Pierre Hadot
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Therapeutic Arguments, Spiritual Exercises, Or the Care of the Self: Martha Nussbaum, Pierre Hadot and Michel Foucault on Ancient Philosophy
Therapeutic Arguments, Spiritual Exercises, or the Care of the Self: Martha Nussbaum, Pierre Hadot and Michel Foucault on Ancient Philosophy Konrad Banicki Jagiellonian University, Poland ABSTRACT. The practical aspect of ancient philosophy has been recently made a focus of renewed metaphilosophical investigation. After a brief presentation of three accounts of this kind developed by Martha Nussbaum, Pierre Hadot, and Michel Foucault, the model of the therapeutic argument developed by Nussbaum is called into question from the perspectives offered by her French colleagues, who emphasize spiritual exercise (Hadot) or the care of the self (Foucault). The ways in which the account of Nussbaum can be defended are then discussed, including both a ‘negative’ defense, i.e. the indication of the weaknesses of Hadot and Foucault’s proposals, and a ‘positive’ one focused on the points in which Nussbaum can convincingly address doubts about her metaphilosophical account. In response to these analyses, some further remarks made by Hadot and Foucault are discussed in order to demonstrate that their accounts are not as distant from Nussbaum after all. Finally, a recent metaphilosophical study by John Sellars together with a therapeutic (medical) model developed by the author of the present article are suggested as providing a framework for potential reconciliation between all three accounts discussed and a resource for further metaphilosophical studies. KEYWORDS. Nussbaum, Hadot, Foucault, philosophy as therapy, spiritual exercises, care of the self I. INTRODUCTION ecently renewed interest in ancient philosophy has certainly offered R a unique opportunity for contemporary philosophical studies. It has contributed to current debates not only with new, or at least long forgotten theses, but also with substantially different theoretical perspectives and conceptual frameworks. -
Between Medicine and Rhetoric: Therapeutic Arguments in Roman Stoicism
e‑ISSN 2084–1043 p-ISSN 2083–6635 Vol. 9 (1/2019) pp. 11–24 Published online: 30.11.2019 www.argument-journal.eu Between medicine and rhetoric: therapeutic arguments in Roman Stoicism Krzysztof ŁAPIŃSKI* ABSTRACT In this paper, I intend to focus on some rhetorical strategies of argumentation which play crucial role in the therapeutic discourse of Roman Stoicism, namely in Musonius Rufus, Ep- ictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. Reference is made to Chaim Perelman’s view of ancient rhetoric as an art of inventing arguments. Moreover, it is pointed out that in rhetorical educa- tion (cf. Cicero, Ad Herennium, Quintilian, etc.) as well as in therapeutic discourse the concept of “exercise” and constant practice play a crucial role. KEYWORDS Stoicism; Musonius Rufus; Epictetus; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius; Chaim Perelman; consola- tion; spiritual exercise * PhD, assistant professor, Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw. E-mail: [email protected]. This research paper was supported by an NCN Miniatura 2 grant to carry out research at the University of Cambridge, UK (reg. no. 2018/02/X/HS1/01200). DOI: 10.24917/20841043.01 12 Krzysztof ŁAPIŃSKI Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy was focused not only on inquiring into the nature of the world, but also on transforming human minds. In order to describe that tendency more adequately, various scholars have labelled it as, for example, spiritual exercises (Pierre Hadot), the art of living (Michel Foucault), the therapy of desire (Martha Nussbaum), or spiritual guidance (Paul Rab- bow and Ilsetraut Hadot). The therapeutic paradigm becomes predominant in Hellenistic and Roman times. -
Seneca-Letters.Pdf
CLARENDON LATER ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS Series editors: Jonathan Barnes, Universite´ de Paris IV—Sorbonne and A. A. Long, University of California, Berkeley SENECA SELECTED PHILOSOPHICAL LETTERS Seneca’s Letters to Lucilius are a rich source of information about ancient Stoicism, an influential work for early modern philosophers, and a fascinating philosophical document in their own right. This selection of the letters aims to include those which are of greatest philosophical interest, especially those which highlight the debates between Stoics and Platonists or Aristotelians in the first century AD, and the issue, still important today, of how technical philosophical enquiry is related to the various purposes for which philosophy is practised. In addition to examining the philosophical content of each letter, Brad Inwood’s commentary discusses the literary and historical background of the letters and to their relationship with other prose works by Seneca. Seneca is the earliest Stoic author for whom we have access to a large number of complete works, and these works were highly influential in later centuries. He was also a politically influential advisor to the Roman emperor Nero and a celebrated author of prose and verse. His philosophical acuity and independence of mind make his works exciting and challenging for the modern reader. Brad Inwood is Professor of Classics and Philosophy at the University of Toronto. PUBLISHEDINTHESERIES Alcinous: The Handbook of Platonism John Dillon Epictetus: Discourses, Book Robert Dobbin Galen: On the Therapeutic Method, Books I and II R. J. Hankinson Porphyry: Introduction Jonathan Barnes Seneca: Selected Philosophical Letters Brad Inwood Sextus Empiricus: Against the Ethicists Richard Bett Sextus Empiricus: Against the Grammarians David Blank SENECA SELECTED PHILOSOPHICAL LETTERS Translated with an Introduction and Commentary by BRAD INWOOD 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. -
Pierre Hadot: Stoicism As a Way of Life
Pierre Hadot: Stoicism as a Way of Life Citation: Sharpe, Matthew 2020, Pierre Hadot: Stoicism as a Way of Life. In Lampe, Kurt and Sholtz, Janae (ed), French and Italian Stoicisms: From Sartre to Agamben, Bloomsbury Academic, London, Eng., pp.260-280. Published in its final form at https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/french-and-italian-stoicisms- 9781350082038/ This is the accepted manuscript. ©2020, Bloomsbury Publishing Reprinted with permission. Downloaded from DRO: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30136430 DRO Deakin Research Online, Deakin University’s Research Repository Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B French and Italian Stoicisms Pierre Hadot Chapter 13 Pierre Hadot Stoicism as a Way of Life Matthew Sharpe In a series of articles and books beginning in 1972, the philologist and philosopher Pierre Hadot developed a reading of Stoicism as a philosophical way of life that has had widespread influence. Hadot’s conception of Stoicism is given its most extended expression in his magisterial 1992 study of Marcus Aurelius, La Citadelle intérieure: Introduction aux Pensées de Marc Aurèle, together with a later work, co-authored with Ilsetraut Hadot (2004), on Epictetus’ Handbook and the Neoplatonist Simplicius’ commentary on this text. Since the translation of La Citadelle intérieure (1998, henceforth cited parenthetically as IC), alongside Hadot’s cognate studies on ancient philosophy more widely in Philosophy as a Way of Life (1996c) and What is Ancient Philosophy? (2000), Hadot’s conception of Stoicism has been taken up by a range of global, internet-based “Stoic” communities, committed to proselytizing and practicing Stoicism as a manner of life. -
Therapeutic Arguments in Roman Stoicism
e‑ISSN 2084–1043 p-ISSN 2083–6635 Vol. 9 (1/2019) pp. 11–24 Published online: 30.11.2019 www.argument-journal.eu Between medicine and rhetoric: therapeutic arguments in Roman Stoicism Krzysztof ŁAPIŃSKI* ABSTRACT In this paper, I intend to focus on some rhetorical strategies of argumentation which play crucial role in the therapeutic discourse of Roman Stoicism, namely in Musonius Rufus, Ep- ictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. Reference is made to Chaim Perelman’s view of ancient rhetoric as an art of inventing arguments. Moreover, it is pointed out that in rhetorical educa- tion (cf. Cicero, Ad Herennium, Quintilian, etc.) as well as in therapeutic discourse the concept of “exercise” and constant practice play a crucial role. KEYWORDS Stoicism; Musonius Rufus; Epictetus; Seneca; Marcus Aurelius; Chaim Perelman; consola- tion; spiritual exercise * PhD, assistant professor, Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw. E-mail: [email protected]. This research paper was supported by an NCN Miniatura 2 grant to carry out research at the University of Cambridge, UK (reg. no. 2018/02/X/HS1/01200). DOI: 10.24917/20841043.9.1.1 12 Krzysztof ŁAPIŃSKI Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy was focused not only on inquiring into the nature of the world, but also on transforming human minds. In order to describe that tendency more adequately, various scholars have labelled it as, for example, spiritual exercises (Pierre Hadot), the art of living (Michel Foucault), the therapy of desire (Martha Nussbaum), or spiritual guidance (Paul Rab- bow and Ilsetraut Hadot). The therapeutic paradigm becomes predominant in Hellenistic and Roman times. -
Michael Chase
JWST310-c01 JWST310-Chase Printer: Yet to Come May 30, 2013 12:56 Trim: 6in × 9in 1 Introduction Michael Chase The Life of Pierre Hadot Pierre Hadot, Professor Emeritus of Hellenistic and Roman Thought at the College` de France and Director of Studies at the Fifth Section of the Ecole´ Pratique des Hautes Etudes,´ died on the night of April 24–25, 2010, at the age of 88. Born in Paris in 1922, Hadot was raised at Reims, where he received a strict Catholic education, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1944. But he soon became disenchanted with the Church, particularly after the conservative encyclical Humani Generis of August 12, 1950, and he left it in 1952 (Eros also played a role in this decision: Hadot married his first wife in 1953). Now employed as a researcher at the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), Hadot was free to devote himself to scholarship. He began with Latin Patristics, editing Ambrose of Milan and Marius Vic- torinus. This was the period, from the late 1950s to the 1960s, when, under the guidance of such experts as the Jesuit Paul Henry, he learned the strict disciplineCOPYRIGHTED of philology, or the critical MATERIAL study and editing of an- cient manuscripts, an approach that was to continue to exert a formative Philosophy as a Way of Life: Ancients and Moderns – Essays in Honor of Pierre Hadot, First Edition. Edited by Michael Chase, Stephen R. L. Clark, and Michael McGhee. C 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JWST310-c01 JWST310-Chase Printer: Yet to Come May 30, 2013 12:56 Trim: 6in × 9in 2 Michael Chase influence on his thought for the rest of his life. -
To Not Forget: Pierre Hadot's Last Book on Goethe. Pierre
PARRHESIA NUMBER 22 • 2015 • 106-117 MATTHEW SHARPE Yet Hadot’s last book, completed in 2008 and so just two years before his passing, was not on the ancient or Hellenistic philosophers he so loved. The work takes as its subject the modern poet, novelist, scientist, states- man and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Dedicated to his grandson and “haunted” by reflection on his own imminent mortality6, Hadot’s 2008 study N’Oublie pas de vivre: Goethe et la tradition des exercise spirituels is a deeply sympathetic and beautiful book. Written in Hadot’s characteristically limpid prose, it represents both a novel intervention in scholarship on Goethe, and a revealing insight into Hadot’s distinct TO NOT FORGET: PIERRE HADOT’S LAST BOOK ON GOETHE. metaphilosophy and weltanschauung. The book’s long third chapter on Goethe’s enigmatic “Orphic” poem PIERRE HADOT, N’OUBLIE PAS DE VIVRE: GOETHE ET LA Urworte underscores what the gentle sufficiency of Hadot’s prose can make his readers pass over7: the way that his untimely classical style, far from reflecting any shallowness of reflection, was underwritten by the author’s TRADITION DES EXERCISES SPIRITUELS extraordinary erudition, spanning across ancient philosophy, literature, and the West’s mystical, hermetic and (ALBIN MICHEL, 2008) esoteric traditions. (169-181, 215-220) N’Oublie pas de vivre: Goethe et la tradition des exercises spirituels, which has remained untranslated, has Matthew Sharpe hitherto attracted little scholarly recognition or critical notice, even in its native French. It is this situation that this review essay hopes to redress, in the small way permitted to any such piece of writing. -
Philosophy As a Way of Life Ancients and Moderns Essays in Honor of Pierre Hadot
Edited by Michael Chase, Stephen R. L. Clark, and Michael McGhee Philosophy as a Way of Life Ancients and Moderns Essays in Honor of Pierre Hadot Philosophy as a Way of Life Philosophy as a Way of Life Ancients and Moderns Essays in Honor of Pierre Hadot Edited by Michael Chase Stephen R. L. Clark Michael McGhee This edition first published 2013 C 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Michael Chase, Stephen R.L.Clark, and Michael McGhee to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.