Literacy and the Social Worlds of Writing in the Scottish Atlantic: 1750-1800
Literacy and the Social Worlds of Writing in the Scottish Atlantic: 1750-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Shawn Casey Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Harvey J. Graff, Advisor David A. Brewer Kay Halasek Beverly J. Moss Copyright by Shawn Casey 2012 Abstract This project tracks the rhetorical status of writing as attitudes toward literacy changed in the second-half of the eighteenth century. During this period, vernacular literacy in English became a defining element for many different social groups across the Atlantic world. Two key assumptions guide the research. First, that literacy becomes rhetorical, acquires persuasive meaning, only in the context of a larger discourse on reading and writing. And second, that individual actors and agents generate, promote, and distribute multiple, and sometimes conflicting, rhetorics of literacy as a means of accessing the standards, expectations, and norms of that broader literacy discourse. To elucidate these points, this project identifies three distinct, but connected locations in the Atlantic network: Edinburgh, Philadelphia, and London. Each chapter explores the processes, institutions, and individual writers associated with the rhetoric of literacy at each location. Significantly, each chapter foregrounds the tendency of literacy rhetoric to become associated with a public figure. So, Chapter Two describes the career of Lord Kames, Henry Home; Chapter Three considers Benjamin Franklin’s close association with the social, educational, and print-based institutions of literacy in Philadelphia; and Chapter Four explores the ideal of the authority of both London and the book trade over English literacy in the lexicographical writings of Samuel Johnson.
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