DOCSLIB.ORG

2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Comprehensive Annual Financial 2017 Report City and County of Denver, Colorado Year Ended December 31, 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Year Ended December 31, 2017 City and County of Denver, Colorado ll DENVER It, THE MILE HIGH CITY prepared by Department of Finance Controller’s Office - Accounting and Financial Reporting Division Brendan Hanlon, Chief Financial Officer Beth Machann, CGFM, Controller Available online at www.denvergov.org/finance Photo credits: Evan Semón, Lauren Lang, Lizzie Schoon, Kristin Miller, Raymond Moreno, Susan Helmerich, and Robert Vlier. 311 | POCKETGOV.COM | DENVERGOV.ORG | DENVER 8 TV This page left blank intentionally. Contents Introduction 1 Letter of Transmittal 8 Mayor 9 Auditor, District Attorney, and Clerk and Recorder 10 City Council Members 11 City Organization Chart 12 Government Finance Officers Association Awards Financial 13 Independent Auditor’s Report 17 Management’s Discussion and Analysis (Unaudited) Basic Financial Statements Government-Wide Financial Statements 27 Statement of Net Position 28 Statement of Activities Fund Financial Statements 30 Balance Sheet – Governmental Funds 31 Reconciliation of the Balance Sheet – Governmental Funds to the Statement of Net Position 32 Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Governmental Funds 33 Reconciliation of the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Governmental Funds to the Statement of Activities 34 Statement of Net Position – Proprietary Funds 38 Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Fund Net Position – Proprietary Funds 40 Statement of Cash Flows – Proprietary Funds 44 Statement of Fiduciary Net Position – Fiduciary Funds 45 Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position – Fiduciary Funds 46 Statement of Net Position – Component Units 47 Statement of Activities – Component Units Notes to Basic Financial Statements 49 Contents 50 I. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 60 II. Stewardship, Compliance, and Accountability 61 III. Detailed Notes for All Funds 92 IV. Other Note Disclosures Required Supplementary Information (unaudited) 120 Required Supplementary Information Budgetary Comparison Schedule – General Fund and Human Services Special Revenue Fund 122 Notes to Required Supplementary Information Budgetary Comparison Schedule 123 Required Supplementary Information Other Postemployment Benefits - Implicit Rate Study 123 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City’s Proportionate Share of the Net Pension Liability - DERP 124 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City Contributions - DERP 124 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City’s Proportionate Share of the Net Pension Liability FPPA SWDB 124 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City Contributions - FPPA SWDB 125 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City Contributions - FPPA Old Hire Fire and Police 125 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City’s Proportionate Share of the Net Pension Liability - PERA 126 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of City Contributions - PERA 127 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of Changes in the City’s Net Pension Liability and Related Ratios - FPPA Old Hire Fire 128 Required Supplementary Information Schedule of Changes in the City’s Net Pension LIability and Related Ratios - FPPA Old Hire Police Combining and Individual Fund Financial Statements and Schedules Governmental Funds 130 Combining Balance Sheet – Nonmajor Governmental Funds 131 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Nonmajor Governmental Funds 132 Combining Balance Sheet – Nonmajor Special Revenue Funds 134 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Nonmajor Special Revenue Funds 136 Combining Balance Sheet – Nonmajor Debt Service Funds 137 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Nonmajor Debt Service Funds 138 Combining Balance Sheet – Nonmajor Capital Projects Funds 140 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances – Nonmajor Capital Projects Funds 142 Schedule of Expenditures Compared with Authorizations – General Fund 144 Schedule of Expenditures Compared with Authorizations – Human Services Special Revenue Fund 145 Comparative Balance Sheets – General Fund 146 Comparative Statements of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance – General Fund Proprietary Funds 147 Combining Statement of Net Position – Nonmajor Enterprise Funds 148 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Fund Net Position – Nonmajor Enterprise Funds 149 Combining Statement of Cash Flows – Nonmajor Enterprise Funds 150 Combining Statement of Net Position – Internal Service Funds 151 Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Fund Net Position – Internal Service Funds 152 Combining Statement of Cash Flows – Internal Service Funds Fiduciary Funds 153 Combining Statement of Fiduciary Net Position – Pension, Health, and Other Employee Benefit Trust Funds 154 Combining Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position – Pension, Health, and Other Employee Benefit Trust Funds 155 Combining Statement of Changes in Assets and Liabilities – Agency Funds Component Units 158 Combining Statement of Net Position – Nonmajor Component Units 160 Combining Statement of Activities – Nonmajor Component Units Other Supplementary Schedules 164 Combined Schedule of Bonds Payable and Escrows 166 Local Highway Finance Report Statistical (Unaudited) 169 Contents Financial Trends 171 Net Position by Component 172 Changes in Net Position 175 Fund Balances of Governmental Funds 176 Changes in Fund Balances of Governmental Funds 178 Governmental Activities Tax Revenues by Source Revenue Capacity 179 Sales Tax by Category 180 Assessed Value and Estimated Actual Value of Taxable Property 181 Direct and Overlapping Property Tax Rates 182 Principal Property Taxpayers 184 Property Tax Levies and Collections Debt Capacity 186 Ratios of Outstanding Debt by Type 187 Ratios of General Bonded Debt Outstanding 188 Direct and Overlapping Governmental Activities Debt 189 Legal Debt Margin Information 190 National Western Center and Convention Center Excise Pledged-Revenue Coverage 191 Wastewater Management Fund Pledged-Revenue Coverage 191 Golf Fund Pledged-Revenue Coverage 192 Denver International Airport Fund Pledged-Revenue Coverage Demographic and Economic Information 193 Demographic and Economic Statistics 194 Principal Employers Operating Information 195 Full-Time Equivalent City Government Employees by Function 196 Operating Indicators by Function 197 Capital Asset Statistics Introduction Letter of Transmittal Financial 1 June 5, 2018 Citizens of the City and County of Denver, Honorable Mayor, Honorable Auditor, Honorable Clerk and Recorder, Honorable Members of City Council, and Brendan Hanlon Chief Financial Officer Audit Committee State law requires the City and County of Denver (City) to publish within seven months of the close of the fiscal year a complete set of financial statements presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and audited in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards by a firm of licensed certified public accountants. This report is prepared by the Controller’s Office under the Department of Finance according to Article 2, Part 5 of the City’s Charter. Pursuant to the requirements, I hereby issue the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) of the City for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. This report consists of management’s representations concerning the finances of the City. Responsibility for the accuracy of the data and the completeness and fairness of the presentation, including all disclosures, rests with the management of the City. To provide a reasonable basis for making those representations, management of the City has established a comprehensive internal control framework that is designed both to protect the government’s assets from loss, theft, or misuse and to compile sufficient reliable information for the preparation of the City’s financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Because the cost of internal controls should not outweigh their benefits, the City’s comprehensive framework of internal controls has been designed to provide reasonable rather than absolute assurance that the financial statements will be free from material misstatement. As management, we assert that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, this financial report is complete and reliable in all material respects. BKD, LLP, a firm of licensed certified public accountants, has audited the City’s financial statements. The goal of the independent audit is to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements of the City for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, are free of material misstatement. The audit involved examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements; assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management; and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. The independent auditors concluded, based upon the audit, that there was a reasonable basis for rendering an unmodified opinion on the City’s basic financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017. The independent auditors’ report is presented as the first component of the financial section of this report. Department of Finance,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report to the Transportation Legislation Review Committee on Rail Abandonments and the Potential for Rail Line Acquisitions
    REPORT TO THE TRANSPORTATION LEGISLATION REVIEW COMMITTEE ON RAIL ABANDONMENTS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR RAIL LINE ACQUISITIONS PREPARED BY THE COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION September 2018 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Part I: Background .......................................................................................................................... 3 (A) Rail System in Colorado ................................................................................................................ 3 (B) Colorado Legislative Actions ......................................................................................................... 5 1997 SB 37 / CRS 43-1-13-3 CDOT Report to Legislature ..................................................................... 5 2017 SB 17-153 / CRS 43-4-1001 Southwest Chief and Front Range Passenger Rail Commission ....... 6 (C) Past Transportation Commission Actions ..................................................................................... 7 Part II: Abandonment Activity “Watch List” ................................................................................... 8 Towner Line............................................................................................................................................... 8 Burnham Yard (UP) ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • City of Denver
    CITY OF DENVER CITY OF DENVER UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RY. —PEED of the wind the grace and smoothness of an ar- row luxury and comfort of a smart club in brief, that is the "City of Denver" newest and finest Diesel- powered streamline train in the great Union Pacific-Chicago and North West- ern fleet. The "City of Denver" joins her companion trains, the "City of Los An- geles," the "City of San Francisco," and the "City of Portland," with Chicago to Denver route her domain traversing the run in 16 hours, cutting 91/4 hours off the former fastest train schedule. The "City of Denver" is 864 feet long —864 feet of speed, power and luxuri- ous riding comfort. It has 12 cars: two power cars, baggage car, baggage-mail car, baggage-tavern car, two coaches, diner-cocktail lounge, three sleeping cars and observation-bedroom car. The moment you enter this superb train, you feel its roominess—cars are 9 feet 6 inches wide between side walls, while the inside clear height in the cen- ter is 7 feet 103/4 inches. Aisles are wider than in standard, present-day trains, and afford more than ample room for moving about comfortably. The train is air-conditioned through- out — clean, fresh air is yours at all times. Windows are sealed tight — no dust or grime. In the hottest weather, cool and comfortable — in the coldest, warm and cozy. The strikingly-beautiful observation-lounge OBSERVATION-BEDROOM CAR This beautiful car, the last in the train, contains five bedrooms, one compartment, two card sec- tions and a very spacious observation room.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th CENTURY COLORADO – TRANSPORTATION Public
    20th CENTURY COLORADO – TRANSPORTATION Public Transportation What do these photos tell you about the different kinds of public transportation 20th century Coloradans used? A 1920’s City Bus This is an Englewood city bus of the 1920s. Englewood city bus Photo: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection More About This Topic Electric streetcars provided public transportation in most Colorado cities during the early 1900s. During the 1920s some cities also added busses. The bus in this photo provided transportation from downtown Englewood to the Fort Logan Military Hospital. Denver Tramway Company Bus This bus provided public transportation in Denver during the 1930s. Denver’s Tramway Company Photo: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection More About This Topic Denver’s Tramway Company used busses during the 1920s in addition to electric streetcars. It ran busses like this one on streets that did not have streetcar lines. This bus was built in 1929 by the White Motor Company. Denver Tramway Company Streetcar This is a Denver Tramway Company trolley or street car. The photo was taken in 1940. Denver Tramway Company trolley Photo: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection More About This Topic It took several years for gasoline powered busses to replace electric streetcars in Denver. Streetcars could carry more passengers more cheaply than early busses. The streetcar in this photo ran between Denver and the town of Golden. A 1930’s City Bus This is a Denver Tramway Company bus. The photo probably was taken during the 1930s. Denver Tramway Company bus Photo: Colorado Historical Society More About This Topic To serve its customers better, the Tramway Company kept adding busses to streets that did not have electric streetcars.
    [Show full text]
  • A TIMELINE for GOLDEN, COLORADO (Revised October 2003)
    A TIMELINE FOR GOLDEN, COLORADO (Revised October 2003) "When a society or a civilization perishes, one condition can always be found. They forgot where they came from." Carl Sandburg This time-line was originally created by the Golden Historic Preservation Board for the 1995 Golden community meetings concerning growth. It is intended to illustrate some of the events and thoughts that helped shape Golden. Major historical events and common day-to-day happenings that influenced the lives of the people of Golden are included. Corrections, additions, and suggestions are welcome and may be relayed to either the Historic Preservation Board or the Planning Department at 384-8097. The information concerning events in Golden was gathered from a variety of sources. Among those used were: • The Colorado Transcript • The Golden Transcript • The Rocky Mountain News • The Denver Post State of Colorado Web pages, in particular the Colorado State Archives The League of Women Voters annual reports Golden, The 19th Century: A Colorado Chronicle. Lorraine Wagenbach and Jo Ann Thistlewood. Harbinger House, Littleton, 1987 The Shining Mountains. Georgina Brown. B & B Printers, Gunnison. 1976 The 1989 Survey of Historic Buildings in Downtown Golden. R. Laurie Simmons and Christine Whitacre, Front Range Research Associates, Inc. Report on file at the City of Golden Planning and Development Department. Survey of Golden Historic Buildings. by R. Laurie Simmons and Christine Whitacre, Front Range Research Associates, Inc. Report on file at the City of Golden Planning and Development Department. Golden Survey of Historic Buildings, 1991. R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons. Front Range Research Associates, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • DENVER UNION STATION Master Plan September 2004
    DENVER UNION STATION Master Plan September 2004 PART I Introduction 2 Introduction Dear Fellow Citizens and Interested Readers: Denver Union Station’s unique assets make it an ideal The Master Plan is one of several major initiatives location for this new type of multimodal transportation needed to advance the redevelopment. The Denver We proudly present the Denver Union Station facility. Denver Union Station will create an exciting Planning Board has reviewed the Master Plan as the fi rst Master Plan. This document was developed through transportation crossroads, improving connections step toward City Council adoption as a supplement to an unprecedented collaboration among four public among all transportation modes, respecting the character the City and County of Denver’s Comprehensive Plan. agencies – the City and County of Denver, the and historical signifi cance of this handsome station and Concurrent with the adoption of the Master Plan, City Colorado Department of Transportation, the Denver its adjacent neighborhoods, and providing a stimulating Council will be asked to rezone the 19.5-acre Denver Regional Council of Governments, and the Regional environment for public activity and economic vitality. Union Station site as a new Transit Mixed-Use (T-MU- Transportation District – along with many organizations 30) District and designate the building and a portion of and individuals in the community and the region. Their Focusing on transportation and connectivity, the Master the site as a historic landmark in the City and County of participation, strong support, and donation of countless Plan identifi es and evaluates potential transportation, Denver. hours of their time were essential to this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Demands for Modern Signaling·
    b23 Demands for Modern Signaling· By Burt T. Anderson Director, Bureau of Railway Signaling Economics The Hiawatha on the Milwaukee THE NEW era in railroad transporta­ tion, brought about by streamlining, Faster train speeds necessitate longer air-conditioning, 100 m.p.h. speeds, shortened schedules, 5,000 h.p. loco­ stopping distances-need for multiple­ motives, 152-lb. rail, and increased comfort and speed to the public, has aspects, centralized control and cab signals created new problems for the motive power, engineering, maintenance of way, signal, and operating depart­ ments of the railroads. Fortunately, vices have been installed to expedite mand for expedited traffic and in­ the signaling art has kept pace with traffic, reduce delays and produce the creased comfort in travel and we now railroad progress. In fact, many of desired operating results and savings have higher train speeds, both freight the new signal developments brought without sacrificing-indeed, while in­ and passenger, on a greater number about by the intensive research car­ creasing-safety. The introduction of of regular scheduled runs than ever ried on by the signal and engineering remote control, centralized traffic con­ before in the history of American rail­ committees of the Association of trol, directing trains by signal indica­ roading and without parallel in the American Railroads in conjunction tion, car retarders, modern interlock­ world. with signal companies antedate the ings, automatic interlockings, spring The recent 12-1/5-hr. run on the new era in railroading. While safety switches, etc., has produced econ­ Burlington's new "Denver Zephyr" was undoubtedly the original purpose omies, increased safety, and decrea-sed between Chicago and Denver at a rec­ for which signaling was installed, for operating costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Details of Convention and Program Decided
    ~ NEWS A publication issued monthly by The American Title Association Publ,.hed rrwnthl11 at Moum Morna, IlZ.noia; Editorial office, Hutch&,..on, Ka,... Entorad aa aacond cla.. matter, Docambor 15, 19!1, at Iha poat office at Mount Morri•, IUinoi•, undar th• act of March~. 1879. Vol. 4 JULY, 1925 No. 6 Final Details of Convention and Program Decided A Four Day Session, With Two Half Days and One Eve!1ing of Ente~tainment-Ban­ quet in Unique Setting-Hosts Plan Extraordinary Entertainment Final plans and details of the Con­ tending and the work of the Conven­ ness and his own personal benefit and vention have been arranged. The many tion proceedings. welfare to attend the conventions of details of the Convention itself have Immediately across the street is the his trade, business or profession. These been settled and the program decided Shirley-Savoy and the Metropole, two conventions are the post-graduate upon. It will be printed and shown in other first-cla'ss hotels. The facilities schools, the academies, the clearing the August "Title News." Our hosts of these three places, all in an imme­ house and the clinic of a business. have outlined the entertainment to be diate vicinity, insure everyone securing Many Invitations From Denver and provided and all is ready to show us a their choice of accommodations. Colorado. good time. Anyone who misses this Hosts Have Been Working Hard. Many most cordial invitations to convention will miss the time of his Our hosts have spent lots of time meet in Denver were sent to President life, in both pleasure and profit.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban and Architectural History of Denver, Colorado by Caitlin Anne Milligan
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design Theses Fall 12-2015 Gold, Iron, and Stone: The rbU an and Architectural History of Denver, Colorado Caitlin A. Milligan Samfox School of Design and Visual Arts Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/samfox_arch_etds Part of the Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Milligan, Caitlin A., "Gold, Iron, and Stone: The rU ban and Architectural History of Denver, Colorado" (2015). Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Theses. 2. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/samfox_arch_etds/2 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Theses by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Architecture and Architectural History Thesis Examination Committee: Dr. Eric Mumford, Chair Dr. Robert Moore Gold, Iron, and Stone The Urban and Architectural History of Denver, Colorado by Caitlin Anne Milligan A thesis presented to the Graduate School of Design & Visual Arts of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architectural Studies (Concentration: the History
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents 1 9 13 23 29 39 47 59 61 65 67 69
    TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 II. INTRODUCTION 9 III. EXISTING RAILROAD OPERATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 13 IV. STATIONS 23 V. SERVICE RESTORATION ALTERNATIVES 29 VI. RIDERSHIP AND OPERATING COST ANALYSIS 39 VII. CAPITAL COSTS AND IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS 47 VIII. IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE 59 IX. PUBLIC OUTREACH 61 X. PUBLIC BENEFITS 65 XI. CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS 67 XII. EXHIBITS 69 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Background This report examines the feasibility of reinstating Amtrak’s Pioneer route, which operated from 1977 to 1997 between Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington via Denver, Colorado and Salt Lake City/Ogden, Utah. Amtrak was directed to perform this study by the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (PRIIA) (Public Law 110‐432), which reauthorized Amtrak and tasked Amtrak, the Federal government, states, and other rail stakeholders to improve intercity passenger rail service. Section 224 of PRIIA requires Amtrak to undertake studies of reinstating the Pioneer route, and of reinstating or expanding service, or adding stops, on several other routes. Amtrak is to submit these studies to Congress by October 16, 2009. B. Route History When the Pioneer was established in June of 1977, it operated from Salt Lake City and Ogden to Seattle. At Ogden, Amtrak’s San Francisco Zephyr provided connecting service to/from Denver and Chicago for Pioneer route passengers. In 1980‐81, new bi‐ level Superliner equipment was placed in service on the Pioneer, which allowed the train to offer convenient “through car” service to Chicago via the Zephyr and eliminated the need for passengers to physically change trains in Ogden.
    [Show full text]
  • Denver Railyard History Presentation by Larry Ralston [email protected] May 16, 1868 Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph
    Denver Railyard History Presentation by Larry Ralston [email protected] May 16, 1868 Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company broke ground for its line going north to meet the Union Pacific in Cheyenne. Milepost 0 was on a line with the alley between Wynkoop and Wazee at 19th Street. The station was located at 21st and Wazee. 1870 First Denver Pacific train arrived from Cheyenne on June 24. Construction commenced July 5 eastward on the Kansas Pacific Railroad. It connected with the west bound construction at Strasburg August 15. Colorado Central Railroad started construction on its line which would connect Denver and Golden. The Kansas Pacific and Colorado Central both rented space from the Denver Pacific station at 21st and Wazee. 1871 Denver and Rio Grande Railroad started construction July 21. Milepost 0 was between two spurs of the Denver Pacific Railroad at 19th and Wynkoop. D&RG constructed its own station at 19th and Wynkoop. 1874 Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad commenced grading in August. Milepost 0 was at 6th and Larimer with the depot at 6th and Walnut. 1875 Colorado Central moved to a new station at 16th and Delgany. 1879 Union Depot and Railroad Company was formed by the Denver and Rio Grande, the Denver, South Park, and Pacific, the Colorado Central, and the Union Pacific Railroads. Walter Cheesman was the first president. The purpose was to build and operate a combined passenger depot. Land was purchased with boundaries being 16th, Wynkoop, 18th, and Delgany Streets. 1880 John Brisben Walker purchased 500 lots near present day Union Station where he would build Denver’s first amusement park, River Front Park.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Community Land Trusts in Fostering Equitable, Transit-Oriented Development: Case Studies from Atlanta, Denver, and the Twin Cities
    The Role of Community Land Trusts in Fostering Equitable, Transit-Oriented Development: Case Studies from Atlanta, Denver, and the Twin Cities Robert Hickey © 2013 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Working Paper The findings and conclusions of this Working Paper reflect the views of the author(s) and have not been subject to a detailed review by the staff of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Contact the Lincoln Institute with questions or requests for permission to reprint this paper. [email protected] Lincoln Institute Product Code: WP13RH1 Abstract As transit systems expand and deliver improved connectivity, demand for housing within walking distance of transit stops is expected to grow, leading to higher rents and home prices that may price existing and prospective lower income households out of these neighborhoods. This paper examines the potential role of community land trusts (CLTs) to help address these concerns and ensure that transit-oriented development (TOD) is affordable to lower income households over the long term. Using case studies of CLTs engaged in TOD efforts in Atlanta, Denver, and the Twin Cities, this paper explores the opportunities, challenges, and supports that exist for CLTs eyeing future TOD endeavors. The author reaches the following major conclusions: • CLTs are playing an important role in efforts to address affordability concerns near transit in each of the three case study regions studied. Without CLTs, each region lacks adequate mechanisms for ensuring that affordable living options will be in place after its transit system is built out, and for addressing the potential displacement of lower income households in transit neighborhoods.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Budget Highlights
    Table of Contents Volume 1 Introduction Page Mayor's Budget Message ............................................................................................................ 1 Explanation of Budget Document................................................................................................ 7 Introduction to Budget Decisionmaking ...................................................................................... 10 Strategic Framework -Denveright ............................................................................................... 12 Children and Youth ...................................................................................................................... 14 Jobs and Balanced Growth .......................................................................................................... 16 Public Safety ................................................................................................................................ 19 Safety Net .................................................................................................................................... 22 Sustainability .............................................................................................................................. 24 Customer Experience .................................................................................................................. 27 Mobility ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]