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Renewable Energy in West Africa in the International Context

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Renewable Energy in West Africa in the International Context Energías_renovables_portada(ingles):Energías_renovables_portada(ingles) 21/06/13 13:15 Página 1 The ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), the Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC) and Casa África have prepared this publication on the state of renewable en- ergy in Western Africa. It is a compilation of articles written by var- Renewable energy ious authors and important regional and international institutions. The objective is to present the current situation and latest trends in West Africa in renewable energy in West Africa in the international context. STATUS, EXPERIENCES AND TRENDS This book is also a contribution to the UN International Year of Sus- tainable Energy for All, and complements the efforts of the ECREEE in managing and disseminating as well as those of the RENOW proj- ect (MAC/3/1982), led by the ITC, which seeks to elaborate strate- gies in developing renewable energy in the Euro-African Atlantic Area, led by the ITC. This publication includes articles on the legal framework and State- of-the-Art renewable energy technology, both in the West African and International regions including experiences shared in the renewable energy sector. With support from: Renewable energy in West Africa. Status, experiences and trends Renewable energy in West With financing from: IBIC: KNBT/1HFD Elaborated by: ISBN: 978-84-8198-880-2 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 344 26/7/13 13:43:08 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 1 26/7/13 13:42:40 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 2 26/7/13 13:42:40 Renewable energy in West Africa STATUS, EXPERIENCES AND TRENDS (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 3 26/7/13 13:42:40 Prepared by: With financing from: PUBLISHERS: ECOWAS CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (ECREEE) RENEWABLE ENERGY DEPARTMENT, CANARY ISLAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ITC) ECONOMY AND BUSINESS AREA, CASA ÁFRICA THIS BOOK SHOULD BE CITED AS: “VILAR (ED) (2012) “RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WESTERN AFRICA: SITUATION, EXPERIENCES AND TENDENCIES“ TRANSLATION TEAM: AGNÈS LOUART (COORDINATOR), JORGE BARRIUSO, IAN THORPE, Mª JESÚS DÍAZ LÓPEZ DE VERGARA, EULOGIO BARRIO, LUISA PENA MONTERO, EVA MIRIAM SAMPAIO DE ANDRADE, MARÍA TERESA AMARAL, LAURA SANCHO ANDRÉS, MARÍA MAGDALENA FERNÁNDEZ PÉREZ CANARY ISLANDS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ITC) CASA ÁFRICA © AUTHORS, 2012 © CASA ÁFRICA, 2012 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WEST AFRICA. STATUS, EXPERIENCES AND TRENDS NIPO: 502-12-033-7 ISBN: 978-84-8198-880-2 DEPÓSITO LEGAL: M-19.689-2013 THIS BOOK HAS BEEN PUBLISHED FOR DISTRIBUTION. THE INTENTION OF THE PUBLISHERS IS FOR IT TO BE USED AS EXTENSIVELY AS POSSIBLE, THAT ORIGINALS ARE ACQUIRED TO ALLOW NEW COPIES TO BE PUBLISHED AND THAT, WHEN REPRODUCING PARTS OF THE BOOK, THE TITLE AND AUTHORSHIP IS CREDITED. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ARTICLES OF THIS PUBLICATION BELONG EXCLUSIVELY TO THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE PUBLISHERS OR PROMOTERS OF THE BOOK. THE PUBLISHERS AND PROMOTERS OF THE BOOK DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OF THE DATA INCLUDED IN THIS PUBLICATION AND SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE OR RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR USE. THIS PUBLICATION HAS BEEN PREPARED WITH FINANCING FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION. THE CONTENT IS THE EXCLUSIVE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR AND IS NOT IN ANY CASE TO BE CONSIDERED A REFLECTION OF THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION OR OF THE PROJECT PARTNERS (IOM AND FIIAPP). (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 4 26/7/13 13:42:40 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 FOREWORDS AND INTRODUCTION 11 INTRODUCTION FROM THE ECOWAS CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (ECREEE) Mahama Kappiah 13 SPAIN AND ECREEE – THE SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WESTERN AFRICA Juan López-Dóriga 16 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ECOWAS: STATUS, EXPERIENCES AND TRENDS Santiago Martínez-Caro 19 CANARY ISLANDS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ITC) AND THE SEARCH FOR CLEAN AND EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY AND WATER SECTORS IN ECOWAS Gonzalo Piernavieja Izquierdo 21 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 5 26/7/13 13:42:40 BETTER TOGETHER Ambassador Brigitte Öppinger-Walchshofer 27 CONTRIBUTION OF UNIDO TO THE PROMOTION OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABLE IN WESTERN AFRICA Pradeep Monga 29 INTRODUCTION David Vilar Ferrenbach 31 FIRST PART. GLOBAL OUTLOOK AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES 35 RENEWABLE ENERGY – INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT Janet Sawin, Rana Adib and Kanika Chawla 37 POWER SUPPLY SCENARIOS FOR THE ECOWAS REGION Dolf Gielen, Asami Miketa and Bruno Merven 49 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY Sofía Martínez 62 ECOWAS RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY (EREP) Hyacinth Elayo, Mahama Kappiah, David Vilar and Martin Lugmayr 76 INTEGRATING GENDER INTO RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES Rose Mensah-Kutin 105 REGULATORY POLICY AND FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SENEGAL Ismaïla Lo 117 RENEWABLE ENERGY’S ROLE IN RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CONCESSIONS IN SENEGAL Cheikh Wade 129 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 6 26/7/13 13:42:40 RENEWABLE ENERGY: EXPERIENCES, DEVELOPMENT AND TRENDS IN MAURITANIA A. K. Mahmoud, A. Mohamed Yahya and A. Maouloud 141 SPANISH COOPERATION SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WEST AFRICA Maite Martín Crespo and Sergio Colina Martín 152 SECOND PART. POTENTIAL AND TECHNOLOGIES OF RENEWABLE ENEGIES IN WEST AFRICA 159 SOLAR PV AND CSP OVERVIEW AND TRENDS José Herrero and Félix M. Téllez 161 SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING - OVERVIEW AND TRENDS Werner Weiss 174 MICROGRIDS WITH RE Daniel Henríquez-Álamo 184 BIOENERGY POTENTIALS IN WEST AFRICA Bah F. M. Saho 196 SMALL-SCALE HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL AND PERSPECTIVES IN WEST AFRICA Mahama Kappiah and Martin Lugmayr 201 THE ECOWAS SMALL-SCALE HYDROPOWER PROGRAM (2013 TO 2018) Mahama Kappiah and Martin Lugmayr 223 SANTO ANTÃO WIND PROJECT - FIRST IPP IN CAPE VERDE Daniel Graça 229 THE CABEÓLICA PROJECT Ana Monteiro 238 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 7 26/7/13 13:42:40 SAINT-LOUIS REGION WIND FARM: FROM A PROJECT TO REALITY? Mouhamadou Lamine Ndiaye 248 MICROGRID IN SENEGAL THROUGH PV AND MACSEN-PV PROJECT Mónica Alonso López 262 THIRD PART. FINANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKETS AND BUSINESS 275 RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Simon Rolland 277 RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCING IN WEST AFRICA AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES Punjanit Leagnavar 289 FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AFRICA African Development Bank 297 INCLUSIVE BUSINESS MODELS: AN OPPORTUNITY TO ACCELERATE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL IN WEST AFRICA? Willem Adrianus Bron 314 ECREEE INVESTMENT PROMOTION INITIATIVES (EREF, EREI) David Vilar, Martin Lugmayr, Aminata Fall and Mahama Kappiah 326 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 8 26/7/13 13:42:40 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), the Canary Islands Institute of Technology (ITC) and Casa África would like to thank individuals and institutions for their immense contribution in preparing these articles. This publication was made possible through their selfless work. We would also like to thank the Spanish Agency for Interna­ tional Development Cooperation (AECID), the RENOW project (MAC/3/C182), through the 2007­2013 Madeira­Azores­Canaries Transnational Cooperation Programme (PCT­MAC), and the Eu ­ ropean Regional Development Fund (FEDER), for their financial support and for agreeing to support this initiative. 9 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 9 26/7/13 13:42:41 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 10 26/7/13 13:42:41 FOREWORDS AND INTRODUCTION (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 11 26/7/13 13:42:41 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 12 26/7/13 13:42:41 FOREWORDS INTRODUCTION FROM THE ECOWAS CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (ECREEE) MAHAMA KAPPIAH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, ECREEE As we journey together towards a cleaner and sustainable energy future, I am delighted to present this joint publication ­ “Renewable Energy in ECOWAS: Status, Experiences and Trends” ­ which provides an overview of the current situation and trends in the renewable energy sector in West Africa. The book aims to also con­ tribute to the United Nations’ Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) Initiative. The ECOWAS region is endowed with significant renewable energy resources, and as renewable energy technologies are appro­ aching grid parity in certain circumstances, the ECOWAS region stands today at the threshold of a new regional power supply based on renewable energy options. With the establishment of ECREEE, the ECOWAS Member States have demonstrated their resolve to improve access to modern, reliable and affordable energy services, energy security and reduction of energy related GHG emissions and climate change impacts on their energy systems. ECREEE therefo­ re represents a carefully thought through and necessary regional response to international declarations, global climate change ini­ tiatives and to the specific needs of ECOWAS Member States as expressed in national and regional policies. Since its establishment in July 2010, ECREEE has attained international recognition as a unique regional renewable energy 13 (FFF) tripas ingles_CS3 reorg.indd 13 26/7/13 13:42:41 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WEST AFRICA and energy efficiency (RE&EE) promotion agency in Sub Saharan Africa. The Centre continues to serve as a catalyst for increasing energy access and the creation of favourable framework conditions for renewable energy and energy efficiency markets by supporting activities directed to mitigate existing barriers. These activities cover a range of areas: policy development, capacity building,
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