Hill: 125 Years in the Life of Syracuse University
The HaLL of LanguageJ
N 1881 , ERASTUS 0. HAVEN , 125 YEARS
OUTGOING CHANCELLOR OF SYRACUSE' S STRUGGLING UNIVERSITY, IN THE LIFE OF
HAD A GLOOMY MESSAGE FOR HIS SUCCESSOR , CHARLES N. SIMS : SYRACUSE
" YOU CANNOT SAVE THE UNIVERSITY. IT MUST GO. " UNIVERSITY
HOW WRONG HE WAS.
CompiLe() by Bob HiLL • AoditionaL reJearch by ALanna Fincke Published by SURFACE, 1995 1 Syracuse University Magazine, Vol. 11, Iss. 3 [1995], Art. 5
lHU \t$ll.l Courage, transfers to SU from The Methodist Epis 1870 ilSHlODll Lafayette College. H e stays only copal Church, w hich had estab one semester and late.r admits lished Genesee College in Lima, he came "more to play baseball New York, but was unhappy than to study." Chancellor Sims with its remote location, passes recalls Crane "was not a schol a resolution at its state conven arly s tudent, but his writings tion to establish a college in are of the kind, I fancy, that will Syracuse. The resolution be long remembered." becomes a reality on March 24, w hen Syracuse University is J ames Roscoe Day chartered. 1894 becomes chancellor. During his 28-year tenure, enrollment The first classes for 1871 increases from fewer than 700 41 registered students begin students to more than 6,000, September 4 in rented space in and ll colleges are founded. the Myers Block building on Montgomery Street in down The College of Law town Sy racuse. The curriculum 1895 is founded. consists of algebra, geometry, Latin, Greek, history, physiolo book is placed on a raft, set 1898 The student ha nd- gy, elocution, and rhetoric. afire, a nd p ushed onto the book warns freshmen "not to There are no electives. water. The tradition ends' i n conclude that the U niversity 1889 w hen accompany ing fire can't get along w ithout y ou. It Alexander Winchell, works 1872 prematurely explcrde. certainly can." a former geologist at the University of Michigan, Char 1881 les N . Sims 1901 The L.C. becomes SU's first becomes SU's third c hancellor Smith College of Engi chancellor. a nd inherits a University debt neering a nd Computer of nearly $ 1872 The 173,000. Science is founded. College of Medi Stud 1886 ents burn the 1903 Born Sep- cine is founded. ramsha ckle gymnasium behind tember 15, the Daily the Hall of Language s. Orange quickly becomes the 1873 The nation's first collegiate newspa College of Visual 1887 SU purchases the per w ith cartoons. Among its and Performing Arts, internationally renowned first editorial messages: Don't the nation's first libra ry of Leopold vo n R a nke, a hit other students w hen playing degree-granting college G erman once proclaimed. the golf on campus. of fine arts, is founded. world's greatest living ALexander historian. Winche LL 1873 SU dedicates its first 1889 N ine of the 10 bells in building, the $136,000 H all of the Crouse College tower are Languages. It w ill stand a lone installed. For the next 92 years, on the 50-acre farmland camp us the bells are rung at least twice a for 14 years until the construc day and again on special oc:;ca tion of the Holden Observatory. sions, such as holidays, elec:;tions, deaths, and football victories. 1874 A need for spittoons Beginning in 198 I, the bells are in the H all of Languages is quieted for 18 months until reno a nnounced by Tbe UniverJtfy vations make them safe to ring Herald, forerunner to the Daily agam. Orange. 1890 Orange becomes the 1874 Erastus 0. Haven, a University's official color after a former s enator from M assachu search of BairdJ College Manual setts, becomes SU's second reveals that no other Ameri;can chancellor. university has adopted orange alone as a school color. SU's origi 1877 Their required nal colors, rose pink and pea green, course in calculus completed" were not particularly popular. sophomores head to nearby Ska neateles Lake for the a nnual 1891 Stephen C rane, Calculus Buria l. A ca lculus text- author of Tbe Red Badge of
Stephen Craned nwJtjamott.J rvorlc
1870 1880 1890 1900 https://surface.syr.edu/sumagazine/vol11/iss3/5 2 Hill: 125 Years in the Life of Syracuse University
1909 Traditional 1918 Twelve students die, Moving-Up Day exer emergency hospitals are erected in cises-during w hich dormitories, and the campus is· graduating seniors are quarantined for more than two excused from mandato and-a-half O ctober weeks because ry chapel attendance, of a Spanish Flu epidemic. juniors take their empty seats, and each class 1918 Enrollment declin,es subsequently "moves by more than 30 percent after up" -are temporarily more than 1,000 students are abolished after celebrar drafted during World War I. ing freshmen paint Sim:S Hall, streetcars, and 1918 The College for John D. Archbold and the .1taJiwn that bore hi.J name campus monuments. H uman Development is founded.
1903 Chancellor Day 1910 The Daily 1919 The School of M an allows his cow to graze in the Oranpe holds a three-day editor agement is fo unded. open field on the eastern por ial campaign to promote cam tion of the Quad. pus friendliness. 1920 SU loosens its ties with the Methodist Episcopal 1905 Industrialist Andrew 1911 The Graduate SchooJ Church with a change to its is founded. . Carnegie makes a surprise charter, which now defines the donation of $ 150,000 to erect institution as "nonsectarian." the library that will bear his 1911 The New York State name. Senate approves a bill appropri 1921 J. Herman Wharton, ating $55,000 for the creation o£ dean of the College of 1905 The Boar's Head a School of Forestry at SU. Business Adminis dramatic society is founded. tration (forerun Early campus theatrical pro 1912 The senior class ner to the School ductions include Kinp Lear and donates a stone bench to the of Manage Macbeth. T he society entertains University, which places it on ment), is shot audiences for more than 50 the west lawn of the Hall of nine times and years. Languages. It later becomes killed by Pro known as the Kissing Bench. fessor Holmes 1906 T he School of Edu Tradition holds that if a couple Beckwith, whom Whar- cation is founded. kisses w hile sitting on this bench, they will eventually ton recently 1906 One hundred spec marry . fired. Beckwith tators are injured and one is subsequently kills killed w hen bleachers collapse 1912 Junior Elizabeth himself. J. Herman during a Syracuse-Colgate foot Reed, unhappy w ith the quality Wharton ball game at New Star Park, of dining hall food, is expelled 1921 Under financial duress, the team's temporary home. after organizing a food strike. the University solicits students for donations totaling $60,000. The The School of Infor drive raises $36,243. 1907 The 25,000-seat 1914 Archbold Stadium opens. It is mation Studies is founded . named after philanthropist 1921 D ancing is John D. Archbold, w hose banned for the final many donations also help two weeks of the spring build Archbold Gy mnasi semester by Chancel- um and Sims Hall and lor D ay, w ho sa:ys, eliminate the U niversity's "We are close $60,000 deficit in 1910. upon examin <~ tions and have no 1909 The Senior time to dance." Council forbids under graduate men from 1922 accompanying women to Charles Wesley any intercollegiate athletic Flint, former presi contest. Separate seating dent of Cornell Col lasts 40 years at SU sport lege in Iowa, ing events. becomes S U's fi fth chancellor.
The Ki.JJing Bench
1905 1910 1915 1920
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MORE THAN ONE MILLION WORLD WAR II VETERANS STARTED THEIR COLLEGE EDUCATIONS IN 1946 UNDER THE G.l. BILL, WHICH GUARANTEED TUITION, ROOM, BOARD, AND A SMALL ALLOWANCE FOR RETURNING Welcome fidditions VETERANS. NOT EVERY UNIVER SITY WAS WILLING TO TOLERATE THE DISRUPTION CAUSED BY AN INFLUX OF THOUSANDS OF NEW, AND OFTEN OLDER, STUDENTS. SYRACUSE WAS AN EXCEPTION. SU set the national standard for welcoming veterans-and earned praise from President Harry S. Truman-by admitting 9,464 in 1946. Enrollment literally tripled overnight. Hous ing was a major effort. More than 900 Quonset huts, barracks, and trailers sprang up along Comstock Avenue, in the Uni- versity Farm (now Skytop and Slocum Heights), and in the Drumlins orchard. More space was needed, however, and many veterans were forced into temporary off campus housing. Chancellor William Pearson Tolley had to deliver his freshman address three times - once on cam pus, once in Baldwinsville, and once at the State Fairgrounds, where hundreds of veterans bunked in cow barns. Food Jhopping at DrumLinJ
1924 The Maxwell School until 1978, when American Indi Slocum College of Agriculture, of Citizenship and Public an students complain that the the only private agricultural Affairs is founded. mascot is offensive. school in the country, is elimi nated 20 years after its founding. 1930 A DaiLy Orange story 1933 Faculty members declares college is a waste of agree to take a 10 percent salary 1934 The S.l. N ewhouse time for women: "For an aver cut as part of the University's School of Public Communica age girl who intends to make program of retrenchment during tions is founded. marriage her chief business, to the Depression. The Joseph waste four p recious y ears that 1937 William Pratt Gra ought to be devoted to romantic ham becomes SU's sixth chan adventure seems tragic." cellor. In November, Graham a nd former presid ent H erbert 1931 A 400-year-old Indi- Hoover preside over the dedica an chief graces the cover of a tion ceremonies of Maxwell campus m agazine a nd leads to Hall. the creation of SU's most famous mascot, the Saltine Warrior. The 1939 DaiLy Oranpe editor story about unearthing ancient Elizabeth Donnelly gains w ide Indian artifacts beneath a cam spread attention as one of the pus building is a hoax, but the nation's first female college Warrior remains SU's mascot newspaper editors.
1925 1930 1940 https://surface.syr.edu/sumagazine/vol11/iss3/5 4 Hill: 125 Years in the Life of Syracuse University Charlotte Heer.:1
1941 The 1942 More than 1950 Edna Brandau, a Flour Rush, a tra 2,000 Air Force cadets professor of applied arts, say s dition stretching come to campus for better eating habits are the back more than 60 specialized training. main reason why Syracuse co years, ends after a From 6 a.m. to 6 p .m. eds are prettier than they were student is injured. they are not allow ed to 10 or 20 y ears ago. "Girls today The Flour Rush actu stroll the campus alone eat a rounded meal, merely cut ally began as the Salt or say anything but hello ting out those foods w hich Rush, with sophomores or thank y ou to a co-ed. The would make them plump or sprinkling salt on unseasoned punishment for disobeying this give them a bad complexion." freshmen on their first day of order is a 25-hour walk. college. It grew into something 1951 The senior class of a University-approved annu 1943 The College of commissions Luise Mey ers al battle between classes. Fresh Nursing is founded. Kaish, a 1946 graduate of the men attempted to scale Crouse School of Art, to sculpt a 3,000- hill, w hich was defended by 1943 Sports are canceled pound statue of the Saltine sophomores, w ho fortified their during the 1943-44 school year Warrior. position by raining sacks, bags, as World War II rages on. a nd stockings fu ll of salt dow n 1952 On successive O cto upon the freshmen. Flour even 1945 T he School of Archi ber day s presidential candidates tually replaced salt as the tecture is founded. Dwight D . Eisenhower and w eapon of choice. Adlai Stevenson hold campus 1945 Sophomore Char rallies before audiences exceed 1941 The Corner Store, a lotte Heers is named Miss ing 10,000. In a campus poll, soda fountain on the corner of Nobody by the Daily Orange students choose Eisenhower. Crouse and University avenues after a campus-wide hunt is and a campus landmark since completed to find the woman 1908, is gutted by fire. who best represents the average co-ed . Heers says she's pleased 1942 William Pearson by the honor. Tolley becomes chancellor. During his 27-year tenure, 1947 The Goon Squad enrollment soars from (5,600 to is created to enforce the 16,000, assets rise frorr: $15 mil wearing of freshmen lion to $200 million, and more beanies, w hich are sup than 20 buildings are erected. posed to enable upper classmen to easily spot freshmen and offer them help and guidance. The Saltine Warrwr Instead, bean ies become a w ay to harass freshmen. Architecture students of the forties are particularly harsh on bea nie-less freshmen - they're carried off to be dunked in a sink. Bea nies be co~e obsolete after the 1970 student strike.
1947 The w orst fire in school history guts Archbold Gy mnasium. D estroyed are the University's bow ling alley, swimming pool, crew room, and $75,000 worth of athletic equipment.
1950 The College of Medi- cine becomes part ot the State U niversity of N ew York sy stem.
William Peatvon Tolley
1950
Published by SURFACE, 1995 5 Syracuse University Magazine, Vol. 11, Iss. 3 [1995], Art. 5 Yate.J Ca.1tle
1954 Early spring water fights, a campus tradition among students in the .fifties, sixties, and seventies, feature open hydrants and soaked visitors. This year's targets include police cars and offi cers, who make 31 arrests.
1954 Biology professor Arthur Phillips arrives from MIT and starts the first ALpha Tau Omega cannon 1953 Yates Castle, former germ-free animal research labo home to the schools of pedagogy ratory dedicated to studying at Commencement. S U officials and journalism, is razed. Built for medical problems. tell her rain will be her only private use in 1852, it reportedly excuse for not speaking at the served as a pre-Civil War stop on 1955 Ivan Mestrovic, con- outdoor ceremony )n Archbold the Underground Railroad, by sidered by some the greatest Stadium. Commencement which thousands of slaves escaped sculptor of religious subjects arrives, and so does the rain. from the South to Canada. since the Renaissance and a sculptor-in-residence at S U 1960 Use of the Alpha since 1947, leaves for Notre Tau Omega cannon, fi red a fter Dame University. He wants to SU touchdowns in Archbold take SuppLicant Per.Jeph'one with Stadium since 1922, is indefi him, but the senior cla:ss pur nitely s uspended after an acci chases it for the University. dent injures five students dur ing the Penn State game. 1955 SU's College Quiz Bowl team earns $1,000 in a 1961 Dr. M aJ;"tin Luther national radio competition with King Jr. addresses.more than four other colleges. 700 students in Sadler Hall.
1956 The School of Social 1961 The student handbook Work is founded. insists women must never wear slacks or Bermuda shorts to class, 19 56 Running back Jim dinner, or in public living rooms. Brow n scores an NCAA-record "When merely crossing campus to 43 points in the football team's attend a function where slacks or 61-7 rout of Colgate. Bermuda shorts are t he appropri ate dress, a long coat is required." 1957 United States Sena tor John F. Kennedy speaks at 1961 Running back Ernie Commencement. Davis becomes the only Orange man - and the first African 1958 John DeVeaux American - to w in college foot becomes the first African ball's most prestigious award, the American president of the H eisman Trophy . Two years men's student government. later he dies from leukemia.
1959 An early -morning fire at a Skytop Air Force bar rack kills seven student airmen.
1960 The unbeaten football team culminates its only national championship season w ith a win over Texas in the Cotton Bowl on N ew Year's D ay.
1960 Valedictorian and future novelist Joyce Carol O ates is determined not to give the traditional student address
SuppLicant Per.1ephone
1955 https://surface.syr.edu/sumagazine/vol11/iss3/5 6 Hill: 125 Years in the Life of Syracuse University
THOUGH ITS FLASH POINT MAY HAVE BEEN A FOOTBALL GAME, THE 70-YEAR RIVALRY BETWEEN SYRACUSE AND COLGATE WAS AS NOTED FOR THE CREATIVITY AND PRANKS IT PRODUCED AS THE MEM ORABLE GAMES THAT WERE PLAYED. Students at both schools often created giant, fanciful placards before the game and held wild parties. SU students annually kidnapped Colgate students and shaved their hair into Ss. One time they nearly succeeded in capturing the entire Colgate band. Another time they 1\/f.onn crt... ---n a Game dumped orange dye from a plane into a lake 1 CJ _l ( t/ L f ILl on Colgate's campus. Colgate students retali- ated by "scalping" many SU students and covering the Saltine Warrior statue in maroon paint. Downtown hotels in Syracuse, wary of overzealous fans, often removed all lobby furniture during the weekend of the game. The football teams first met in 1891 and be came heated rivals in 1897, w hen a newspaper reporter sy mpathetic to Colgate's cause tackled an SU runner on his way to a would-be winning touchdown. The rivalry may have reached its height during the twenties and thirties, when Colgate held its "Hoodoo" jinx over Syracuse- 14 years passed between Syracuse wins. Before the 1938 game, Colgate supporters hired a plane and dropped leaflets onto the S U campus announcing that "The Hoodoo Is Coming." Syra cuse responded by winning the football game and dropping leaflets on the Colgate campus. Their message? "The Hoodoo Is Dead." Shaving CoLgate captived
1962 Publisher Samuel I. 1962 In an attempt to "Communist challenge in South New house donates $15 million relieve some of the misery from east Asia" and foretells the esca to construct a communications the long lines in Archbold Gy m lation of the Vietnam War. "The center. nasium, registration is moved to world must never forget that Manley Field House. M anley's aggression unchallenged is Ernie David and Pre.1i2ent Kennedy floor, a layer of fine sand for aggression unleashed." in Ne1v York City in 1961 track and field events, is cov ered with boards. Unfortunate 1966 More than 42 inches ly, students kick up the sand, of unexpected snow begins pelt w hich covers the punch cards ing the campus on January 30. used by IBM machines, causing Traffic is halted, dining hall food them to jam, shred course cards, is rationed , and registration is and grind registration to a halt. delayed three days. Francis Registration returns to Arch Wingate, S U's vice p resi- bold the follow ing year. dent and treasurer, ..11f3~3;3(-t borrow s his son's A~ifrAMAA;..:;;;,j 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson dedicates Newhouse I and addresses the attack on Unit ed States warships in the Gulf of Tonkin. His speech concerns the
1960 1965 1970
Published by SURFACE, 1995 7 Syracuse University Magazine, Vol. 11, Iss. 3 [1995], Art. 5 Joyce Green
murder in a payroll holdu p, forg ive all those w ho have par though no evidence ever linked ticipated in the student strike. them to the crime. It's w idely Send y our dona tion a nd con believed that discrimination fession to: FORGIVE, P.O. a nd p ub lic hysteria over radi Box 732, Tulsa, Okla homa cals were responsible for their 59673." sentencings a nd executions, w hich caused a sensation 1971 Interim C ha ncellor throughou t much of Europe M elvin A. Eggers, w ho joined and South America. S U in 1950 as a n economics professor, becomes the ninth 1967Ca mpus concerts are chancellor. given by Martha a nd the Van dellas, Neil Dia mond, a nd Mar 1971 A program for inter vin Gaye. collegiate athletics for women is esta blished. Varsity teams begin 1969 Approx imately 100 competing in basketball, swim African-American students ming and diving, volley ball, demonstrate peacefully, tennis, a nd fencing. dema nd ing that S U meet their needs. The protest 1975 The men's bas eventua lly Tesults in the ketball team reaches the formation of the Afro NCAA Tournament American Cultural Final Four for the first Center, the Afro time. The Orange 1966 Senior Joyce G reen American Studies men are eliminated in becomes S U's first African Progra m, a nd a the semifinals by the American homecoming q ueen. Martin Lu ther University of Ken King Jr. Memorial tucky. 1966 Men are required to library coll"ection. wear socks in d ining halls. 1976 To combat John E . escalating energy 1966 All-American basket 1969 Corbally becomes S U 's costs, the University ball player Dave Bing leads S U eig hth cha ncellor, but supplies student washing to the NCAA tourna ment and resig ns 18 months later John E. Cor6aLLy machines w ith cold its most w ins (22) since 1946. to become president of water only. "T he clothes the University of Illinois. never come clean," complains The, Freshman Skep- 1966 sophomore Martha Murphy . tics Corner enjoys another year Daily Orange person Business booms at locallaun- of weekly discussions with Hen 1970 al ad vertisement: "J esus w ill d romats. dricks C hapel D ean Charles N oble. Twenty students spend Wednesday afternoons dis DetaiLof The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti cussing everything from God to abortion. Ther!" are no assign ments, tests, or grades, just free wheeling conv~rsation.
1967 The, PcLMum of Sacco ano Vanzetti, B-en Sha hn's three panel marble and enamel mosaic on the east wall of H untington Beard Crouse Hall, is dedicated . Created in France, it depicts two Italian ~§~~R~I!II, immigrants, draft r' dodgers, a nd radi- cals on a street cor ner demonstrating, in custody, a nd in their coffins after being executed in 1927. T hey w ere con victed of robbery and
1975 1 9 https://surface.syr.edu/sumagazine/vol11/iss3/5 8 Hill: 125 Years in the Life of Syracuse University A chair from the HaLL ofL anguage.:~ prior to it.:1 renovation
1979 The I 06-year-old 1983 Ray mond Carver, H all of Languages reopens after professor of English, renow ned $4 million w orth of renovations a uthor, a nd the driving force a re completed. behind one of the nation 's best creative writiog p rograms, takes 1980 The men's basketball a leave of a bsence. H e never team culminates Beat Siena returns to S U, dy ing of lung W eek w ith a 99-64 w in. Created cancer in 1988. by the sports editors of the Daily Orange, Beat Siena W eek 1983 Co:ming Back features a campus-wide blitz of Together, a reunion of S U's tee-shirts, drink specials, African-American a nd Latino pra nks, and reco ~d sales. A alumni, attracts more than 300 week later, the euphoria sub former students a nd guests. The sides as SU bids farew ell to reunion is the first of its kind in Manley Field House-and a 57- the nation. Successive reunions game home winning streak are held in 1986, 1989, and w ith a loss to G eorgetow n. 1992 .
1980 N amed by virtue of 1983 The lacrosse team a $2.75 million gift from the rallies to defeat J ohns H opkins Carrier Corporation, the $27- in the NCAA championship million Carrier Dome opens on game and earos the first of five the former site of Archbold Division I national tournament Stadium. championships.
THE ERA OF STUDENT UNREST LEFT AN INDELIBLE MARK ON SYRA CUSE UNIVERSITY IN 1970, WHEN NATIONAL AND LOCAL EVENTS CONSPIRED TO TARNISH SU'S CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION AND PRO DUCE TWO OF THE MOST TUMULTUOUS EVENTS IN SCHOOL HISTORY THE STUDENT STRIKE AND THE FOOTBALL BOYCOTT. President Nixon's decision to send United States troops into Cambodia and the shooting deaths of four Kent State University students by Ohio National G uardsmen prompted campus mayhem in early May. Students barricaded campus roads. The DaiLy Orange called for a student ri{ "{
Published by SURFACE, 1995 9 Syracuse University Magazine, Vol. 11, Iss. 3 [1995], Art. 5 Vane.:~.:~a William.:~ ano her crown
1983 Junior Vanessa Williams becomes the first Mrican American to be named Miss America.
1984 One week after fum bling seven times in a loss to lowly Rutgers, the football team defeats No. 1-ranked Nebraska, 17-9.
1985 More than 73 years after the DaiLy Orange first addressed the ne~d for a student union, the Schine Student Cen ter opens.
1986 SU and the City of Syracuse settle a five-year dis pute over taxes on non-scholas tic events in the Carrier Dome. The city keeps $}.2 million in previous University payments but exempts the i;tadium from real-estate tax. The city gets 75 1987 The men's basket 1989The gold-plated scis cents a ticket for major concerts ball team loses the NCAA sors used in every formal ribbon and sports events and is guar tournament championship cutting dedication of an SU build anteed at least $100,000 a year. game to Indiana on a last-sec ing since 1952 are lost amid the ond basket. confusion of a student protest during the dedication of the Cen ter for Science and Technology.
199 1 ·Kenneth A. Shaw, former president of the University of Wisconsin system, becomes SU 's lOth chancellor.
1988 Playboy magazine 1991 Philoso- officials cause a mild furor phy professor Lau when they spend several days rence Thomas on campus interviewing and spends $108.03 on a photographing female students. quarter-page adver 1986 Studeots form Under tisement in the DaiLy graduates for a Better Education, 1988 Members of the stu Orange to chastise stu an activist organization aimed at dent group People for Peace dents for their aca Kenneth A. Shaw improving both SU's academics and Justice interrupt C IA demic indifference. and student relat~ons with Uni recruiters conducting student versity administrators. interviews, distribute leaflets 1992 The Muscular Dys condemning CIA activities, and trophy Association Dance 1986 College of Arts and attempt to place the recruiters M a rathon celebrates its 20th Sciences graduate Elliott Port under citizen's arrest, all the a nniversary and more than $ 1 noy accepts a scholarship to while chanting, "CIA, go away! million in contributions. attend O xford University as How many have you killed SU's first Rhode's Schola r. today?" 1994 Seana LaPlace becomes tbe first African 1987Ralph, Ketcham, pro 1988 Four days before American woman elected presi fessor of political science, histo Christmas, 35 students in SU's dent of the Student Govern ry, public affairs, and American Division of International Pro ment Association. studies, is named. national pro grams Abroad are killed over fessor of the year by the Council Lockerbie, Scotland, as a result 1995 For the first time, no for Advancement and Support of the terrorisf bombing of Pan classes are held in recognition of of Education. Am Flight 103. the Islamic. holy day Eid Ul-Fitr.
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