Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} 1973 by Ricardo Fuentealba R Mr R.S. (Ricardo) Fuentealba Fuentes MSc. Ricardo Fuentealba is a PhD Candidate at the Governance and Inclusive Development (GID) Programme Group of the AISSR. His PhD research is centred on understanding how post-disaster recovery and reconstruction processes are changing urban contexts in relation to future risks. He uses a governance and ethnographic perspective to understand how spatial initiatives for risk reduction and adaptation consider historical uneven processes, and in turn, how these initiatives influence urban development. He holds a Master of Science in Human Geography: Society and Space, from the University of Bristol (UK), and a Bachelor in Sociology from the Universidad Central (Santiago, Chile). He has experience in the Chilean Public Sector and in Latin American NGOs, where he worked on issues related to regional and local development, urban-rural linkages, environmental movements, and indigenous development policy. Fuentealba 1973. Ricardo Fuentealba Rivera; Ricardo Fuentealba Rivera; El libro Fuentealba 1973 ha sido registrado con el ISBN 978-956-16-0763-7 en la Agencia Chilena ISBN . Este libro ha sido publicado por Pehuén Editores en el año 2017 en la ciudad de Santiago, en Chile. Además de este registro, existen otros 581 libros publicados por la misma editorial. Se destacan: El jinete del caballo blanco escrito por Theodo Storm El fútbol a sol y sombra escrito por Eduardo Galeano Los tigres de la Malasia escrito por Emilio Salgari con participación de Camilo Garmendia Por una nueva política del lenguaje escrito por Elisa del Carmen Loncon Antileo y Francesco Chiodi y La isla de las voces escrito por Robert Louis Stevenson . Dhr. R.S. (Ricardo) Fuentealba Fuentes MSc. Ricardo Fuentealba is a PhD Candidate at the Governance and Inclusive Development (GID) Programme Group of the AISSR. His PhD research is centred on understanding how post-disaster recovery and reconstruction processes are changing urban contexts in relation to future risks. He uses a governance and ethnographic perspective to understand how spatial initiatives for risk reduction and adaptation consider historical uneven processes, and in turn, how these initiatives influence urban development. He holds a Master of Science in Human Geography: Society and Space, from the University of Bristol (UK), and a Bachelor in Sociology from the Universidad Central (Santiago, Chile). He has experience in the Chilean Public Sector and in Latin American NGOs, where he worked on issues related to regional and local development, urban-rural linkages, environmental movements, and indigenous development policy. When to stop septic shock resuscitation: clues from a dynamic perfusion monitoring. Background: The decision of when to stop septic shock resuscitation is a critical but yet a relatively unexplored aspect of care. This is especially relevant since the risks of over-resuscitation with fluid overload or inotropes have been highlighted in recent years. A recent guideline has proposed normalization of central venous oxygen saturation and/or lactate as therapeutic end-points, assuming that these variables are equivalent or interchangeable. However, since the physiological determinants of both are totally different, it is legitimate to challenge the rationale of this proposal. We designed this study to gain more insights into the most appropriate resuscitation goal from a dynamic point of view. Our objective was to compare the normalization rates of these and other potential perfusion-related targets in a cohort of septic shock survivors. Methods: We designed a prospective, observational clinical study. One hundred and four septic shock patients with hyperlactatemia were included and followed until hospital discharge. The 84 hospital-survivors were kept for final analysis. A multimodal perfusion assessment was performed at baseline, 2, 6, and 24 h of ICU treatment. Results: Some variables such as central venous oxygen saturation, central venous-arterial pCO2 gradient, and capillary refill time were already normal in more than 70% of survivors at 6 h. Lactate presented a much slower normalization rate decreasing significantly at 6 h compared to that of baseline (4.0 [3.0 to 4.9] vs. 2.7 [2.2 to 3.9] mmol/L; p < 0.01) but with only 52% of patients achieving normality at 24 h. Sublingual microcirculatory variables exhibited the slowest recovery rate with persistent derangements still present in almost 80% of patients at 24 h. Conclusions: Perfusion-related variables exhibit very different normalization rates in septic shock survivors, most of them exhibiting a biphasic response with an initial rapid improvement, followed by a much slower trend thereafter. This fact should be taken into account to determine the most appropriate criteria to stop resuscitation opportunely and avoid the risk of over-resuscitation. Keywords: Lactate; Microcirculation; Perfusion; Resuscitation; Septic shock. Gerald Ford. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Gerald Ford , in full Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. , original name Leslie Lynch King, Jr. , (born July 14, 1913, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.—died December 26, 2006, Rancho Mirage, California), 38th president of the United States (1974–77), who, as 40th vice president, had succeeded to the presidency on the resignation of President Richard Nixon, under the process decreed by the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution, and thereby became the country’s only chief executive who had not been elected either president or vice president. Where was Gerald Ford educated? Gerald Ford graduated from the University of Michigan (1935), where he was a star gridiron-football player. He later earned a law degree from Yale University (1941). What did Gerald Ford accomplish? After becoming U.S. president, Gerald Ford announced a conditional amnesty program for those who had evaded the draft or deserted during the Vietnam War. Controversially, he pardoned former president Richard Nixon on September 8, 1974. What were Gerald Ford’s jobs? Gerald Ford joined the U.S. Navy during World War II and served in the South Pacific, attaining the rank of lieutenant commander. In 1948 he won his first elective office, as Republican congressman from Michigan, and held that position until Richard Nixon named him vice president in 1973. Ford became U.S. president on August 9, 1974. Early life. While Gerald Ford was still an infant, his parents were divorced, and his mother moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she married Gerald R. Ford, Sr., who adopted the boy and gave him his name. After graduating from the University of Michigan (1935), where he was a star gridiron- football player, Ford worked as an assistant coach while he earned a law degree from Yale University (1941). He joined the navy during World War II and served in the South Pacific, attaining the rank of lieutenant commander and nearly losing his life in 1944 during a deadly typhoon that killed hundreds. In 1948, the year he won his first elective office, as Republican congressman from Michigan, he married Elizabeth Anne Bloomer ( Betty Ford), with whom he had four children—three sons (Michael, John, and Steven) and one daughter (Susan). From congressman to vice president and president. Ford served in Congress for 25 years. Well-liked and ideologically flexible, he won the role of House minority leader in 1965 and held this position until Nixon named him vice president in 1973. During his time in Congress, he had developed a reputation for honesty and openness. When Nixon’s vice president, Spiro T. Agnew, was forced to resign from office in disgrace, the president had no choice but to nominate the only Republican whom the Democratic leadership of Congress would approve, the affable Jerry Ford. In 1974, when it became clear that Nixon would face criminal charges for his role in the Watergate scandal and three articles of impeachment had been passed by the House Judiciary Committee, Nixon resigned, effective August 9. On that day, Ford took the oath of office and became president, stating, “Our long national nightmare is over.” He retained the foreign and domestic policy staffs of the Nixon administration, including Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. ( See primary source document: First Address to Congress and the Nation. See also Cabinet of President Gerald Ford.) Cabinet of President Gerald R. Ford August 9, 1974–January 20, 1977 State Henry A. Kissinger Treasury William Edward Simon Defense James Rodney Schlesinger Donald Henry Rumsfeld (from November 20, 1975) Attorney General William Bart Saxbe Edward Hirsch Levi (from February 7, 1975) Interior Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, Jr. Stanley Knapp Hathaway (from June 13, 1975) Thomas Savig Kleppe (from October 17, 1975) Agriculture Earl Lauer Butz John Albert Knebel (from November 4, 1976) Commerce Frederick Baily Dent Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, Jr. (from May 1, 1975) Elliot Lee Richardson (from February 2, 1976) Labor Peter Joseph Brennan John Thomas Dunlop (from March 18, 1975) Willie Julian Usery, Jr. (from February 10, 1976) Health, Education, and Welfare Caspar Willard Weinberger Forrest David Matthews (from August 8, 1975) Housing and Urban Development James Thomas Lynn Carla Anderson Hills (from March 10, 1975) Transportation Claude Stout Brinegar William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr. (from March 7, 1975) One of Ford’s early acts as president was the announcement of a conditional amnesty program for those who had evaded the draft or deserted during the Vietnam War. The most attention-getting act of his years in office, and the move that for many destroyed his credibility, followed in the next month. On September 8, 1974, declaring that in the end “it is not the ultimate fate of Richard Nixon that most concerns me” but rather “the immediate future of this great country,” Ford pardoned Nixon “for all offenses against the United States” that he had committed “or may have committed” while in office. The pardon, later alleged to have been the result of blackmail (that if Ford did not pardon him, Nixon would blacken the new president’s reputation by publicly claiming that Ford had promised a pardon in exchange for the presidency), effectively squelched any criminal prosecutions to which Nixon might have been liable. Afterward Ford voluntarily appeared before a subcommittee of the House of Representatives on October 17 to explain his reasoning—the first time a standing president had formally testified before a committee of Congress. In another startling move, Ford annoyed members of his own party by naming Nelson A. Rockefeller, both a party liberal and a representative of the so-called “Eastern establishment,” as his vice president. Ford’s administration attempted to cope with the high rate of inflation, which he inherited from the Nixon administration, by slowing down the economy. The result was a very severe recession in 1974–75, which succeeded in lowering inflation but at the cost of an unemployment rate that rose to nearly 9 percent. Despite his WIN (Whip Inflation Now) program, he could do little to stop the country’s economic problems. Ford’s relations with the Democrat-controlled Congress were perhaps typified by his more than 50 vetoes of legislation by the end of 1976; more than 40 were sustained. Legislative gridlock set in. During the final days of the Vietnam War, in March 1975, Ford ordered an airlift of some 237,000 anticommunist Vietnamese refugees from Da Nang, most of whom were taken to the United States. Two months later, after the seizure by Cambodia of the American cargo ship Mayaguez , Ford declared the event an “act of piracy” and sent the Marines to seize the ship. They succeeded, but the rescue operation to save the 39- member crew resulted in the loss of 41 American lives and the wounding of 50 others. Moreover, U.S. relations with Thailand became strained because the U.S. strike had been launched from a base in Thailand against the wishes of the Thai government. Twice in September 1975, Ford was the target of assassination attempts. In the first instance, Secret Service agents intervened before shots were fired; in the second, the would-be assassin fired one shot at Ford but missed by several feet. In October he initially refused to consider loans to the city of New York, then on the brink of fiscal collapse, and thereby prompted the newspaper headline “Ford to City: Drop Dead.” As the larger implications became clear, he retreated from his earlier position. In a close contest at the Republican convention in August 1976, Ford won his party’s nomination, despite a serious challenge by Ronald Reagan, the former governor of California. That fall Ford became the first incumbent president to agree to public debates with a challenger— Jimmy Carter, the Democratic nominee. Ford ran substantially behind from the beginning of the campaign, owing in large part to negative fallout from the Nixon pardon but also to the general public’s perception of his ineptitude. His decisions in office had often seemed to be those of Kissinger and the others left over from the Nixon administration; sometimes, as those made during the Mayaguez incident, they seemed simply ill-considered. He misspoke on many occasions, notably declaring in a debate with Jimmy Carter, “There is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe” and “I don’t believe that the Poles consider themselves dominated by the Soviet Union,” which journalist William F. Buckley, Jr., called “the ultimate Polish joke.” Even his physical pratfalls, such as hitting his head while deplaning, were well documented for the public. As journalist John Osborne summarized the situation, Ford was seen as.