conclusion that the social and economic benefits of the project outweigh its negative impacts if proper mitigation plan as outlined in this report is put in place. Thus, SIA team recommends going forward with the land acquisition procedures as per the current plan.

SIA Study Report-Land Acquisition for the Construction of Bridge Connecting Pallathuruthy Outpost and Kainakari and it Approach Road in Alappuzha District