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Studi Komparasi Tentang Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Tawassul Menurut Nahdlatul Ulama' Dan Wahabi

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Studi Komparasi Tentang Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Tawassul Menurut Nahdlatul Ulama' Dan Wahabi STUDI KOMPARASI TENTANG PEMAHAMAN HADIS-HADIS TAWASSUL MENURUT NAHDLATUL ULAMA’ DAN WAHABI TESIS Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Magister dalam Program Studi Ilmu Hadis Oleh M. Ja’far Asshodiq NIM. F0.8.21.41.04 PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2018 ABSTRAK “STUDI KOMPARASI TENTANG PEMAHAMAN HADIS-HADIS TAWASSUL MENURUT NAHDLATUL ULAMA’ DAN WAHABI”, THESIS Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 2018. Problematika yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut nahdlatul ulama’ dan wahabi, lantaran tradisi tawassul sudah menjadi tradisi bahkan budaya yang berkembang di belahan dunia utamanya di Indonesia. Secara spesifik kajian ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul pespektif NU dan wahabi, kemudian membandingkan keduanya serta bagaimana implikasinya. Penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka atas pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut NU dan wahabi yang dikaji dengan metode kualitatif, dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis) yaitu dengan membuat kesimpulan tentang pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut NU dan wahabi dari premis-premis umum (deduksi) dan data faktual (induksi) secara objektif dan sistematis dengan mengidentifikasi karakteristik spesifikasinya dari pesan-pesan yang termuat dalam karya-karya para tokoh NU dan wahabi yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-historis. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa Pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut NU terdapat empat macam yaitu; a) bertawassul dengan asma>’ al- h}usna>; b) bertawassul dengan amal sholeh; c) bertawassul dengan orang sholeh yang masih hidup; d) bertawassul dengan orang sholeh yang sudah wafat. Dan pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut Wahabi ada tiga macam yaitu; a) bertawassul dengan asma>’ al-h}usna>; b) bertawassul dengan amal sholeh; c) bertawassul dengan doa orang sholeh yang masih hidup. Kemudian setelah membandingkan antara pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul NU menurut Nahdlatul Ulama’ dan Wahabi maka didapati perbedaan yang jika ditarik sebuah benang merah adalah NU memperbolehkan bertawassul bi al-Dza>t sedangkan wahabi tidak. Hal ini tidak lepas dari ideologi NU yang moderat dan Wahabi yang puritan tekstualis. Selanjutnya jika pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul menurut Nahdlatul Ulama’ dan Wahabi diimplikasikan maka akan menghasilkan sebuah pertikain sehingga menimbulkan perpecahan dalam tubuh umast Islam pada umumnya dan umat Islam Indonesia khususnya. Untuk pemahaman hadis-hadis tawassul perlu dijadikan alat untuk mencegah radikalisasi yang telah digerakkan oleh aliran Wahabi melalui dotrin doktrin tasyrik atau menilai sebuah amaliyah tertentu sebagai bagian dari syirik atau meyekutuan Allah. Atau dengan doktrin bid’ahnya yaitu praktik-praktik keagamaan yang tidak ada dasarnya dalam al- Qur’an dan sunnah serta otoritas sahabat Nabi saw. Kata kunci: Hadis, Tawassul, Nahdlatul Ulama’, Wahabi. ix digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id DAFTAR ISI Halaman Sampul Luar ................................................................................. ... i Halaman Sampul Dalam ................................................................................. ii Pernyataan Keaslian ........................................................................................ ii Halaman Persetujuan ...................................................................................... iv Halaman Pengesahan ....................................................................................... v Motto ............................................................................................................... vi Persembahan .................................................................................................... vii Transliterasi ..................................................................................................... viii Abstrak ............................................................................................................. ix Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. x Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................... xii BAB I:PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi dan Batasan Masalah ............................................................. 14 C. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 15 D. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 16 E. Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................................. 16 F. Kerangka Teoritik ..................................................................................... 17 G. Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 29 H. Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................... 31 1. Jenis, sifat dan sumber data ................................................................. 31 2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 33 xii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 3. Metode Analisa Data ........................................................................... 34 I. Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................. 35 BAB II: TRADISI TAWASSUL DAN TEORI PEMAHAMAN HADIS...... 37 A. Tradisi Tawassul ...................................................................................... 37 1. Pengertian Tradisi ................................................................................ 37 2. Pengertian Tawassul ........................................................................... 40 3. Sejarah Tawassul ................................................................................. 47 4. Hakikat Tawassul ................................................................................ 50 B. Pemahaman Hadis .................................................................................... 53 1. Pengertian Pemahaman Hadis ................................................................ 53 2. Teori Pemahaman Hadis ........................................................................ 61 3. Sejarah Pemahaman Hadis ...................................................................... 62 4. Tipologi dan Pendekatan Pemahaman Hadis ........................................... 75 BAB III HADIS-HADIS TAWASSUL DI KALANGAN NAHDLATUL ULAMA DAN WAHABI A. Nahdlatul Ulama ...................................................................................... 84 1. Sejarah lahirnya NU .............................................................................. 84 2. Ideologi NU ........................................................................................... 100 3. Manhaj NU. .......................................................................................... 103 B. Salafi Wahabi .......................................................................................... 105 1. Sejarah Wahabi ....................................................................................... 105 2. Ideologi Wahabi ..................................................................................... 109 3. Manhaj Wahabi. ................................ .................................................... 117 xiii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id C. Hadis-hadis Tawassul di kalangan NU dan Wahabi ................................. 119 1. Hadis Tawassul Dengan Asma’ Allah swt. Dan sifat-sifatnya. ............ 119 2. Hadis Tawassul Dengan Amalan Soleh. ............................................... 123 3. Hadis Sahabat Tawassul Kepada Nabi saw. Supaya Memohon Hujan (Solat Istisqa’). ................................................................................................. 128 4. Hadis Seorang Buta Bertawassul Kepada Nabi saw. Agar Berdo’a Memohon Kesembuhan Matanya. ......................................................... 133 5. Hadis Umar Al-Khattab Bertawassul Kepada Saidina Abbas ra. ........ 138 6. Nabi saw. Bertawassul Kepada Nabi-Nabi Sebelum Beliau. ............... 142 7. Laki-Laki Bertawassul Kepada Nabi saw. Setelah Kewafatan Beliau. 147 BAB IV ANALISIS DAN IMPLIKASI PEMAHAMAN HADIS TAWASSUL NU MENURUT NU DAN WAHABI ............................................................. 155 A. Pemahaman hadis-hadis Tentang Tawassul NU Menurut Nahdlatul Ulama’ dan Wahabi. ............................................................................................ 155 1. Hadis Tawassul Dengan Asma’ Allah swt. Dan sifat-sifatnya. ............ 155 2. Hadis Tawassul Dengan Amal Soleh .................................................... 161 3. Hadis Tawassul Kepada Orang Soleh Yang Masih Hidup .................... 167 a. Hadis Sahabat Bertawassul Kepada Nabi Saw. Supaya Memohon Hujan .....................................................................................................
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