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Braindrain2 for Upload ID ARTICLE TITLEDATE STAGE PERSON ORGANIZATION MEP COUNTRY CATEGORY TEXT Participation in international education and training on the one hand, and the demand from companies for qualified staff with international experience on the other, have stimulated interest in working abroad amongst young scientists. The USA is the principal destination of European emigrants, and most of them have executive and management posts. It should also be stressed that approximately 50 % of all Europeans who complete a degree in the USA remain in that country for a longer period, and even for good, with European Ph.Ds staying there much longer on average 2 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Joaquin Sisó Cruellas (EPP) EPP Y Spain Problem - Third country emigration than their Korean or Japanese counterparts It would appear that the presence of centres of excellency in the USA is a major attraction, alongside open, flexible career structures, a strong entrepreneurial culture and high standards of 35 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Joaquin Sisó Cruellas (EPP) EPP Y Spain Problem - Working conditions living and quality of life. Once abroad, European scientists often find it difficult to come back. There has been a suggestion that centres of excellence in research and engineering should be set up throughout Europe, as part of what would be joint undertakings involving the public and private sector, to absorb scientists 1 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Joaquin Sisó Cruellas (EPP) EPP Y Spain Solution - R&D coming back to Europe and encourage others to return. What is the Commission's view of this? The Commission is concerned with the trends shown in this review and, for its part, by means of the Community research and technological development (RTD) framework programmes, offers opportunities to young scientists to exercise mobility within the Community (e.g. Marie Curie 36 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Increase mobility fellowships programme, collaborative research projects). The success of this scholarship scheme proves that in principle the research infrastructure within the Community is adequate and sufficiently attractive to enhance the research training of young 3 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Refutation scientists In line with the subsidiarity principle, action should also be taken at the level of the Member States and this, particularly, in those Member States where nationals are more prone to stay in the United 4 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Member States States after their training As is also indicated in the IPTS report, the European private sector should play a bigger role in 5 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Private sector recuperating the emigrated talent The Commission will continue its efforts to stimulate the process by funding, through the framework programmes, joint research ventures linking academia and industry in partnerships of excellence. In this context a Marie Curie industry host fellowship scheme has been introduced into the 5th RTD framework programme in order to stimulate the training of young scientists in an 37 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - R&D industrial and commercial environment. With regard to the brain drain within the Community from the less favoured regions, the Marie Curie fellowship scheme assists researchers to return to their home region by funding their research 7 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Circular migration for a supplementary year after their return The Commission also encourages the cohesion Member States to invest in research infrastructure 6 E-0148/99 1999-02-11 1 Édith Cresson DG Research N France Solution - Member States and to use the structural funds to that effect 2. Is the Commission also aware, given that 120 deliveries per obstetric assistant per year is the absolute maximum and that there is at present a great shortage of obstetric assistants, that, at present rates of childbirth, the Netherlands would require the services of 240 new qualified 12 E-1986/01 2001-09-11 1 Erik Meijer (GUE/NGL) GUE/NGL Y Netherlands Problem - Shortages obstetric assistants annually to ensure safety in childbirth at home 3. How does the Commission assess the fact that training establishments in the Netherlands have long since had to reject two thirds of registered applicants for courses in this specialisation as a consequence of cuts in training facilities and inaccurate population forecasts, with the result that 38 E-1986/01 2001-09-11 1 Erik Meijer (GUE/NGL) GUE/NGL Y Netherlands Problem - Skills and training present training numbers have fallen far behind actual demand? 3. The Commission underlines that, according to Articles 149 and 150 (ex Article 126 and 127) of the EC Treaty, the Community has to fully respect the responsibility and competence of the 8 E-1986/01 2001-09-11 1 Viviane Reding DG EAC N Luxembourg Solution - Member States Member States for the organisation of educational and vocational training. 4. and 5. The Commission fully supports the cross-border mobility and training of students and 9 E-1986/01 2001-09-11 1 Viviane Reding DG EAC N Luxembourg Solution - Increase mobility trainees under Articles 149 and 150 of the EC Treaty. Furthermore, training conditions for midwives are subject to co-ordination within the Community (Directives 80/154/CEE and 80/155/CEE(1)). Consequently, there is automatic recognition of 11 E-1986/01 2001-09-11 1 Viviane Reding DG EAC N Luxembourg Solution - Harmonization midwives' diplomas which fulfil the conditions required by these Directives According to a recent Commission report, nearly 75 % of European PhD students in the United States envisage staying there after gaining their PhD rather than returning to Europe. The EU has slightly more holders of postgraduate degrees than the United States, but employs significantly 10 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Brice Hortefeux (EPP) EPP Y France Problem - Third country emigration fewer researchers (5.4 out of every 1 000 in employment, compared with 8,7 in the USA) 13 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Brice Hortefeux (EPP) EPP Y France Problem - Working conditions researchers currently have better prospects in the United States The EU also spends much less as a whole on research and development (1,9 % of GDP compared 14 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Brice Hortefeux (EPP) EPP Y France Problem - R&D with 2,8 % in the USA), with a particular lack of investment from the private sector. There are also signs of a slowdown in the biotechnological revolution, with EU businesses showing 39 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Brice Hortefeux (EPP) EPP Y France Problem - Competitiveness weaknesses in terms of patenting and marketing. The brain drain and the relatively low levels of investment in research and development (R & D) and innovation are two particularly disturbing aspects of the situation in Europe. The recently published third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators (2003), referred to by the 15 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Problem - R&D Honourable Member, highlights the problems. The Commission is aware of the situation, which is a sign that researchers and investors find Europe 16 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Problem - Working conditions less attractive than the United States At the European Council in Barcelona in March 2002, the Heads of State or Government agreed to a considerable increase in investment in research and innovation in Europe, with a view to bringing 17 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Solution - R&D Union investment in research to 3 % of GDP by 2010. Most of the increase must come from the private sector, but the public sector will have to make considerable efforts to add to the attractiveness of the European Research Area at international 18 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Solution - Private sector level. This action plan, Investing in research: an action plan for Europe, presents a coherent package of concrete actions at European, national and regional level to make Europe more attractive to researchers and investors. In particular, it is aimed at improving the general conditions, raising the level and effectiveness of public financing, consolidating relations between universities and industry, facilitating access to funding for setting up enterprises and for the critical phases of enterprise growth (with the support of the European Investment Bank and the European Investment Funds), encouraging Member States to take concerted action and improving the 20 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Solution - R&D coordination of Community and national policies. To this end, the funding allocated under the 6th Framework Programme to human resources and 19 E-1248/03 2003-04-02 1 Philippe Busquin DG Research N Belgium Solution - Working conditions mobility has been significantly increased (+ 60 %) The report says that ‘facilitating labor mobility between source and destination countries is perhaps the most crucial – and controversial – means of increasing remittance flows to developing countries’. This may be true, but this is not, in the view of the Commission in itself a reason to favour an increase of international labour mobility. Seen from the perspective of developing countries, international migration may lead to negative brain drain phenomena, as it is 27 E-1435/03 2003-06-19 1 Poul Nielson DG Development N Denmark Problem - Development already the case in several sectors and regions (e.g.
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