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A Harmon Et Al. – Supporting Information Webtable 1. Partial List of Parasites Identified in Archaeological and Paleontologica

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A Harmon Et Al. – Supporting Information Webtable 1. Partial List of Parasites Identified in Archaeological and Paleontologica Title Parasites lost: using natural history collections to track disease change across deep time Authors Harmon, A; Littlewood, DTJ; Wood, CL Date Submitted 2019-07-10 A Harmon et al. – Supporting Information WebTable 1. Partial list of parasites identified in archaeological and paleontological animal coprolites Parasite Host Time period Technique used to identify parasite Source Eggs: Cestoda Shark ~270 million years BP Thin sectioning, optic microscopy Dentzien-Dias et al. (2013) Possible developing larva: Cestoda Cysts: Entamoebites antiquus Dinosaurian, possibly Early Cretaceous Carbonate removal; rehydration; Poinar and Boucot Megalosaurus dunkeri centrifugation; removal of silicates, clay, (2006) Eggs: Digenites proterus (Trematoda), and quartz; optical microscopy (Nikon Ascarites priscus, Ascarites gerus (Nematoda) Optiphot) Eggs: Toxocara sp Likely Pachycrocuta 1.2 million years BP Thin sectioning, petrographic microscopy Perri et al. (2017) brevirostris under PPL and XPL Eggs: Macrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Canine 4th–5th century CE Rehydration, light microscopy Mowlavi et al. (2015) Eggs: Anoplocephalid cestode, nematode, Tentative canid 6540 ± 110 years BP Rehydration, spontaneous sedimentation, Fugassa et al. (2013) dioctophymatid light microscopy Eggs: Anoplocephalid, possibly Monoecocestus Lagidium viscacia Holocene and Late Holocene, 14C Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Beltrame et al. (2013) or Andrya dating sedimentation, light microscopy Eggs: Trichurus sp Cervidae, likely Mazama or 1040 ± 50 years BP Rehydration, optical microscopy Sianto et al. (2012) Ozotoceros Eggs: Diphyllobothrium sp (Cestoda), Canis familiaris 700–1476 CE Partial necropsy of mummified remains, Richardson et al. Toxocara canis (Nematoda), Trichuris vulpis rehydration, compound microscopy (2012) (Nematoda), Spirocera lupi (Nematoda) Eggs: Trichurus sp (Nematoda), Heteroxynema Lagidium viscacia 9240 ± 130 years BP to 2540 ± 80 Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Beltrame et al. viscaciae (Nematoda), Helminthoxys sp years BP sedimentation, light microscopy (2016b) (Nematode), unidentified nematode Eggs: Dicrocoelidae Tentative ursid >550,000 years BP Rehydration, filtration, sedimentation, Jouy-Avantin et al. flotation (1999) Egg: nematode of the pinworm family Cynodont Upper Triassic (ca 240 million Sampled from exterior and interior, optical Hugot et al. (2014) Heteroxynematidae, ascarid-like years ago) microscopy Eggs: Digenean, Metastrongylus sp, strongylid- Pudu puda and/or 2370 ± 70 to 990 ± 60 years BP Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Beltrame et al. (2017) type, Nematodirus sp, Trichuris sp, Hippocamelus bisulcus sedimentation, light microscopy (Zeiss Dioctophyma sp Primo Star) Oocysts: coccidian, Eimeria sp, Isopara sp Eggs and larvae: Strongyloides ferreirai Kerodon rupestris 8000–2000 years BP, 14C and Rehydration Araújo et al. (1989) relative dating Eggs: two helminth eggs, one identified as Herbivorous cynodont ~240 million years BP Stereomicroscopy, sampled from exterior Da Silva et al. (2014) Ascarites rufferi and interior, demineralization bright field microscopy Eggs: similar to eggs of tapeworm ring, Dog Beginning of the 1st millennium Rehydration, 20 and 40 magnifying phase- Toker et al. (2005) oxyurid, and ascarid BCE, Early Iron Age contrast microscopy (Nikon) Eggs: Anoplocephalidae (Cestoda), Rodents 212 ± 35 years BP Rehydration, incubation, observed at 40× Sardella and Fugassa Pterygodermatites (Nematoda), Monoecocestus magnification (2009a) sp (Cestoda) Larva: likely Trichosomoides crassicauda Pollen: cryptic root-parasite Dactylanthus Kakapo (Strigops 933–800 years BP, 14C dating Sampling from interior, acetolysis, Wood et al. (2012) taylorii habroptilus) microscopy Eggs: Heteroxynema (Cavioxyura) viscaciae Tentatively Lagidium 13,844 ± 75 to 1416 ± 37 years Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Beltrame et al. (2012) (Nematoda), Viscachataenia quadrata viscacia BP, 14C dating sedimentation, light microscopy (Cestoda), Monoecocestus sp (Cestoda) Egg: Trichuris sp (Nematoda), tentative Tuco-tuco (Ctenomys spp) 7920 ± 130 years BP Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Sardella and Fugassa Paraspidodera uncinata, (Nematoda), sedimentation, light microscopy (2009b) Eucoleus sp (Nematoda) Eggs: Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Capillaria sp, Sheep and carnivore 3200–1800 BCE, Bronze Age Rehydration, light microscopy Makki et al. (2017) taeniid, similar to Anoplocephalidae, similar to Toxocara spp Eggs: Spirometra spp, Toxocara cati, Feline and prey of felines 9150 ± 60 to 410 ± 40 years BP Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Sianto et al. (2014) Spirurida, Onicola sp, oxyurid, Calodium cf settling, optical microscopy hepaticum, Trichuris cf muris, Trichuris sp, other Trichuridae Larvae: Nematode Eggs: Trichuris Kerodon rupestris 30,000–8450 years BP Rehydration, spontaneous sedimentation Ferreira et al. (1991) Eggs: Trichuris sp, Calodium sp, Eucoleus sp, Rodents 6700 ± 70, 4900 ± 70, and 3440 ± Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Sardella et al. (2010) Echinocoleus sp, unidentified capillariid, 70 years BP sedimentation, photographed under Monoecocestus magnification Eggs: Lamanema chavezi or Nematodirus Camelids 9640 ± 190 to 3920 ± 80 years Rehydration, spontaneous sedimentation, Taglioretti et al. lamae, unidentified capillariids, Strongylus- BP, 14C dating microscopy (2015) type Oocysts: Eimeria macusaniensis Eggs: Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus Tamandua tetradactyla or 2955 BCE to 625 CE, 14C dating Rehydration, spontaneous sedimentation Ferreira et al. (1989) Myrmecophaga tridactyla Eggs: similar to Heterakoidea spp, South Island giant moa Holocene, 14C dating Microscopy, aDNA Wood et al. (2013) undetermined Nematoda, likely Trichinellidae (Dinornis robustus), little (cf Capillaria) bush moa (Anomalopteryx didiformis), heavy-footed DNA: Cryptosporidium, Eimeriorina, moa (Pachyornis Heterakoidea, Trichostrongylidae, elephantopus), upland moa Echinostomida (Megalapteryx didinus) Larvae: nematode Hyaenidae Lower and Middle Pleistocene, Disaggregation, spontaneous Ferreira et al. (1993) 1.5 million–30,000 years BP sedimentation Egg: Trichuris, likely Monoecocestus, Feline, coprolite 6540 ± 110 years BP Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Fugassa et al. (2009) Oesophagostomum, Calodium (likely Calodium morphology similar to sedimentation, microscopy hepaticum), Nematodirus Puma concolor Oocyst: likely Eimeria macusaniensis Sinusidal trails: nematodes Vertebrate: possible Lower Triassic Washing, binocular microscopy (MZS 200 Brachaniec et al. durophagous sauropterygian T), thin sectioning (2015) Possible body fossil: nematode reptile, possible Actinopterygian fish Colobodua, possible nothosaurid Egg: Trichuris vulpis, unidentified egg Domestic dogs 1230 ± 40 years BP, l4C dating Rehydration, formalin/acetic preservation, Fugassa et al. (2011) spontaneous sedimentation, microscopy Eggs: Syphacia sp, Trichosomoides Rodent 565 CE, Sassanid Era Rehydration, formaldehyde fungi Mowlavi et al. (2014) crassicauda, Trichuris sp inhibition, light microscopy Eggs: two unidentified helminth species Shasta ground sloth One dung ball dated to 10,500 ± Breaking, rehydration, filtration, wet Schmidt et al. (1992) (Nothrotheriops shastensis) 180 years BP, 14C dating mounting or flotation, microscopy (Zeiss Juveniles: Agamofiliaria oxyura, Strongyloides Universal Photomicroscope with bright- shastensis field and Nomarski-interference objectives) Oocysts: Archeococcidia, Archeococcidia antiquus Eggs: Physaloptera sp, Uncinaria sp, Carnivora, similar in 1980 ± 80 to 1740 ± 60 years Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Beltrame et al. Prostenorchis sp, Paragonimus sp, morphology, diet, and BP, 14C dating sedimentation, light microscopy (2016a) Ancylostoma (probably Ancylostoma conepati), measurements to hog-nosed Eucoleus (probably Eucoleus aerophilus), skunk (Conepatus shinga) Trichostrongylus (probably Trichostrongylus and Lycalopex griseus colubriformis), Ascarididae, Monoecocestus sp Eggs: Heteroxynema sp, Trichuris sp Caviomorpha, species 10,620 ± 40 to 9390 ± 40 years Rehydration, homogenization, spontaneous Sardella and Fugassa unknown BP sedimentation, light microscopy (2011) Notes: BP = before present; CE = common era; BCE = before common era. WebReferences Araújo A, Ferreira LF, Confalonieri U, et al. 1989. Strongyloides ferreirai Rodrigues, Vicente & Gomes, 1985 (Nematoda, Rhabdiasoidea) in rodent coprolites (8000–2000 years bp), from archaeological sites from Piaui, Brazil. Mem I Oswaldo Cruz 84: 493–96. Beltrame MO, Bellusci A, Fernández FJ, et al. 2016a. Carnivores as zoonotic parasite reservoirs in ancient times: the case of the Epullán Chica archaeological cave (Late Holocene, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina). Archaeol Anthrop Sci 10: 795–804. Beltrame MO, De Porras ME, Barberena R, et al. 2016b. First study of fossil rodent middens as source of paleoparasitological evidences (northwestern Patagonia, Argentina). Parasitol Int 65: 352–56. Beltrame MO, Fugassa MH, Barberena R, et al. 2013. New record of anoplocephalid eggs (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) collected from rodent coprolites from archaeological and paleontological sites of Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitol Int 62: 431–34. Beltrame MO, Sardella NH, Fugassa MH, et al. 2012. A palaeoparasitological analysis of rodent coprolites from the Cueva Huenul 1 archaeological site in Patagonia (Argentina). Mem I Oswaldo Cruz 107: 604–08. Beltrame M, Tietze E, Pérez A, et al. 2017. Ancient parasites from endemic deer from “Cueva Parque
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