DOCSLIB.ORG

Land Resource Inventory and Appraisal of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania DISCLAIMER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Land Resource Inventory and Appraisal of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania DISCLAIMER Land Resource Inventory and Appraisal of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the DLO - Winand Staring Centre concerning the legal status of any district, division or ward area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries. Land Resources Inventory and Appraisal of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania Volume II: Annexes J.A. Eschweiler D.N. Kimaro F.M. Banzi G.J. Kajuri Sc.anned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU · World Data Centre for Soits. The purpose is to make a safe . depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued . 1nfon:nation available for consultatlon, following. Fair Use 1 Guidelines. Every effort is take·n to respect Copyright of the materlals within the archives where the ldentlfication of the 1 Copyright helder Is clear and, where feasible, to contact the: originators. For questions please contact [email protected]· indicating the Item reference number concerned. Report 155 Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, 1999 ABSTRACT Eschweiler, J.A., D.N. Kimaro, F.M. Banzi and G.J. Kajuri, 1999. Land resources Inventory and Appraisal of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. Wageningen, Winand Staring Centre. Report 155. Three volumes. Volume 1: 114 pp; volume 2: 247 pp; volume three: maps. 6 figures; 11 tables; 8 maps; 38 references A reconnaissance level land resources survey bas been carried out from September to December, 1996, of the Kahama District, Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. The report contains an inventory of (a) topographic and socio-politica} information, (b) the physical environment (in terms of agro­ climate, geology, water resources, physiography, soils, major land systems, agro-ecological zones and cells), (c) present land use/land cover, and (d) the prevailing farming systems. The data are stored in a data base and their spatial distribution is shown through a series ofmaps. A generalised land suitability appraisal is carried out to guide agricultural development at the district level. The appraisal provides a brief and general overview of the land suitability of Kahama's major soil groups by agro-ecological zone for some major types of land use, notably rainfed cropping under traditional and improved traditional management, irrigated cropping under traditional management, forestry and extensive grazing. Keywords: land resources survey, land suitability appraisal, land use types, soil data base, Kahama District, Tanzania. ISSN 0927-4499 © 1999 Winand Staring Centre for lntegrated Land, Soil and Water Research (SC), P.O. Box 125, NL-6700 AC Wageningen (The Netherlands). Phone: +31317 474200; fax: +31317 424812; e-mail: [email protected] No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or published in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the written permission of the Winand Staring Centre. The Winand Staring Centre assumes no liability for any losses resulting from the use ofthis document. ALTERRA is the amalgamation of the lnstitute for Forestry and Nature Research (IBN) and the Winand Staring Centre for lntegrated Land, Soil and Water Research (SC). The merger will take place on 1Januari2000. Project 89005 [Report 155/HM/12-99] 5 Table of contents Annex 1 Description of methods 6 1.1 Preliminary desk studies 6 1.2 Fieldwork 6 1.3 Laboratory analyses 7 1.4 Socio-political information 7 1.5 Natura] Resources data 7 1.5 .1 Climate 7 1.5 .2 Geology 8 1.5 .3 Hydrology 8 1.5.4 Physiography 8 1.5.5 Soils 9 1.6 Present land use and land cover 9 1.7 Farming systems 9 1.8 The Land Resources Data Base 10 1.9 Physical land suitability appraisal 10 1.10 Area measurements 10 Ia Indices of topographic maps, satellite imagery and aerial photography 11 Ib Soil observation and sample details 14 Ic Laboratory methods 22 Id Meteorological data - station particulars 23 Ie Standard NSS sheets for soil data recording. 24 Annex Il Quality of moisture supply (PIPET ratio for January and February) 27 Annex m Location and yields of springs, shallow wells and boreholes 31 Annex IV Soil mapping units and soil profile descriptions 36 N.1 Soil mapping units 36 IV.2 Soil profile descriptions 54 N.3 Soil composite samples - analytica! data 197 Annex V Listings of mapping units and their extent (by District, Division and Ward) 199 Annex Vl Crop and tree species environmental requirements 227 Annex VII Tables, querry, form and report from database KAHAMA.mdf 239 VIIa Examples of data base tables 239 VIlb One sheet (record) of form'Soil data' 245 VIIc Part of the results of querry 'Soil groups' 246 VIId Part of the report 'Area soil groups' 247 6 ANNEXI: DESCRIPI'ION OF METHODS Prior to any fieldwork relevant existing information was collected from various sources, such as existing reports, topographic and other thematic maps at a relevant scale. Such information was obtained from the District Council and the various technica! district offices (located within Kahama­ town), regional offices in Shinyanga (notably the DHV Office), Dodoma (i.e. Min. ofEnergy and Minerals; geological maps), Dar es Salam (Met. Dept.; meteorological data), Tanga (NSS; natural resources data) and Ukiriguru (ARTI; farming systems data). As a bases for platting any georeferenced information, SC-DLO prepared a topographic base map of the district at a scale of 1 :250,000 derived from the existing topographic maps covering the entire district at a scale of 1 :50,000 (See Annex Ia (topographic maps); note that most of these mapsheets are based on surveys carried out 25 to 35 years ago ). This map shows the main towns and villages, primary and secondary roads, gazetted Forest Reserves, main streams and contour lines (at a 100 m interval). Furthermore SC-DLO provided satelite images at a scale of 1:250,000 covering the entire district (see Annex Ia; satellite imagery). Since the survey was carried out at reconnaissance level, most of the results are of a generalized nature and some variation must be expected within the identified mapping units. 1.1 Preliminary desk studies During preliminary desk studies, following the interpretation of the satelite images (Landsat TM6, bands 3 (red), 4 (near infra-red) and 5 (mid infra-red) of 11-07-1994 (2 images) and 05-08- 1994 (1 image covering the remaining small eastem part of the district), comparisons with other existing information, and local knowledge provided by relevant technica! officers, tentative thematic maps were drawn on transparant copies of the base map. The boundaries were verified in the field during the survey and the most common units described accordingly. In this way preliminary maps were prepared showing geology, physiography, soils, hydrology, land use/land cover and protected areas. The same procedure also assisted in the delineation of farming systems zones. Climatic data obtained from the historica! records of various (mainly rainfall) stations within and around the district were analysed and monthly long-term averages calculated and plotted on a map (notably rainfall and temperature data). After the finalization of these thematic maps, soils/physiography data were combined with climatic data to define "agro-ecological zones". These zones were evaluated for their suitability for various types of land use. 1.2 Fieldwork The study team spent about three (3) months in Kahama District of which a total of about ten weeks was spent in the field, from the end of September till December 1996. In view of the approaching rainy season (rains were expected to start sometime in November) which could affect field accessibility (considering the rather poor condition of the district raad network) the survey started in the far north and south of the district and gradually progressed towards Kahama town. Two survey teams, concentrating on soil/physiography and land use aspects, carried out most of the fieldwork; each team was headed by a soil surveyor from the NSS and assisted by two District Officers. A number of casual labourers were employed to dig soil profile pits. A third team, consisting of the team leader and various technica! officers concentrated on land use and land cover, hydrology, climatic aspects, geology, protected areas and farming systems. Vehicles and drivers were made 7 available to the teams by the District Council. A free survey method was used, making use of existing roads and motorable tracks. Visits were also paid to local authorities (such as Ward Executive Officers, Village Chairmen, etc.) and discussions were held with a number of farmers met in their fields. 1.3 Laboratory analyses A total of 292 soil samples were taken from soil profile pits. hl addition 53 composite samples (for soil fertility analysis) and 90 samples (from 10 soil profiles sampled at three depths in triplicate) for pF analyses (to determine the available water holding capacity) were taken and analysed at the soil laboratory of the NSS in Mlingano (for sampling details see Annex lb ). The following standard soil analysis were carried out: particle size distribution, pH, organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, exchangeable bases and Cation Exchange Capacity. Analysis of Carbonates and Electrical Conductivity were carried out for some samples derived from alluvial deposits. Methods of analysis are presented in Annex I.c. 1.4 Socio-political data The boundaries of Kahama District were verified in the field with the assistance of local authorities (such as ward executives, village chairmen and village elderlies). After showing the survey team the exact location of the district border in the field, the coordinates were recorded using a GPS (GTM-grid) and these coordinates were subsequently plotted onto the 1:50,000 topomaps and later transferred to the 1 :250,000 base map.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • USAID Tanzania Activity Briefer May 2020
    TANZANIA ACTIVITY BRIEFER MAY 2020 For over five decades, the United States has partnered with the people of Tanzania to advance shared development objectives. The goal of USAID assistance is to help the country achieve self- reliance by promoting a healthy, prosperous, democratic, well- governed, and secure Tanzania. Through partnerships and investments that save lives, reduce poverty, and strengthen democratic governance, USAID’s programs advance a free, peaceful, and prosperous Tanzania. In Tanzania, USAID engages in activities across four areas: ● Economic growth, including trade, agriculture, food security, and natural resource management ● Democracy, human rights, and governance ● Education ● Global health LARRIEUX/ USAID ALEX ALEX ECONOMIC GROWTH OVERVIEW: USAID supports Tanzania’s economic development and goal to become a self-reliant, middle- income country by 2025. We partner with the government and people of Tanzania, the private sector, and a range of development stakeholders. Agriculture plays a vital role in Tanzania’s economy, employing 65 percent of the workforce and contributing to nearly 30 percent of the economy. USAID strengthens the agriculture policy environment and works directly with actors along the production process to improve livelihoods and trade. At the same time, we strengthen the ability of rural communities to live healthy, productive lives through activities that improve 1 nutrition and provide access to clean water and better sanitation and hygiene. We also enhance the voices of youth and women in decision making by building leadership skills and access to assets, such as loans and land ownership rights. As Tanzania’s natural resources are the foundation for the country’s development, we work to protect globally important wildlife, remarkable ecosystems, and extraordinary natural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Distribution of Indigenous Rice-Cultivation Techniques and Their Expansion in Tanzania
    Trop. Agr. Develop. 63（1）：18 － 26，2019 Geographic Distribution of Indigenous Rice-cultivation Techniques and Their Expansion in Tanzania Futoshi KATO* College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan Abstract In Tanzania, indigenous rice-cultivation productivity is generally lower than that of rice cultivation using modern irrigation systems, even though it is a nationwide practice. Practical improvements in indigenous rice cultivation are required to increase the productivity, stability, and sustainability of rice cultivation. Tanzania is a major rice-producing country in Africa and the demand for rice is continuously increasing; therefore, indigenous rice cultivation has also increased for more than 20 years. This study was focused on indigenous rice cultivation and aimed at elucidating the geographic distribution of indigenous rice cultivation and characterizing the techniques used. Fieldwork was conducted in Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Mbeya, Dodoma, Rukwa, Morogoro, and Dar es Salaam, which are the major rice-producing areas in Tanzania. Two basic rice-cultivation techniques are used in that country; one utilizes runoff from rainfall and the other uses floodwater from streams, rivers, and swamps. The former is practiced in northern and western Tanzania and is characterized by transplanting, building levees, and plowing with bullocks, while the latter is practiced in south-central Tanzania and is characterized by broadcasting seed, irrigating with floodwater, and using tractors. Furthermore, rice cultivation that utilizes runoff expanded from northern to southern regions of Tanzania in parallel with the migration of the Sukuma people; this has increased the diversification of Tanzanian rice cultivation. These indigenous rice-cultivation techniques were found to be affected by geographical, meteorological, and social conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • SUA-INTSORMIL Project" (2010)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative INTSORMIL Presentations Research Support Program (INTSORMIL CRSP) 12-2010 Developing Entrepreneurship, the Tanzania Experience: SUA- INTSORMIL Project Joseph J. Mpagalile Sokoine University of Agriculture, [email protected] Wenceslaus R. Ballegu Sokoine University of Agriculture Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/intsormilpresent Part of the Agricultural Economics Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, and the Food Processing Commons Mpagalile, Joseph J. and Ballegu, Wenceslaus R., "Developing Entrepreneurship, the Tanzania Experience: SUA-INTSORMIL Project" (2010). INTSORMIL Presentations. 32. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/intsormilpresent/32 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL CRSP) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in INTSORMIL Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURSHIP, THE TANZANIA EXPERIENCE: SUA-INTSORMIL PROJECT SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE Department of Food Science and Technology Prof. J.J Mpagalile and Dr. W.R. Ballegu [email protected] BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Sorghum in Tanzania o Importance of sorghum in Tanzania ~ Ranked as third important cereal
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Policy Framework: Context of People and Livelihood
    Social and Policy Framework: Context of People and Livelihood. Item Type Book Section Authors Kulindwa, K.A.A. Publisher United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS) Download date 27/09/2021 00:23:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/7079 Social and Policy Framework: Context of People and Livelihood Kassim A. A. Kulindwa Economic Research Bureau, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35096 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Discussions on social and policy dimensions of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) centre on the inhabitants of the basin and their livelihood strategies which are defined by environmental stewardship and natural resource utilization. This paper presents a contextual narrative of the people of the LVB and their livelihood. It sets the stage for an ecosystem assessment of the basin’s social and economic implication of natural resource state, trends and vulnerabilities. The demographic characteristics and selected social indicators for the basin are presented with a focus on implications to sustainable resource management. A description of fishing together with other main occupational activities of the basin’s inhabitants is presented with emphasis on strategies, impacts, challenges and vulnerabilities that the current resources extraction activities impose on the people and environment. Owing to the transboundary nature of the basin, it is recognised that the people and institutional framework of the basin including the East African Community (EAC) together with subsidiary arrangements such as the Lake Victoria Development Programme (LVDP) hold the key to a joint and sustainable management of the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Mwanza Region Socio-Economic Profile
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MWANZA REGION SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE UGANDA RWANDA KENYA BURUNDI MWANZA ZAMBIA MSUMBIJI Joint Publication by: THE PLANNING COMMISSION DAR ES SALAAM and REGIONAL COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE MWANZA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD............................................................................................................................... v SECTION I...................................................................................................................................1 LAND PEOPLE AND CLIMATE.............................................................................................1 1.0 REGIONAL OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................1 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION............................................................................................1 LAND AREA AND ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS ...................................................................1 1.2 ETHNIC GROUPS:.................................................................................................................4 1.3 POPULATION SIZE GROWTH AND DENSITY:.............................................................4 1.4 MIGRATION:.......................................................................................................................18 1.5 EMPLOYMENT:..................................................................................................................21 1.6 CLIMATE AND SOILS: .....................................................................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • The United Republic of Tanzania Shinyanga
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA SHINYANGA REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Joint publication by: NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (NBS ) AND SHINYANGA REGIONAL COMMISSIONER’S OFFICE CO-ORDINATED BY: MINISTRY OF PLANNING, ECONOMY AND EMPOWERMENT DAR -ES -SALAAM SECOND Edition JULY 2007 i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................iv SECTION ONE.....................................................................................................................................1 1.0 LAND, PEOPLE AND CLIMATE.................................................................................................1 1.1 Geographical Location..........................................................................................................1 1.2 Surface Area and Administrative Units ................................................................................1 1.3 Population....................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Climatic Features.........................................................................................................................9 1.5 Drainage ....................................................................................................................................10 1.6 Topography and Vegetation......................................................................................................10 SECTION
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania Mainland Poverty Assessment
    TANZANIA MAINLAND POVERTY ASSESSMENT www.worldbank.org/tanzania Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Di- rectors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or accep- tance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encour- ages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copy- right Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. Contents Acknowledgements . ix Acronyms and Abbreviations .
    [Show full text]
  • W Ater Supply and Sanitation Programmes Shinyanga Region
    IOB Impact Evaluation | no. 305 | May 2007 Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes Shinyanga Region, Tanzania 1990-2006 IOB Impact Evaluation | Policy and Operations Evaluation Department | no. 305 | May 2007 Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes Shinyanga Region, Tanzania 1990-2006 Printing OBT, The Hague Design Corps, The Hague Cover design Eindeloos, The Hague Lay-out Eindeloos, The Hague Cover picture Mwandutu Water User Group ISBN 978-90-5328-354-7 Ordercode OSDR 0571/E www.minbuza.nl/iob May 2007 Preface Support to water supply and sanitary facilities has been a priority for Netherlands development co-operation for many years. For the current policy on development co-operation, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the guiding principle. These include the target to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people in 1990 without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. The purpose of support to water supply and sanitary facilities goes beyond sustainable access: it is intended to reduce the burden of water collection (typically a task of women and girls); improve health; raise school enrolment and attendance; improve livelihoods and ultimately reduce poverty. The Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs has initiated a series of impact evaluations of Netherlands-supported water supply and sanitation programmes. There is consensus worldwide on the impacts of programmes for water supply and sanitary facilities; conventional evaluation studies do not, however, normally quantify these. In the impact studies, a combination of quantitative statistical and qualitative methods and techniques are used. With the series of impact studies IOB wishes to explore how the magnitude of the effects of these programmes can be measured.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Action to Reduce Child Marriage in Shinyanga, Tanzania
    Community action to reduce child marriage in Shinyanga, Tanzania Summary report of achievements and learnings – April 2021 Note: This report summarizes learnings from an independent evaluation conducted by the AfriChild Centre of Excellence for the Study of the African Child, CBO grantee-partners’ reports, reports from community dialogues conducted by grantee-partners with their communities, consultant reports, and observations and reflections by Firelight staff. Glossary of Terms CBO- Community based organization NGO-Non Government Organization OPE- Organization of People Empowerment ICS-Investing in Children and their Societies AACP-Agape Aids Control Programme TVMC-The Voice of Marginalized Community WEADO- Women, Elderly Advocacy and Development Organization YWCA-Young Women Christian Association CHIDEP-Children on Disability Development Programme TAI-Thubutu Africa Initiatives PWWCO-Promising World for Women and Children Organization Rafiki SDO-Rafiki Social Development Organization UNFPA-United Nations Population Fund CPC-Child Protection Committee CWPC-Children and Women Protections Committees SDGs-Sustainable Development Goals TDHS-Tanzania Demographic Health Survey FGD-Focus Group Discussion GBV-Gender Based Violence HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) IEC-Information, Education and Communication IGA-Income Generating Activities SRHR-Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights PF3- Police Form (Tanzania Police Force Medical Examination Report) Summary Since 2015, Firelight has been working with twelve community-based organizations (CBOs) to end child marriage in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. Although the national average shows that 36% of women aged 25-49 were married before their 18th birthday (TDHS – MIS, 2015-16), statistics show that child marriage was estimated to be at 59% in the Shinyanga region (Data from TDHS 2010, as compiled by UNFPA-Tanzania 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania Hebu Tuyajenge
    Musoma People Living with HIV Cluster. Women Living with HIV demonstrating to the USAID’s Mission Director their Batiki Making Economic Activity. TANZANIA HEBU TUYAJENGE Hebu Tuyajenge (“Let’s Discuss Constructively”) engages people living with HIV (PLHIV) via Tanzania’s National Council of People Living with HIV in Tanzania (NACOPHA). The program focuses on increasing utilization of HIV testing, treatment, and family planning services among adolescents and PLHIV, strengthening capacity of PLHIV organizations and structures, and improving the enabling environment for the HIV response through PLHIV empowerment. Hebu Tuyajenge empowers its beneficiaries under the guiding principle of ‘nothing for us is possible without us.’ The program engages HIV-positive individuals and groups in design, implementation, and monitoring of HIV activities delivered in communities. Activity interventions include the following: ● Conducting HIV treatment literacy Budget among PLHIV and in communities. $17.5 million ● Prevention of new HIV infections among adolescents. Duration ● Engaging faith and community leaders December 2019 – December 2024 in finding children and men living with Activity Locations HIV. 65 District Councils in Dar es Salaam, ● Identifying sexual partners and children Mtwara, Lindi, Pwani, Kilimanjaro, of PLHIV and linking them to HIV Tanza, Mwanza, Mara, Tabora, Kagera, Kigoma, Shinyanga, testing. Dodoma, Morogoro, Singida, Arusha, ● Providing adherence counselling and Manyara, Mbeya, Iringa, njombe, support to ensure that PLHIV stay on Ruvuma, and Rukwa. treatment. Implementing Partner ● Training and mentoring treatment The National Council of People Living advocates who are community with HIV in Tanzania (NACOPHA) volunteers. Partners ● Disseminating social behavior change MoHCDEC; PORALG; PLHIV messages through community radios Clusters; Religious Leaders and and interpersonal communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Weather Forecast-Mar to May 2018
    No. 19 Special Issue: March to May (Masika), 2018 Rain Season Outlook issued on 15th February, 2017 Summary The March to May (MAM) rainfall season (Masika) is more significant for the areas over the northeastern highlands, northern coast including the Isles of Unguja and Pemba, Lake Victoria Basin and the northern parts of Kigoma and Morogoro regions. Masika season is expected to commence in the first week of March over the Lake Victoria basin and northern coast and cease in the third week of May Masika season rains are likely to be mainly normal over most areas. However, there is likelihood of elevated periods of below normal rainfall over parts of Northern Tanga region. Normal to above normal rainfall is expected over most areas of Mwanza, Shinyanga, Mara, Arusha, Manyara, Pwani, Tanga, northern Morogoro and extreme northern Kigoma (Kibondo district). The northern part of Tanga region is expected to experience periods of moisture deficit and therefore farmers are advised to plant drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties. The March to May (MAM) rainfall season (Masika) is more significant for the areas over CLIMATE SYSTEMS OUTLOOK the northeastern highlands, northern coast DURING MAM, 2018 including the Isles of Unguja and Pemba, Lake Victoria Basin and the northern parts of The observed gradual cooling over central Kigoma and Morogoro regions. The Masika equatorial Pacific Ocean is likely to persist 2018 rains are expected to be normal to above through the season. Mostly neutral Sea normal over the eastern and western parts of Surface Temperature (SST) conditions are the Lake Victoria Basin and mainly normal expected over much of western Indian Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Shinyanga Forest Retrofitting Resilience to the Shinyanga Forest Landscape Restoration Case Study Edmund Barrow1
    Shinyanga Forest Retrofitting Resilience to the Shinyanga Forest Landscape Restoration Case Study Edmund Barrow1 1Head of IUCN’s global Ecosystem Management Programme IUCN WATER PROGRAMME - CASE STUDY The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN [** or other participating organizations]. [** This publication has been made possible in part by funding from ....] Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland [** in collaboration with] Copyright: © 2014 International Union for Conservation of Nature Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior writ- ten permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Author (date). Title. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. xxpp. Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0020 www.iucn.org Background Shinyanga region has over 2.25 million people, an average growth rate of 2.8% p.a. (1990s), and covers 50,000 sq.km with a population density of 42 people per km2. The high population density, combined with the people’s agro-pastoral land use system which depends on livestock, and subsistence and cash cropping, exacerbated already serious problems of land clearing both prior to, and after 1986 (Barrow et al. 1988, Otsyina et al. 1993, Kilihama 1994, Maro 1995, Mlenge 2005). The area is semi-arid with an average annual rainfall of 600-800 mm, which is erratic and poorly distributed with high variability between seasons.
    [Show full text]