Practical Models for Large-Scale CO2 Injection, Migration and Trapping Sarah Gasda Uni Research CIPR, Bergen, Norway
[email protected] +47 555 83394 EU Emissions Objectives • 2030 Framework for climate and energy policies calls for emissions reduction under 1990 levels of 40% by 2030 and 80% by 2050. • By 2050, 80 Gt CO2 should be kept out of atmosphere by a combination of renewables, conservation and CCS. • IEA 2013 road map assumes that Europe should be able to capture and store 12.2 Gt of CO2 by 2050, at a rate of ~400 Mt of CO2/yr. EU Commission, 2014 North Sea Storage Evaluation • North Sea is the likely target for Europe’s emissions • 45 Gt capacity estimated in Norwegian sector. • Additional 5.6 Gt capacity in the Norwegian and Barents Sea. • Most capacity is in the Utsira/Skade and Bryne/Sandnes formations. Reaching Storage Potential • Reaching target capacity is largely determined by trapping mechanisms and mechanical integrity. • How much can we realistically inject? • How efficient is trapping? • How sensitive are estimates to parameter uncertainty? IPCC 2005 • What data do we need and Focus is on process which models are better suited? understanding, • What factors can help increase modeling, and robust and reliable simulation storage potential? 20 Mt injected over 20 yrs into a homogeneoust=25000 dipping aquifert=35000 t=100000 t=200000 0 0 0 0 0 yr mobile 8000 8000 mobile 8000 8000 0 16000 0 16000 0 16000 0 16000 t=25000 t=35000 t=99500 t=200000 600 yr 0 0 0 0 2500 yr 8000 8000 8000 8000 0 16000 0 16000 0 16000 0 16000 6250 yr 12,500 yr Residual 22,000 yr and Residual dissolved mobile mobile Weak Residually Strong convective- trapped convective- dissolution Residually Solubility dissolution trapped trapped Gasda et al., WRR, 2011.