Source: NASA Why this document? How we built the document Document structure The Problems: Territory Vulnerability to Climate Change The Answers: Planning for Resilient Territories Examples of Good Practices And now? • until 2040, increases in the maximum temperature in the summer between 0.5ºC in the Temperature coastal zone and 2ºC in the interior, values that can reach up to 3ºC and 7ºC in 2100 increase • increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves • reduction in precipitation during spring, summer and autumn, which may reach 20% to Changing rainfall 40% of current annual rainfall at the end of the century patterns • greater losses in the southern regions • rises in the average sea level of 2.1 mm / year between 1992 and 2004 and 4.0 mm / Rising sea level year between 2005 and 2016 • Portugal has a coastline that is under high urban pressure increase in the average annual temperature, in particular the maximum Expected Changes Territorial Specificities Annual average temperature rise between 1ºC and 4ºC at the end Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Cascais of the century Significant increase of maximum temperatures in autumn Mafra (1ºC & 5ºC); Torres Vedras, Tomar, Coruche, Barreiro e Lisboa (2ºC & 6ºC) Increase in the number of days with very high temperatures Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Barreiro (>35ºC) and tropical nights, with minimum temperatures >20ºC More frequent and intense heat waves Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Barreiro Sharp decrease in the number of frost days Mafra, Tomar, Coruche, Barreiro Minimum winter temperature rise Tomar e Coruche (1ºC to 3ºC); Cascais (até 5ºC) (EMAAC, 2017) rise in average seawater level Expected Changes Territorial Specificities Increase in average sea level between 0,17m and 0,38m, until 2050 and between • Mafra, Torres Vedras, Lisboa, 0,26m and 0,81m until the end of the century Barreiro Average sea level rise with more severe impacts when combined with sea level • Cascais (between 1,36m & 0,82m rise associated with storms by the end of the century) (EMAAC, 2017) increase in extreme precipitation phenomena Expected Changes Territorial Specificities Increase in extreme phenomena, in particular heavy or more intense precipitation Mafra, Torres Vedras, Lisboa, More intense winter storms with heavy rain and wind Coruche, Barreiro (EMAAC, 2017) Evolution of planning methods: • policies to mitigate the causes of climate change, with a focus on reducing GHG emissions and increasing carbon sequestration capacity (+ frequent, + developed, necessary but not sufficient) • policies for adapting to the effects and impacts of climate change in the territory, through the regulation of land uses, influencing changes in activities and lifestyles (- frequent, + proactive, + economic and safe, occurs in anticipation) • integrated action that incorporates mitigation and adaptation measures in the planning, associated with a greater integration of spatial, social and economic policies (still scarce, + relevant / adequate) Considering • national and international policy guidelines • adaptation options already identified • capacities and limitations of intervention of territorial planning in the development of societies • main impacts and vulnerabilities of climate change, requiring priority action: Droughts Heat wave Rural fires Desertification and water shortages Overtopping Increased Extreme Average sea and coastal maximum precipitation level rise erosion temperatures events Thematic sheets • Risks / territorial resilience - Know, map and regulate risks, considering the current and future impacts of climate F1 change • Sustainable Mobility - Promote sustainable mobility based on low carbon options and through the optimization of the F2 territorial organization of people and activities (proximity urbanism), reducing travel / distances • Ecosystem services - protecting and enhancing ecosystem services F3 • Renewable energy - Development / exploitation / exploitation of renewable energy sources F4 • Environmental efficiency - Reduce the consumption of primary resources by increasing environmental efficiency F5 (energy, water, materials and soil) and enhance the transition to a circular economy Mitigation Adaptation (mitigate the causes: reduce GHG (adapt to the effects: changes in activities emissions / increase carbon sequestration) and lifestyles) (F1) Know, map the risks and regulate land uses, considering the impacts of climate change (current and future) • maps of susceptibility and exposed elements (floods, coastal overturns, coastal erosion, forest fires, heat waves, cold waves, etc.) • prohibited / permitted and conditioned uses in risk areas • relocation of buildings in risk areas • areas, infrastructures and rescue equipment Mitigation Adaptation (mitigate the causes: reduce GHG (adapt to the effects: changes in activities emissions / increase carbon sequestration) and lifestyles) (F2) Sustainable mobility - Optimizing the territorial distribution of people and their activities (reducing travel) • size of agglomerates, densities, locations with mixed uses and accessibility - proximity urbanism • mobility with less GHG emissions and air pollutants (F4) Use of renewable energy sources • large-scale production from renewable sources • location criteria for solar and wind farms, incompatibility and complementarities of uses • micro-generation of renewable energy production • conditions for exploration in buildings Mitigation Adaptation (mitigate the causes: reduce GHG (adapt to the effects: changes in activities emissions / increase carbon sequestration) and lifestyles) (F3) Protection and enhancement of ecosystem services (climate and flood regulation, provision, air and water purification, soil maintenance, food production, pest control and biodiversity protection) • Know and map the services provided by ecosystems • Protect, value and enhance • Recover and promote the use of Green Infrastructures / Municipal Ecological Structures • Regulate agricultural and forestry practices (F3) Maintenance / increase of carbon sequestration capacity - ecosystem services • in soil, water bodies and species Mitigation Adaptation (mitigate the causes: reduce GHG (adapt to the effects: changes in activities emissions / increase carbon sequestration) and lifestyles) (F5) Environmental Efficiency - Resilient and adaptive urban planning • Improve the thermal comfort of buildings and the responsiveness of public spaces to climatic events, incorporating adaptive solutions (planning conditions, design and construction standards) (F5) Increase in environmental efficiency (energy, water, soil and materials) • More efficient buildings that make the most of their resources and emit less GHG (planning conditions, sustainable building code) SHEET N.º Thematic 1. Description (…) 2. Goals (…) 3. Integration in the Municipal Master Plan Baseline Studies (…) Strategy (…) Territorial Model (…) Execution Programs (…) 4. Project Examples (…) Retention basins in urban areas Water Square Benthemplein. Location: Rotterdam (Netherlands) The “water square” combines water storage with improving the quality of urban public space. Sponge areas Ghent Watercity Location: Ghent (Belgium) The project develops around 5 ambitions: more space for water, greener banks, better transport along and over water, better water quality and "city like a sponge" F1 Risks Green Roofs Location:Toronto (Canada) In February 2006, Toronto adopted the Green Roof Strategy to encourage the construction of green roofs in the city Temperature control and runoff in an urban contexto Location: Berlin (Germany) Establishes that the construction of new buildings requires a proportion of the area to be left as a green space Sustainable mobility policy - balanced modal split The city of Copenhagen defined a mobility policy that designated 3/3: 1/3 of journeys by bicycle, 1/3 of journeys in public transport, 1/3 of journeys by car Achieve sustainable mobility by regulating access to urban vehicles in the city Reduction in transport emissions by 30%. Complementary measures: - more housing within city limits; - improvement in public transport infrastructure and F2 cycle paths; -increase parking fees; -promote sharing; - encourage less travel; - Sustainable stimulate the acquisition of less polluting vehicles Mobility Incentives for electric mobility in London London has the ambition to become a carbon-free city by 2050. It has drawn up a Guide entitled: “Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Location guidance for London”, for planning and implementing a coherent network of electric charging infrastructures Green Infrastructure Grant Program Location: NewYork (USA) New York City has created an incentive program for individuals to adopt solutions that enhance urban green infrastructure Green and Blue Axis Location:Amadora, Sintra e Oeiras (Portugal) Approach to physiographic continuity - valley of the river Jamor, from source to mouth - covering 3 municipalities - Sintra, Amadora and Oeiras - in a territorial exercise of heritage F3 appreciation, with inductive effects of connectivity of sports and cultural structures, Ecosystem recreation and leisure, smooth mobility and landscape qualification Services InVEST – integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoff https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/invest/ Tool (from the USA) to model / assess spatially explicit ecosystem services ValuES Methods Navigator http://aboutvalues.net/method_navigator/ Internet platform that supports the identification of