DOCSLIB.ORG

Hygromycin B, Carboxin and Nourseothricin Susceptibility of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Producing Mortierella and Umbelopsis Strains Ildikó Nyilasi1*, Kata E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hygromycin B, Carboxin and Nourseothricin Susceptibility of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Producing Mortierella and Umbelopsis Strains Ildikó Nyilasi1*, Kata E Volume 59(1):11-18, 2015 Acta Biologica Szegediensis http://www.sci.u-szeged.hu/ABS ARTICLE Hygromycin B, carboxin and nourseothricin susceptibility of polyunsaturated fatty acid producing Mortierella and Umbelopsis strains Ildikó Nyilasi1*, Kata E. Kristó1, Bettina Pálffy1, Márta Hegyi1, Muthusamy Chandrasekaran2, Shine Kadaikunnan2, Naiyf S. Alharbi2, Papp Tamás1 and Csaba Vágvölgyi1,2 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 2Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ABS TR A CT Mortierella and Umbelopsis species are particularly active in polyunsaturated fatty KEY WORDS acid (PUFA) synthesis as they are able to produce many ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. Genetic manipula- hygromycin B tion of the lipid production to generate PUFA overproducing strains and strains with altered carboxin PUFA profile requires well-established transformation systems and reliable selectable markers. nourseothricin Therefore, we screened different antifungal agents, which can be used for selection in further Mortierella transformation experiments. Hygromycin B, carboxin, pyrithiamine and nourseothricin suscep- Umbelopsis tibility of several Mortierella and Umbelopsis isolates was investigated using a broth microdi- polyunsaturated fatty acid lution method. Pyrithiamine was totally ineffective against all isolates while the other three antifungal agents were active against Mortierella and Umbelopsis strains. Several Mortierella isolates represented high sensitivity to hygromycin B whilst nourseothricin was rather active against Umbelopsis species. Carboxin inhibited the hyphal growth and the spore germination of all isolates completely in low concentrations. Acta Biol Szeged 59(1):11-18 (2015) Introduction main ω-6 fatty acid in the brain, so it is also important in infants’ brain development. AA is also a direct precursor of eicosanoids, which play important roles in the lipoprotein Members of the genus Mortierella and Umbelopsis are fila- metabolism and platelet activation (Ward and Singh 2005). mentous fungi belonging to Mucoromycotina and are particu- Besides this, it protects pancreatic β cells against alloxan- larly active in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis. induced diabetes and the harmful effects of oxidative stress PUFAs are elemental structural and functional components (Suresh and Das 2006). of biological membranes and they are precursors of a wide Oleaginous microorganisms, as alternatives to agricultural variety of metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes and animal oil products, have been intensively studied. Mor- and hydroxy-fatty acids regulating critical biological func- tierella alpina is one of the most important industrial PUFA tions (Innis 1991; Horrobin 1995). The ω-3 fatty acids reduce producers synthesizing mainly AA besides other ω-3 and the risk of the development of cardiovascular diseases as ω-6 PUFAs, which can be used as pharmaceuticals or food they have several potentially cardioprotective effects, such additives (Higashiyama et al. 2002; Dyal and Narine 2005; as antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic and Sakuradani et al. 2009). A number of other Mortierella spe- anti-inflammatory effects. Besides this, they can lower the cies also seemed to be promising producers (Eroshin et al. triglyceride concentration and blood pressure and improves 1996; Higashiyama et al. 2002). endothelial functions (Din et al. 2004). Docosahexaenoic The long-term aim of our work is to modify the lipid acid plays an important role in the proper development of production of different Mortierella and Umbelopsis strains brain and retina in infants (Ward and Singh 2005), and recent to generate PUFA overproducing strains and strains with studies demonstrated its anti-cancer effects and its possible altered PUFA profile. This genetic manipulation requires role in the prevention of Alzheimer disease as well (Connor well-established and reliable selectable markers and trans- and Connor 2007; Serini et al. 2011; Siddiqui et al. 2011). formation systems. In previous transformation experiments Arachidonic acid (AA) presents in organs, muscle and blood only M. alpina and Umbelopsis isabellina strains were tissue and has a major role as a structural lipid. It is also the investigated. These experiments mainly aimed at testing of different selection and transformation methods (MacKenzie Submitted Dec 15, 2014; Accepted Jan 10, 2015 et al. 2000; Takeno et al. 2005b; Zhang et al. 2007b; Ando *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 11 Nyilasi et al. et al. 2009a; Wei et al. 2010). However, some publications mentous fungi as well (Kück and Hoff 2006; Alshahni et al. reported on the practical use of transformation methods to 2010), but it has never been applied at Mortierella species. investigate or modify the PUFA production (Takeno et al. Pyrithiamine (PT) is a potent antagonist of thiamine, its 2005a; Zhang et al. 2007a; Ando et al. 2009b). At the same administration inhibits the thiamine metabolism inducing time, no publication has been found about the transforma- serious neurological symptoms in human (Liu et al. 2006). tion or the development of appropriate selection methods for PT has been found to inhibit the growth of yeasts and other other Mortierella and Umbelopsis species. As antibiotics are ascomycetes. Its effect was investigated extensively in case the most commonly used selective agents, we would like to of different Aspergillus species (Kubodera et al. 2002). The elaborate an efficient selection method based on dominant ptrA gene responsible for PT resistance was isolated from antibiotic resistance markers for these fungi. Accordingly, Aspergillus oryzae, its increased expression results in thia- the first step of our work was the screening for susceptibility mine overproduction compensating the antagonistic effect of against several antifungal agents. PT (Kubodera et al. 2000). The ptrA gene was successfully In previous transformations of M. alpina and U. isabel- applied as selectable marker in transformation of various lina, hygromycin B (HygB) was an often used selective Aspergillus species, Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium agent (MacKenzie et al. 2000; Zhang et al. 2007b; Wei et al. chrysogenum (Kubodera et al. 2002; Janus et al. 2009). 2010). HygB is an aminoglycoside-type antibiotic produced As no data about NTC and PT susceptibility of Mortier- by Streptomyces hygroscopicus inhibiting the protein syn- ella and Umbelopsis species was found in the literature, the thesis of bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells as well aim of the present work was to investigate the in vitro anti- (Gonzalez et al. 1978). Its growth inhibitory activity has been fungal activities of HygB, CBX, NTC and PT against various generally investigated in the range from 10 to 1000 μg/ml, isolates of these species. Strains belonging to certain closely and the suggested concentration range as a selective agent is related oleaginous genera, such as Dissophora, Gamsiella and 150-400 μg/ml for higher eukaryotes. Resistance to HygB is Lobosporangium, were also involved in the study. conferred by hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hph) isolated from Escherichia coli (Gritz and Davies 1983; Kuh- Materials and Methods stoss and Rao 1983). Some M. alpina strains proved to be resistant to HygB, therefore, other antifungals or pesticides, such as zeocin and Fungal strains carboxin (CBX) were screened as a possible selective agent (Takeno et al. 2005b; Ando et al. 2009a). CBX is a systemic The investigated strains (31 Mortierella, 5 Umbelopsis, 2 anilide fungicide inhibiting the respiratory chain of com- Dissophora, 1 Gamsiella and 1 Lobosporangium) are listed plex II (Ulrich and Mathre 1972). It is often used as a seed in Table 1. All strains were maintained on malt extract agar treatment to protect plants from smut, rot and blight. CBX (MEA: 1% malt extract, 0.5% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 2% is generally effective against basidiomycetes, ascomycetes agar) slants at 4 °C. Glucose-yeast medium (GY: 1% yeast and zygomycetes already at low concentrations; however, extract, 2% glucose) was used for antifungal susceptibility several basidiomycetes are CBX-resistant (Moore 2009). An testing. Mortierella strains were cultivated at 20 °C, except amino acid substitution in the iron-sulphur protein subunit M. histoplasmatoides CBS 321.78, which together with (SdhB) of succinate dehydrogenase confers CBX resistance Lobosporangium transversale CBS 357.67 and Umbelopsis (Skinner et al. 1998), so the mutant sdhB gene can be used isolates were cultivated at 25 °C. as selectable marker in transformation experiments (Honda et al. 2000; Shima et al. 2008). The sdhB gene was originally Antifungal drugs isolated from Ustilago maydis (Keon et al. 1991); however, to transform M. alpina, the CBXB gene isolated from its genome HygB (InvivoGen) and NTC (Jena Bioscience) were pur- was applied (Ando et al. 2009a). chased as stock solutions (100 mg/ml in deionized water). Nourseothricin (NTC) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic CBX (Sigma-Aldrich) and PT (Sigma-Aldrich) were provided produced by Streptomyces noursei, which is very effective by the manufacturer as standard powders. CBX was dissolved against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, myco- in acetone at a concentration of 80 mg/ml, and PT was dis- plasma, protozoa, certain viruses and plants. It exerts weaker solved in distilled water at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Stock growth inhibitory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Resolving the Mortierellaceae Phylogeny Through Synthesis of Multi-Gene Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Resolving the Mortierellaceae phylogeny through synthesis of multi-gene phylogenetics and phylogenomics. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25k8j699 Journal Fungal diversity, 104(1) ISSN 1560-2745 Authors Vandepol, Natalie Liber, Julian Desirò, Alessandro et al. Publication Date 2020-09-16 DOI 10.1007/s13225-020-00455-5 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Fungal Diversity https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00455-5 Resolving the Mortierellaceae phylogeny through synthesis of multi‑gene phylogenetics and phylogenomics Natalie Vandepol1 · Julian Liber2 · Alessandro Desirò3 · Hyunsoo Na4 · Megan Kennedy4 · Kerrie Barry4 · Igor V. Grigoriev4 · Andrew N. Miller5 · Kerry O’Donnell6 · Jason E. Stajich7 · Gregory Bonito1,3 Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 © MUSHROOM RESEARCH FOUNDATION 2020 Abstract Early eforts to classify Mortierellaceae were based on macro- and micromorphology, but sequencing and phylogenetic studies with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers have demonstrated conficting taxonomic groupings and polyphyletic genera. Although some taxonomic confusion in the family has been clarifed, rDNA data alone is unable to resolve higher level phylogenetic relationships within Mortierellaceae. In this study, we applied two parallel approaches to resolve the Mortierel- laceae phylogeny: low coverage genome (LCG) sequencing and high-throughput, multiplexed targeted amplicon sequenc- ing to generate sequence data for multi-gene phylogenetics. We then combined our datasets to provide a well-supported genome-based phylogeny having broad sampling depth from the amplicon dataset. Resolving the Mortierellaceae phylogeny into monophyletic genera resulted in 13 genera, 7 of which are newly proposed. Low-coverage genome sequencing proved to be a relatively cost-efective means of generating a high-confdence phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Soil Fungi from Wood Preservative Test Sites
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 October 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01997 Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Soil Fungi from Wood Preservative Test Sites Grant T. Kirker 1*, Amy B. Bishell 1, Michelle A. Jusino 2, Jonathan M. Palmer 2, William J. Hickey 3 and Daniel L. Lindner 2 1 FPL, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Durability and Wood Protection, Madison, WI, United States, 2 NRS, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, WI, United States, 3 Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States Soil samples were collected from field sites in two AWPA (American Wood Protection Association) wood decay hazard zones in North America. Two field plots at each site were exposed to differing preservative chemistries via in-ground installations of treated wood stakes for approximately 50 years. The purpose of this study is to characterize soil fungal species and to determine if long term exposure to various wood preservatives impacts soil fungal community composition. Soil fungal communities were compared using amplicon-based DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the rDNA array. Data show that soil fungal community composition differs significantly Edited by: Florence Abram, between the two sites and that long-term exposure to different preservative chemistries National University of Ireland Galway, is correlated with different species composition of soil fungi. However, chemical analyses Ireland using ICP-OES found levels of select residual preservative actives (copper, chromium and Reviewed by: Seung Gu Shin, arsenic) to be similar to naturally occurring levels in unexposed areas.
    [Show full text]
  • S41467-021-25308-W.Pdf
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25308-w OPEN Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota ✉ ✉ Luis Javier Galindo 1 , Purificación López-García 1, Guifré Torruella1, Sergey Karpov2,3 & David Moreira 1 Compared to multicellular fungi and unicellular yeasts, unicellular fungi with free-living fla- gellated stages (zoospores) remain poorly known and their phylogenetic position is often 1234567890():,; unresolved. Recently, rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses of two atypical parasitic fungi with amoeboid zoospores and long kinetosomes, the sanchytrids Amoeboradix gromovi and San- chytrium tribonematis, showed that they formed a monophyletic group without close affinity with known fungal clades. Here, we sequence single-cell genomes for both species to assess their phylogenetic position and evolution. Phylogenomic analyses using different protein datasets and a comprehensive taxon sampling result in an almost fully-resolved fungal tree, with Chytridiomycota as sister to all other fungi, and sanchytrids forming a well-supported, fast-evolving clade sister to Blastocladiomycota. Comparative genomic analyses across fungi and their allies (Holomycota) reveal an atypically reduced metabolic repertoire for sanchy- trids. We infer three main independent flagellum losses from the distribution of over 60 flagellum-specific proteins across Holomycota. Based on sanchytrids’ phylogenetic position and unique traits, we propose the designation of a novel phylum, Sanchytriomycota. In addition, our results indicate that most of the hyphal morphogenesis gene repertoire of multicellular fungi had already evolved in early holomycotan lineages. 1 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France. 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ✉ Petersburg, Russia. 3 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Fungal Contamination of Indoor Air and Health Problems of Some Residents in Jos
    1 Relationship Between Fungal Contamination of Indoor Air and Health Problems of Some Residents in Jos Grace Mebi Ayanbimpe1, Wapwera Samuel Danjuma2 and Mark Ojogba Okolo3 1Department of Medical Microbiology University of Jos Nigeria, 2Department of Geography and Planning University of Jos, 3Department of Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria 1. Introduction The problem of indoor air quality has in recent times attracted more concern than was the case several decades ago. Morey, (1999) presented some probable reasons why this is so. Construction materials have markedly changed from stones, wood and other ‘natural’ products to synthetic, pressed wood and amorphous cellulose products, some of which may be less resistant to microorganisms than the earlier ones. The indoor environment is invariably the closest to humans in terms of daily interaction, as a large proportion of man’s time is spent indoors, especially in the modern cities and urban societies. There are indications however, that in many parts of the world, our homes, schools and offices are heavily contaminated with airborne molds and other biological contaminants. Biological contaminants of the indoor air include fungi, bacteria, viruses, pollen etc.; and many species of fungi are able to grow wherever there is moisture and an organic substrate. Building materials such as ceiling tiles, wood, paint, carpet rugs, etc., present very good environment for growth of fungi (Robin et al, 2007; Morey, 1999; Heseltine and Rosen, 2009). Water accumulation and moist dirty surfaces also encourage growth of fungi within a building, and contribute to human health problems. Fungi are very successful organisms capable of survival in diverse environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortierellaceae Phylogenomics and Tripartite Plant-Fungal-Bacterial Symbiosis of Mortierella Elongata
    MORTIERELLACEAE PHYLOGENOMICS AND TRIPARTITE PLANT-FUNGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS OF MORTIERELLA ELONGATA By Natalie Vandepol A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics – Doctor of Philosophy 2020 ABSTRACT MORTIERELLACEAE PHYLOGENOMICS AND TRIPARTITE PLANT-FUNGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS OF MORTIERELLA ELONGATA By Natalie Vandepol Microbial promotion of plant growth has great potential to improve agricultural yields and protect plants against pathogens and/or abiotic stresses. Soil fungi in Mortierellaceae are non- mycorrhizal plant associates that frequently harbor bacterial endosymbionts. My research focused on resolving the Mortierellaceae phylogeny and on characterizing the effect of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial symbionts on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and molecular functioning. Early efforts to classify Mortierellaceae were based on morphology, but phylogenetic studies with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers have demonstrated conflicting taxonomic groupings and polyphyletic genera. In this study, I applied two approaches: low coverage genome (LCG) sequencing and high-throughput targeted amplicon sequencing to generate multi-locus sequence data. I combined these datasets to generate a well-supported genome-based phylogeny having broad sampling depth from the amplicon dataset. Resolving the Mortierellaceae phylogeny into monophyletic groups led to the definition of 14 genera, 7 of which are newly proposed. Mortierellaceae are broadly considered plant associates, but the underlying mechanisms of association are not well understood. In this study, I focused on the symbiosis between M. elongata, its endobacteria, and A. thaliana. I measured aerial plant growth and seed production and used transcriptomics to characterize differentially expressed plant genes (DEGs) while varying fungal treatments. M. elongata was shown to promote aerial plant growth and affect seed production independent of endobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Some Saprophytic Micromycetes and the Fungus Micromucor Ramannianus Var. Ramannianus in Forest Soils
    C z e c h m y c o l . 53 (2), 2001 The role of some saprophytic micromycetes and the fungus Micromucor ramannianus var. ramannianus in forest soils J o s e f H ý s e k a n d J a n a B r o ž o v á Department of Mycology, Div. Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6 — Ruzyně Czech Republic Hýsek J. and Brožoová J. (2001): The role of some saprophytic micromycetes and the fungus Micromucor ramannianus var. ramannianus in forest soils - Czech Mycol. 53: 161-171 Different saprophytic micromycetes were isolated from the humic horizon (H-A 02) of different types of forest soils (barren land of reforested waste dumps, cambisol of spruce, birch, European mountain ash, and blue spruce forests) in several areas (at Most in the Krušné hory (Ore Mts.), Jizerské hory (Izera Mts.)). Besides the spectrum of common species of soil micromycetes (Penicillium spp., H um icola spp., Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Aureobasidium spp., M ucor spp., Absidia spp.), the fungus M icrom ucor ramannianus (Möller) Arx var. ramannianus (Mortierella ramanniana (Möller) Linneman, Mucor ramannianus Möller) was regularly isolated from all types of soils, except barren soils of waste dumps. The biological quality of forest soils in connection with other biological characteristics was evaluated in relation to the presence and quantity of this fungus in forest soils. Basic biological processes (basal and potential respiration, ammonification, nitrification) show an increased intensity in forest soils in which the proportion of Micromucor ramannianus v.
    [Show full text]
  • Mold Awareness
    Mold Awareness ICWUC Center for Worker Health and Safety Education 329 Race St. Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 513-621-8882 (office) 513-621-8247 (fax) [email protected] http://www.hsed.icwuc.org Established and Administered by: International Chemical Workers Union Council In Cooperation with: International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers United Food and Commercial Workers Union Coalition of Black Trade Unionists American Federation of Teachers American Federation of Government Employees United American Nurses University of Cincinnati, Department of Environmental Health Greater Cincinnati Occupational Health Center This material has been funded in whole or in part with Federal Funds from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences under Grant 5 U45 ES6162-14. Individuals undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment. Therefore, these materials do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations simply endorsement of U.S. Government. Worker Education and Training Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Mail Drop EC-25 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233 Copyright by International Chemical Workers Union 2005 Table of Content Tab 1: Water Damage Tab 2: OSHA Quick Card (mold) Map of US (mold) OSHA Standards on Mold Bible on Mold Mycology – The study of fungi The Fascination Fungi Kingdom Forms of Moisture
    [Show full text]
  • Short Communication Detection of Betaproteobacteria Inside the Mycelium of the Fungus Mortierella Elongata
    Microbes Environ. Vol. 25, No. 4, 321–324, 2010 http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsme2/ doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME10134 Short Communication Detection of Betaproteobacteria inside the Mycelium of the Fungus Mortierella elongata YOSHINORI SATO1, KAZUHIKO NARISAWA1,2, KAZUTO TSURUTA2, MASAFUMI UMEZU2, TOMOYASU NISHIZAWA2, KENJI TANAKA3, KAORU YAMAGUCHI3, MASAKAZU KOMATSUZAKI1,2, and HIROYUKI OHTA1,2* 1Institute for Global Change Adaptation Science, Ibaraki University, 2–1–1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310–8512, Japan; 2Ibaraki University College of Agriculture, 3–21–1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300–0393, Japan; and 3Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2–5–8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292–0818, Japan (Received May 25, 2010—Accepted September 4, 2010—Published Online September 25, 2010) Microscopic and molecular analyses showed the presence of endobacteria inside the mycelia of four out of twelve nitrous oxide (N2O)-producing fungal isolates identified as Mortierella elongata. The 16S rRNA gene was successfully amplified with DNA extracted directly from the endobacterium-containing fungal strains and all sequences were related to that of Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum in the family Burkholderiaceae. Bacterial endotoxin was detected in the endobacterium-positive fungal strains but only trace levels were found in endobacterium-negative strains. No significant relationship was found between the fungal N2O-producing activity and the presence of endo- bacteria. Key words: endobacterium, N2O production, Mortierella elongata, soil fungus The intracellular distribution of bacteria, or more spe- Tsuruta, K. Narisawa, M. Komatsuzaki, N. Kaneko, H. Ohta, cifically bacterial endosymbiosis, is known for numerous submitted for publication). Comparisons were made with eukaryotic organisms including ciliate protozoa (25), various herbarium materials, Mortierella elongata Linnemann insects (11), a frenulata (marine invertebrate) (12), and well- NBRC 8570 and M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus, Mortierella Elongata: Its Biology, Ecological Distribution, and Activities Promoting Plant Growth1 Hui-Ling Liao2
    SL466 The Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus, Mortierella elongata: Its Biology, Ecological Distribution, and Activities Promoting Plant Growth1 Hui-Ling Liao2 This publication is intended to provide biological informa- Summary tion of the soil fungal taxa Mortierella elongata. M. elongata Mortierella is a widespread genus of fungal generalists that is one of the most ubiquitous fungi living in the soil. are detected as root endophytes and saprophytes in many The preliminary data generated from our recent studies natural and agricultural habitats, including forests, pastures, indicated that M. elongata is one of the most abundant taxa and croplands. Mortierella elongata has been observed (>0.5% of total soil fungi) living in the agriculture soils to promote the growth of many plant species, including collected from north Florida, including pastures, cotton cottonwood, pine, oak, grass, tomato, corn, and Arabidopsis fields, and peanut fields. Our recent studies showed that spp. The growth-promotion ability of M. elongata is M. elongata can perform plant-growth promotion across plant-species independent. This evidence suggests that M. different types of crops, including bahiagrass, corn, tomato, elongata is a potential bioindicator and biocontrol agent for squash, and watermelon (Zhang et al. 2020). Compared to crop production and soil health. The taxonomy, biology, the well-known species that have plant-growth-promotion and distribution of M. elongata and its potential modes of abilities (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma), growers, action on plant-growth promotion are discussed in this agents, and stakeholders are not familiar with “Mortierella” article. despite the important role these fungal taxa play in promot- ing the growth of their crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Wood-Inhabiting Fungi and Reticulitermes Spp. in Four Forest Habitats of Northeastern Mississippi
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 72 (2012) 18e25 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibiod Relationship between wood-inhabiting fungi and Reticulitermes spp. in four forest habitats of northeastern Mississippi Grant T. Kirker a,*, Terence L. Wagner b, Susan V. Diehl a a Department of Forest Products, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, PO Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USA b USDA, Forest Service, Termite Research Unit, P.O. Box 928, Starkville, MS 39760-0928, USA article info abstract Article history: Fungi from coarse woody debris samples containing or lacking termites were isolated, and identified Received 15 March 2012 from upland and bottomland hardwoods and pines in northeast Mississippi. Samples yielded 860 unique Received in revised form fungal isolates, with 59% identified to genus level. Four phyla, six classes, 10 orders, 14 families, and 50 20 April 2012 genera were recovered. The fungal groups encountered by decreasing taxonomic diversity were Accepted 20 April 2012 Imperfect Fungi, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and unknown fungi. The most frequently Available online 23 May 2012 encountered fungi were Penicillium (81 occurrences), Nodulisporium (57), Cladosporium (37), Trichoderma (34), Xylaria (29), Talaromyces and Pestalotia (27 each), and Stachylidium (26). The true wood decay fungi Keywords: Wood biodeterioration only accounted for 0.9% of the fungi isolated. The only statistical interactions associated with termites Coarse-woody debris were the genus Nodulisporium, the class Coelomycetes, and the order Xylariales which all correlated with Wood fungi the absence of termites. Of particular interest is the strong correlation of the Xylariales and absence of Subterranean termites termites.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Mortierella, and an Associated Sporangiiferous Mycoparasite in a New Genus, Nothadelphia
    STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 567–572. 2004. A new species of Mortierella, and an associated sporangiiferous mycoparasite in a new genus, Nothadelphia Yousuke Degawa1 and Walter Gams2* 1Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499, Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan; 2Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Walter Gams, [email protected] Abstract: A new species of Mortierella isolated from bat dung in Japan is described as M. hypsicladia. The sporangiophores are densely branched in the uppermost part but lack a subterminal vesicle; the species is similar to M. wolfii but the terminal sporangium is clearly differentiated being much broader than those borne on the branches; the species also resembles M. indohii in having strongly ornamented chlamydospores; it might be a close relative not yet having lost the capacity of sporan- giophore formation. A new biotrophic mycoparasite attacking certain Mortierella spp. is described in a new genus, Nothadel- phia. The species produces fascicles of very thin erect sporangiophores, with endogenous many-spored sporangia without a columella, non-motile sporangiospores and thick-walled, papillate chlamydospores. The fungus superficially resembles Mortierella or Umbelopsis, but its actual phylogenetic position is not yet resolved Taxonomic novelties: Mortierella hypsicladia Degawa & W. Gams sp. nov., Nothadelphia Degawa & W. Gams gen. nov., Nothadelphia mortierellicola Degawa & W. Gams sp. nov. Key words: Actinomortierella, Mortierella, Mucorales, mycoparasite, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS During our studies on Japanese Mortierellaceous Field-collected dung samples of bats (order Chirop- fungi, we isolated many species of the genus Mor- tera) were directly inoculated on the surface of Sh3A tierella from bat dung samples collected in caves.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Molecular Phylogeny of the Mortierellales (Mortierellomycotina) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
    Persoonia 30, 2013: 77–93 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666268 A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Mortierellales (Mortierellomycotina) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA L. Wagner1,2, B. Stielow3, K. Hoffmann1,2, T. Petkovits4, T. Papp4, C. Vágvölgyi4, G.S. de Hoog3, G. Verkley3, K. Voigt1,2* Key words Abstract The basal fungal order Mortierellales constitutes one of the largest orders in the basal lineages. This group consists of one family and six genera. Most species are saprobic soil inhabiting fungi with the ability of diverse internal transcribed spacer biotransformations or the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, making them attractive for biotechnological ap- large subunit ribosomal DNA plications. Only few studies exist aiming at the revelation of the evolutionary relationships of this interesting fungal taxonomic revision group. This study includes the largest dataset of LSU and ITS sequences for more than 400 specimens containing Zygomycetes 63 type or reference strains. Based on a LSU phylogram, fungal groups were defined and evaluated using ITS se- Zygomycota quences and morphological features. Traditional morphology-based classification schemes were rejected, because the morphology of the Mortierellales seems to depend on culture conditions, a fact, which makes the identification of synapomorphic characters tedious. This study belongs to the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses for the Mortierellales up to date and reveals unresolved species and species complexes. Article info Received: 17 June 2012; Accepted: 2 January 2013; Published: 13 March 2013. INTRODUCTION logical characters available for differentiation. Examples of micromorphological features are shown in Fig. 1 and 2.
    [Show full text]