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FOR Peopleof Humanities and Social Sciences BuildingRESEARCH IN Cities ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE FOR PEOPLEof Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences Traditional cities will continue to attract many of our brightest and most capable citizens, particularly among the young and childless. But our evidence indicates strongly that, for the most part, families with children seem to be settling Center for Demographics and Policy instead in small, relatively inexpensive metropolitan areas, such as Fayetteville in Arkansas and Missouri; Cape Coral and Melbourne in Florida; Columbia, South Center for Demographics and Policy Carolina; Colorado Springs; and Boise. ey are also moving to less celebrated RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION middlesized metropolitan areas, such as Austin, Raleigh, San Antonio and Atlanta. WILKINSON COLLEGE Center for Demographics and Policy of Humanities and Social Sciences CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY CHAPMAN PRESS PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Center for Demographics and Policy Center for Demographics and Policy CHAPMAN PRESS UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY Center for Demographics and Policy PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY Center for Demographics and Policy CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS Building Cities FOR PEOPLE Joel Kotkin Lead Author Wendell Cox, Mark Schill, & Ali Modarres Coauthors Zina Klapper Editor Charlie Stephens, Nate Kaspi, Alicia Kurimska, & Haley Wragg Researchers Special thanks to Christina Marshall and Lenae Reiter CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PRESS CHAPMAN PRESS UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015 PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITYBEST CITIES FOR PEOPLE 1 PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY PRESS RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE of Humanities and Social Sciences Center for Demographics and Policy Center for Demographics and Policy RESEARCH IN ACTION RESEARCH IN ACTION WILKINSON COLLEGE Center for Demographics and Policy of Humanities and Social Sciences CHAPMAN CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Center for Demographics and Policy Center for Demographics and Policy CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY Center for Demographics and Policy “Demography is destiny” has become somewhat an overused phrase, but that does not reduce the critical importance of population trends to virtually every aspect of economic, social andC politicalHAPMAN life. Concern overUNIVERSITY demographic trends has been heightened in recent years by several international trends — notablyCenter rapid aging, for Demographicsreduced fertility, and largeand scale Policy migration across borders. On the national level, shifts in attitude, generation and ethnicity have proven decisive in both the political realm and in the economic fortunes of regions and states. The Center focuses research and analysis of global, national and regional demographic trends and also looks into policies that might produce favorable demographic results over time. In addition it involves Chapman students in demographic research under the supervision of the Center’s senior staff. Students work with the Center’s director and engage in research that will serve them well as they look to develop their careers in business, the social sciences and the arts. They will also have access to our advisory board, which includes distinguished Chapman faculty and major demographic scholars from across the country and the world. 2 CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY • CENTER FOR DEMOGRAPHICS AND POLICY Wilkinson College of Humanities and Social Sciences is the largest college at Chapman University. The distinguished faculty are composed of active scholars who are renowned nationally and internationally for their academic excellence and contribution to knowledge. But just as important, they are also enthusiastic teachers who take seriously their responsibility of ensuring that our students, whether majors, minors, or graduate students, are prepared for the intellectual, ethical, and professional challenges that a rapidly changing world is going to present. Our college is focused on providing a well-rounded educational foundation that lead to a variety of career paths. Wilkinson College invites you to join our vibrant intellectual community, where collaborative student-faculty research, internships, community service, travel courses and study abroad, student organizations, and several lecture series extend learning beyond the classroom. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH CENTERS: The Earl Babbie Research Center is dedicated to empowering students and faculty to apply a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative social research methods to conduct studies that address critical social, behavioral, economic and environmental problems. The Center’s mission is to provide research support and instruction to students, faculty and the broader community, and to produce research that addresses global concerns including human rights, social justice, peaceful solutions to social conflicts and environmental sustainability. The Babbie Center supports cutting edge interdisciplinary research and encourages faculty student collaboration. For more information about the Earl Babbie Research Center. The Henley Social Science Research Lab supports undergraduate and faculty research through a variety of programs. Research assistants staff the lab five days a week and can help faculty with the collection and analysis of data. They are also available to support students by providing tutoring in SPSS, GIS and quantitative methods for courses that include this content. The lab also encourages and facilitates interdisciplinary research with the creation of faculty work groups and serves as a resource for the community and can provide consulting services. The Henley lab is pleased to provide consulting for local government and community groups. BEST CITIES FOR PEOPLE 3 AUTHOR Joel Kotkin is an internationally-recognized authority on global, economic, political and social trends. Joel Kotkin is the author of the forthcoming The Human City: Urbanism For The Rest Of Us, to be published in April by Agate Press. His previous books include the The New Class Conflict, The Next Hundred Million: America In 2050 and The City: A Global History. Mr. Kotkin is the Roger Hobbs Distinguished Fellow in Urban Studies at Chapman University in Orange, California and executive director of the Center for Opportunism Urbanism in Houston, Texas. He also serves as Executive Editor of the widely read website www.newgeography.com. He writes the weekly “New Geography” column for Forbes.com. He is a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Civil Service College in Singapore. He serves on the editorial board of the Orange County Register writes a weekly column for that paper, and is a regular contributor to The Daily Beast and RealClearPolitics. EDITOR Zina Klapper is a longtime journalist and editor with numerous national credits. Her most recent projects include writing widely published commentaries and directing international media outreach for Levy Economics Institue, and editing a major volume of essays on urbanization for MIT, scheduled for publication in 2017. 4 CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY • CENTER FOR DEMOGRAPHICS AND POLICY CO-AUTHORS Wendell Cox is a member of the Board of Advisors at the Center for Demographics and Policy at Chapman University. He also serves as the Chair of Housing Affordability and Municipal Policy for the Frontier Centre for Public Policy (Winnipeg, Canada), and is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Opportunity Urbanism (Houston). He is principal of Demographia, an international public policy and demographics firm (St. Louis). He is co-author of the "Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey" and author of "Demographia World Urban Areas" and "Toward More Prosperous Cities: A Framing Essay on Urban Areas, Planning, Transport and the Dimensions of Sustainability." He was appointed to three terms on the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission by Mayor Tom Bradley, where he served with the leading city and county leadership as the only non-elected member. He was appointed to the Amtrak Reform Council by Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich. He also served as a visiting professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, a national university in Paris. He holds a BA in Government from California State University, Los Angeles and an MBA from Pepperdine University, Los Angeles. Ali Modarres is the Director of Urban Studies at University of Washington Tacoma. He is a geographer and landscape architect, specializing in urban planning and policy. He has written extensively about social geography, transportation planning, and urban development issues in American cities. Mark Schill is the Vice President at Praxis Strategy Group. He is a community strategy consultant with more than 15 years of experience working on economic strategy, public policy, community development initiatives, and corporate strategy across 13 states. His economic and population analysis work has appeared in Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, Politico, and many regional
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  • Smart Growth (Livability), Air Pollution and Public Health by Wendell Cox 09/29/2011
    Smart Growth (Livability), Air Pollution and Public Health by Wendell Cox 09/29/2011 In response to the outcry by job creators about proposed new Nitrogen Oxides emission regulations, the Obama Administration has suspended a planned expansion of these rules. The Public Health Risks of Densification The purpose of local air pollution regulation is to improve public health. For years, regional transportation plans, public officials, and urban planners have been seeking to densify urban areas, using strategies referred to as “smart growth” or “livability.” They have claimed that densifying urban areas would lead to lower levels of air pollution, principally because it is believed to reduce travel by car. In fact, however, EPA data show that higher population densities are strongly associated with higher levels of automobile travel and more intense air pollution emissions from cars and other highway vehicles. In short, higher emissions cause people to breathe more in air pollution, which can be unhealthful. To use a graphic example, a person is likely to encounter a greater chance of health risk by breathing intense smoke from a fire than if they are far enough from the fire to dilute the intensity of the smoke. Overall, more intense air pollution detracts from public health. To put in the economic terms that appear so often in planning literature on "urban sprawl," more intense traffic congestion and the consequent higher air pollution emissions are negative externalities of smart growth and densification. This is illustrated by county-level data for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, which is an important contributor to ozone formation.
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