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Avionics Thermal Management of Airborne Electronic Equipment, 50 Years Later
FALL 2017 electronics-cooling.com THERMAL LIVE 2017 TECHNICAL PROGRAM Avionics Thermal Management of Advances in Vapor Compression Airborne Electronic Electronics Cooling Equipment, 50 Years Later Thermal Management Considerations in High Power Coaxial Attenuators and Terminations Thermal Management of Onboard Charger in E-Vehicles Reliability of Nano-sintered Silver Die Attach Materials ESTIMATING INTERNAL AIR ThermalRESEARCH Energy Harvesting ROUNDUP: with COOLING TEMPERATURE OCTOBERNext Generation 2017 CoolingEDITION for REDUCTION IN A CLOSED BOX Automotive Electronics UTILIZING THERMOELECTRICALLY ENHANCED HEAT REJECTION Application of Metallic TIMs for Harsh Environments and Non-flat Surfaces ONLINE EVENT October 24 - 25, 2017 The Largest Single Thermal Management Event of The Year - Anywhere. Thermal Live™ is a new concept in education and networking in thermal management - a FREE 2-day online event for electronics and mechanical engineers to learn the latest in thermal management techniques and topics. Produced by Electronics Cooling® magazine, and launched in October 2015 for the first time, Thermal Live™ features webinars, roundtables, whitepapers, and videos... and there is no cost to attend. For more information about Technical Programs, Thermal Management Resources, Sponsors & Presenters please visit: thermal.live Presented by CONTENTS www.electronics-cooling.com 2 EDITORIAL PUBLISHED BY In the End, Entropy Always Wins… But Not Yet! ITEM Media 1000 Germantown Pike, F-2 Jean-Jacques (JJ) DeLisle Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 USA -
ENGINE COOLING and VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING AGRICULTURAL and CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES What Is Thermal Management?
ENGINE COOLING AND VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING AGRICULTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES What is thermal management? Modern thermal management encompasses the areas of engine cooling and vehicle air conditioning. In addition to ensuring an optimum engine temperature in all operating states, the main tasks include heating and cooling of the vehicle cabin. However, these two areas should not be considered in isolation. One unit is often formed from components of these two assemblies which influence one another reciprocally. All components used must therefore be as compatible as possible to ensure effective and efficient thermal management. In this brochure, we would like to present you with an overview of our modern air-conditioning systems and also the technology behind them. We not only present the principle of operation, we also examine causes of failure, diagnosis options and special features. Disclaimer/Picture credits The publisher has compiled the information provided in this training document based on the information published by the automobile manufacturers and importers. Great care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the publisher cannot be held liable for mistakes and any consequences thereof. This applies both to the use of data and information which prove to be wrong or have been presented in an incorrect manner and to errors which have occurred unintentionally during the compilation of data. Without prejudice to the above, the publisher assumes no liability for any kind of loss with regard to profits, goodwill or any other loss, including economic loss. The publisher cannot be held liable for any damage or interruption of operations resulting from the non-observance of the training document and the special safety notes. -
Using Radiators with Wetback Fires the Joy of Fire with the Comfort of Central Heating
using radiators with wetback fires The joy of fire with the comfort of central heating. Heating Radiators with Fire Log burners are commonly available with a wetback system that heats • Heat more of your home with a hot water cylinder. It’s possible to extend the functionality of the your fire wetback by using radiators to spread the heat to other parts of the house. • Radiators available in a This means you can get the pleasure of watching a fire burn in your living variety of styles and endless room while the rest of the home is brought to a comfortable temperature colour options by the radiators. • Using a cheap and reliable People often try to move the hot air from a fire into other parts of the source of firewood means no house with duct work. Moving heat with water is so much more effective additional fuel costs as water transports energy four times better than air. The number of radiators you can heat depends on the heat output of the wetback and the rating of the radiators. A typical wetback only provides 2 to 4kW of heat as this is all that is needed to heat a hot water cylinder if the fire is on for five to ten hours per day. In order to heat a central heating system, a wetback with a higher output is often required. There are fires that have larger wetbacks (up to 15kW) and put out more heat to the wetback, enabling more radiators to be connected. How It Works While the fire is burning, the heat from the combustion process heats water jackets installed within the firebox. -
Comparison of a Novel Polymeric Hollow Fiber Heat Exchanger and a Commercially Available Metal Automotive Radiator
polymers Article Comparison of a Novel Polymeric Hollow Fiber Heat Exchanger and a Commercially Available Metal Automotive Radiator Tereza Kroulíková 1,* , Tereza K ˚udelová 1 , Erik Bartuli 1 , Jan Vanˇcura 2 and Ilya Astrouski 1 1 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (I.A.) 2 Institute of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A novel heat exchanger for automotive applications developed by the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory at the Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic, is compared with a conventional commercially available metal radiator. The heat transfer surface of this heat exchanger is composed of polymeric hollow fibers made from polyamide 612 by DuPont (Zytel LC6159). The cross-section of the polymeric radiator is identical to the aluminum radiator (louvered fins on flat tubes) in a Skoda Octavia and measures 720 × 480 mm. The goal of the study is to compare the functionality and performance parameters of both radiators based on the results of tests in a calibrated air wind tunnel. During testing, both heat exchangers were tested in conventional conditions used for car radiators with different air flow and coolant (50% ethylene glycol) rates. The polymeric hollow fiber heat exchanger demonstrated about 20% higher thermal performance for the same air flow. The Citation: Kroulíková, T.; K ˚udelová, T.; Bartuli, E.; Vanˇcura,J.; Astrouski, I. -
District Heating System, Which Is More Efficient Than
Supported by ECOHEATCOOL Work package 3 Guidelines for assessing the efficiency of district heating and district cooling systems This report is published by Euroheat & Power whose aim is to inform about district heating and cooling as efficient and environmentally benign energy solutions that make use of resources that otherwise would be wasted, delivering reliable and comfortable heating and cooling in return. The present guidelines have been developed with a view to benchmarking individual systems and enabling comparison with alternative heating/cooling options. This report is the report of Ecoheatcool Work Package 3 The project is co-financed by EU Intelligent Energy Europe Programme. The project time schedule is January 2005-December 2006. The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Up-to-date information about Euroheat & Power can be found on the internet at www.euroheat.org More information on Ecoheatcool project is available at www.ecoheatcool.org © Ecoheatcool and Euroheat & Power 2005-2006 Euroheat & Power Avenue de Tervuren 300, 1150 Brussels Belgium Tel. +32 (0)2 740 21 10 Fax. +32 (0)2 740 21 19 Produced in the European Union ECOHEATCOOL The ECOHEATCOOL project structure Target area of EU28 + EFTA3 for heating and cooling Information resources: Output: IEA EB & ES Database Heating and cooling Housing statistics -
Modeling and Optimization of a Thermosiphon for Passive Thermal Management Systems
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR PASSIVE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Benjamin Haile Loeffler In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology December 2012 MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR PASSIVE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Approved by: Dr. J. Rhett Mayor, Advisor Dr. Sheldon Jeter G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Srinivas Garimella G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: 11/12/2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first thank my committee members, Dr. Jeter and Dr. Garimella, for their time and consideration in evaluating this work. Their edits and feedback are much appreciated. I would also like to acknowledge my lab mates for the free exchange and discussion of ideas that has challenged all of us to solve problems in new and better ways. In particular, I am grateful to Sam Glauber, Chad Bednar, and David Judah for their hard work on the pragmatic tasks essential to this project. Andrew Semidey has been a patient and insightful mentor since my final terms as an undergrad. I thank him for his tutelage and advice over the years. Without him I would have remained a mediocre heat transfer student at best. Andrew was truly indispensable to my graduate education. I must also thank Dr. Mayor for his guidance, insight, and enthusiasm over the course of this work. -
Consumer Guide: Balancing the Central Heating System
Consumer Guide: Balancing the central heating system System Balancing Keep your home heating system in good working order. Balancing the heating system Balancing of a heating system is a simple process which can improve operating efficiency, comfort and reduce energy usage in wet central heating systems. Many homeowners are unaware of the merits of system balancing -an intuitive, common sense principle that heating engineers use to make new and existing systems operate more efficiently. Why balance? Balancing of the heating system is the process of optimising the distribution of water through the radiators by adjusting the lockshield valve which equalizes the system pressure so it provides the intended indoor climate at optimum energy efficiency and minimal operating cost. To provide the correct heat output each radiator requires a certain flow known as the design flow. If the flow of water through the radiators is not balanced, the result can be that some radiators can take the bulk of the hot water flow from the boiler, leaving other radiators with little flow. This can affect the boiler efficiency and home comfort conditions as some rooms may be too hot or remain cold. There are also other potential problems. Thermostatic radiator valves with too much flow may not operate properly and can be noisy with water “streaming” noises through the valves, particularly as they start to close when the room temperature increases. What causes an unbalanced system? One cause is radiators removed for decorating and then refitted. This can affect the balance of the whole system. Consequently, to overcome poor circulation and cure “cold radiators” the system pump may be put onto a higher speed or the boiler thermostat put onto a higher temperature setting. -
A Heat Pump for Space Applications
45th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2015-35 12-16 July 2015, Bellevue, Washington A Heat Pump for Space Applications H.J. van Gerner 1, G. van Donk2, A. Pauw3, and J. van Es4 National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and S. Lapensée5 European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk ZH, The Netherlands In commercial communication satellites, waste heat (5-10kW) has to be radiated into space by radiators. These radiators determine the size of the spacecraft, and a further increase in radiator size (and therefore spacecraft size) to increase the heat rejection capacity is not practical. A heat pump can be used to raise the radiator temperature above the temperature of the equipment, which results in a higher heat rejecting capacity without increasing the size of the radiators. A heat pump also provides the opportunity to use East/West radiators, which become almost as effective as North/South radiators when the temperature is elevated to 100°C. The heat pump works with the vapour compression cycle and requires a compressor. However, commercially available compressors have a high mass (40 kg for 10kW cooling capacity), cause excessive vibrations, and are intended for much lower temperatures (maximum 65°C) than what is required for the space heat pump application (100°C). Dedicated aerospace compressors have been developed with a lower mass (19 kg) and for higher temperatures, but these compressors have a lower efficiency. For this reason, an electrically-driven, high-speed (200,000 RPM), centrifugal compressor system has been developed in a project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA). -
Modeling and Simulation of a Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater in Makurdi Using Transient System Simulation
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 451 ISSN 2229-5518 Modeling and Simulation of a Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater in Makurdi using Transient System Simulation Prof. Joshua Ibrahim, Dr. Aoandona Kwaghger, Engr. Shehu Mohammed Sani ABSTRACT The modeling and simulation of a thermosyphon solar water heater at Makurdi (7.74oN) Nigeria was conducted for a period of three months (November, 2013- January, 2014). The research was aimed at simulating the performance of a solar water heater by using various parameters for greater efficiency. The solar water heater was developed and its performance was simulated at University of Agriculture Makurdi. The solar radiation on a horizontal surface was measured using a solarimeter. The water mass flow rates were measured using a Flow meter. The relative humidity data were measured using the Hygrometer. The inlet, outlet and ambient temperatures were measured using a Digital thermometer. For the simulation of the entire system the following measured parameters were used, as global solar radiation on collector plate, collector ambient temperature, heat exchanger and storage tank ambient temperature, flow rate of the collector and storage loop, the cold tap water temperature and the hot water usage. For the validation of the model and for the identification of parameters as heat loss coefficients in situ measurements were performed. Based on the developed models parameter sensitivity analysis and transient influences can be examining for the element and the entire system as well. The results obtained were simulated using Transient simulation software16 (TRNSYS). The results obtained showed that the daily average solar radiation for the period varied from 405 푊/푚2 to1008 푊/푚2. -
Cooling Modules and Cooling Systems for Agricultural and Forestry Machinery Cooling Systems for Agriculture and Forestry Machinery
Cooling Experts Around the Globe Cooling Modules and Cooling Systems for Agricultural and Forestry Machinery Cooling Systems for Agriculture and Forestry Machinery AKG PRODUCT RANGE Bar/Plate TubeFin Radiator Cooling Air Fins • Strong • Resistant to clogging • Easy to clean / maintain • High efficiency • Durable • Versatile applications • Robust construction • High pressure resistance • Deep cores • Weight optimized Product details • Customer specific design • Cost effective • Low tooling costs • High cooling capacity • Short time to market with • Aluminum header tanks Flexible AKG Hollow Profile proven component options • Highly flexible dimension In many coolers AKG uses hollow • Optimized costs and space claim profiles to reduce local peak strains. • Long lifetime • Side-by-Side arrangement This way the strength of heat ex- • Clogging resistant changers is significantly increased • Global availability and their service life time considera- bly prolonged. TubeFin Charge Air Cooler LightWeight Cooler AKG Hollow Profile Features • Reduced Strain: Strength calculations show that when using AKG hollow profiles maximum strain is reduced by a factor of 2 • Prolonged Service Life Time: • Robust construction • Fully brazed with no welding Extensive rig tests have shown • Deep cores • Light weight & robust construction that the service life time increases • Weight optimized • High performance by a factor ranging from 3 to 5 • Less manufacturing lead time Cooling Systems for Agriculture and Forestry Machinery FORAGE HARVESTER Smoothly functioning harvesters yield highly efficient harvesting performance. AKG cooling systems provide cooling air fins with high specific cooling capacity and resistance to clogging from contamination. The custom engineered AKG cooling systems are characterized by high performance, optimized weight and Tier 4 compatibility. HARVESTING Unfavorable weather and soil conditions are often key factors in beet and potato harvesting. -
Thermosyphon Flooding in Reduced Gravity Environments
THERMOSYPHON FLOODING IN REDUCED GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS by Marc Andrew Gibson Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Thesis Advisor: Dr. Joseph M. Prahl Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University January 2013 Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies We hereby approve the thesis of __________________Marc Andrew Gibson___________________ candidate for the Master of Science degree*. (signed) ___________Dr. Joseph Prahl_______________________ (chair of the committee) _________________Dr. Yasuhiro Kamotani_________________ _ _________________Dr. Paul Barnhart_______________________ _________________Lee Mason____________________________ (date)__11/19/2012____ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 1 Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Heat Rejection of Nuclear Power Systems for Planetary Surface Applications. ............................... 10 1.2 Themosyphons, Heat Pipes, and the effects of Gravity ................................................................... 15 1.3 Thermosyphon limits ...................................................................................................................... -
Small Air to Water Heat Pump Chiller | Resdiential Hydronic Heat Pump
The World’s Most Efficient Chiller Heat Pump Ultra-Efficient Multiple IDUs - Up to 8 Indoor Units Per CX34 CX34 Air-To-Water Heat Pump 2 Tons Cooling / 3 Tons heating IPLV Cooling 26,615 BTU COP 6.75 EER 23.02 Heating 33,813 BTU COP 3.92 Save More w/ DC Inverter Fan Motors All of the thin-line (5.1" thin) wall, floor and ceiling fan coil units use high efficiency and nearly silent DC Inverter fan motors, designed for 115v 50/60Hz power. 220v 50/60Hz standard FCUs are available for export customers. Geothermal Performance There is no Energy Star program for air to water heat pumps. However, the Chiltrix air-cooled chiller exceeds the Energy Star EER requirements for geothermal water-to-water systems. Server Room Cooling Ultra High Efficiency Heat Pump Chiller Chiltrix offers an optional Free Cooling add-on which allows up The CX34 obtains its ultra high efficiency using existing technologies in to EER 141+ & COP 41+ cooling performance during winter at a new way. For example, we use a DC Inverter compressor and a DC low ambient temperatures. Chiltrix chillers are also available Inverter water pump (both are variable speed) controlled together with in a N+1 redundant configuration. a DC inverter fan motor to achieve the best possible balance of water flow rate, compressor speed, and energy use. Solar Ready Perfect for solar PV operation with super low power draw and A special control algorithm looks at the temperature delta between the a 2 amp soft start that’s easy on inverters and batteries.