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NEARCTIC SAWFLIES II. Selandriinae: Adults (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

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NEARCTIC SAWFLIES II. Selandriinae: Adults (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) ~ 12.8 11111 2.5 1.0 1.0 Iii .. IIU~ :: w 12.2 1.:.1 W ~ iii ~ 2.0 :..... 1=== --1.1 "'.... 111111.25 ""'1.4 111111.6 111111.25 ""'1.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TES, CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU Of SlANDARDS-1963·A NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-1963-A NEARCTIC SAWFLIES II. Selandriinae: Adults _ (Hymenoptera: . Tenthredinidae)_ By DAVID R. SMITH Technical Bulletin No. 1398 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C. Issued September 1969 For sale by the SuperlnitenOOIlJ!: of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C'. 20402 - Price 40 cents Contents Page Systematic arrangement______________ _______________ __ ___________ __ 3 Key to Selanc.iriinae genera _________________________________ ._______ 5 Tribe Strungylogasterini ___ __ _____ __ __ _________ ___ __ _____ ____ __ __ _ _ 6 Genus Eriocampidea Ashmead___________________________________ 6 Genus Hemitaxonus Ashmead___________________________________ 7 Genus Slrongylogasler Dal:.lboffi_____________ ---------- ________ __ _ 12 Tribe AneugmeninL __________________________ . ____________________ 25 Genus Aneugmenus Hartig______________________________________ 25 Genus Birka Malaise___________________________________________ 28 Genus Eustromboceros Rohwer___________________________________ 30 Genu!:! Nesoselandria RohweL___________________________________ 31 Genus Slromboceridea Rohwer___________________________________ 33 Tribe SelandriinL ___ __ _ __ ____ ___ _ _________ _____ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ 34 Genus Brachylhops Haliday_____________________________________ 34 Tribe AdelestinL __ ____ __ ____ ________ __ __ __________ _____ ___ ___ ____ _ 37 Genus Adelesla Ross___________________________________________ 37 Tribe HeptamelinL__ ____ _ ____ __ __ _ _____ _______ ____ ___ _________ ____ 38 Genus Heptamelus Haliday_ _ ___________________________________ 38 Literature cited_ ___ _ _ __ ______ ________ __ __ ___ _____ ________ _____ __ __ 40 Indcx____________________________________________________________ 47 IV NEARCTIC SAWFLIES II. Selandriinae: Adults (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) By D.WID R. S~UTH, cntomologist, S'ystemaf,;o Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Researoh Servioe Tho subfamily Selandriinae includes 2'i spedes in 11 genera and five tribes in North America. It is poorly represented in the Ne.'Ll'ctic ,'~egion, but it is one of the dominant sawfly groups in the Tr~pics, especially Central America, South America, and eastern Asia. Members of the Selandriinae m!!.y be of sporadic economic impor­ tance to agriculture. All species except He]Jtamel~/'8 ochr'.'le~f,(JU8 (Stephens) are external feeders in the 1arval stage on various ferns, sedges, and grasses. They are especially 11. nuisance in ornamental and landscape plantings, ,yhere their defoliation of the host can be very unsightly. They may also be destructive to forage gras.o:;es. Some may be beneficial by destroying ferns, 'which are considered weeds, or by killing bracken, a. plant toxic to livestock (Beer, 1955).1 The subfamily as treated here is as proposed by Ross (1951) with the addition of the tribe Heptamelini, which has been found only recently in North America. Ross' 1951 classification is similar to that he proposed in 1937 except for reducing the Adelestinae to tribal rank. Benson's (195fJ) concept of the Se1andriinae is slightly broader and includes the Dolerinae as a tribe. - The subfamily Selandriinae includes those sawflies of the Tenthre­ dinidae that either lack or possess an anal crossve5.n in the forewing and have vein Rs+i11 cUTTed. They may be separated from the Dol­ erinae by the presence of vein 2t'-m in the forewing. Other winO" vena­ tion characters that may ~)e used to separate some of the Selandriinae from other subfamilies are veins M and m-C1b of the forewing being parallel, except in Brachytho]Js and HeptameZ~/..8, and vein ill meeting Rs+nJ at or near the junction of Rr+ R. (In Adele8ta and seve.ral other genera vein 111 meets S c +R before R8 +111.) The larvae are not treated in this bulletin. Very few are lrnown or have been associated with adults. Dyar (1894, 1895, 1897) was the first to describe several selandriine larvae. Yuasa (19fJfJ) included descriptions of several genera and species under two subfamnies, the Emphytinae and Selandriinae. Beer (1955) gave detailed descrip­ tions of the biology of two western species of Strongylogaster and described their larvae. The most suitable generic key is that by Lorenz and Kraus (1957), and it is adequate for determining some Nearctic genera. 1 'rh~ year in italic aft~'r thp author'!' name is the key to the reference in Literature Cited, p. 40. 1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1398, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The tribal arrangement for the Selandriinae is still slightly arti­ ficial, although wit.h the information currently ava.ilable it does seem to express relationships to some degree. Benson (1938,1952), Ta.keu­ chi (1.9.4-1), and Ross (1951) reported [1, tribal classification for this subfamily. The five tribes p:'esented here appear to be t:lhe best ttrrange­ ment and haye been based primarily on adult characters. The most unique t.ribes are the Adelestini -\lnd Heptamelini, eaeh represented by ,"ery few species and separated from each other and fl'om other tribes by deeided morphological differences. The other tribes, the Strongy­ logasterini, Anellgmenini, and Selandriini, appear to be closely re­ lated H..rod their degree of separation is not so distinct.; however, ~fax­ well (1955) supported the separation of these three tribes basec1 on the structure of the salivary glands of the larvae. This triba.l arrange­ ment will have to be evaluated again when more larVtle are a.vailable for study and the Neot,ropical and Ol'iental species aTe better known. The five tribes ttre defined as follows: Strongylogasterini.-Benson (1988) erected several tribes, but simJ2ly shtted that t.his tribe included those species not in the ot·hers unhl t.hey could. be furt.her divided. In general, this is still the situa­ tion. All members of this tribe are n5..sociated with ferns. The morpho­ logiettl characters are highly nwia.ble, but ft11 members are ra.ther long, slender insects with the costa not distinctly swollen at its apex, t.he anal ('Toss,"ein of the fore;wing present or absent, the prepectns usually IHtrrow and differentiated by a furrow (in some Hcmita;c01H1S and in E1'iorampidea the prepectusis wide and separated by a suture), the postgenal ("arina present (ex('ept in E?>iorampidea) , and the antennae long and slender (ex("ept in E1'io('([7npidca). Genera.: E1'io('wnpidea. H emHa;'f.'onu.~, 8f'rongy7oga,~tf'l'. Aneugmenini.-Members of this tribe are associated \yith ferns and graSS('s. Charaeters include the absence of the anal ("ro5..')\'ein in the forewing, t.he prepectus differentiated by a furrow, t.he cost.al vein swollen at its apex, the. presence or absence of a postgenal carina, and the short, stoeky antennae. Genera: A17cu,qmcnu8. Birl.'a, E11.~t?'01n­ OOCeI'08, N ('.w8eland1in. 8h'omooocridea. Selandriini.-This tribe is similar to t.he AneugmeninL but it in­ cludes those spc('ies in ",hi("h the mesepisternum is divided by an invertt'd V-shal:>€cl "11ture, th<.' ])ostgenal carintt is absent, veins !If and 1m.-C1/.. of the forewing are divergent, and vein 11'-111.. of the hind­ wing arises from vein 8c+ R instead of from vein Rs. The species are associated with sedges. Genus: B1'a('hytlwps. (The genusSe7rr.1L­ d'ria is Palaearctir.) Adelestini.-This tribe includes one monot.ypic genus. It is sepa­ rated by the subserrate antenna, the presence of an anal crossvein, the long distal anal cell and constriction of the basa1 anal ceU of the forewing, the absence of a prepectus, and the indistinctly defined post­ tergite. The host is unknown. Genus: Ad.e[csta. Heptamelini.-The larvae. of the g-enus He7)tamel1l8 bore in the stems of ferns. In the adult the antennn, is short with seven or eight segments, the prepootus is absent, the a.nal crossvein of the forewing is present, the basa.l section of 9A and 3A is faint., veins J[ and 11n-cu of the forewing n,re markedly cli,-ergent, and veins L1l and Olb-a of the forewing a,'e interstitin,l. Genus:Heptmnel,u.<;. NEARCTIC SAWFLIES II. SELANDRIINAE 3 According to Ross (1937) and as accepted by Maxwell (1955), members of the Selandriinae are the most generalized of the Tenthre­ dinidae, and representatives of the Strongylogasterini most closely resemble the hypdLhetical 2.ncestor of the tenthredinids. From avail­ able information it is difficult to support or disprove this hypothesis. If we consider those characters usually accepted as most generalized in the Tenthredinidae, members of the Strongylogasterini must be re­ garded as the most primitive, especially some Hemitawonu8 species that possess the anal crossvein in the forewing and have a well-dif­ ferentiated prepecLl1s. The species lacking the anal crossvein and with the prepectus present as a raised sholilder, as in most Strongylogaster, are probably more specialized and likely gave rise to the Aneugmenini and Selandriini. The latter two tribes also include members that feed on grasses and sedges rather than ferns !md thus represent a host divergence. The Adelestini. artd Heptamelini may be considered as highly advanced. owing to their more specialized morphological characters, although both tribes have retained the anal crossvein in the forewing. Systematic Arrangement Family TENTHREDINIDAE Subfamily SELANDRIINAE Tribe STRONGYLOGASTERINI Genus E1'iocampidea
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