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Cluj.Ro/Index.Php/Promediu Available online at http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/promediu ProEnvironment ProEnvironment 6 (2013) 474 - 478 Original Article Investigation of the Polluted Soil in the Area of the Industrial Waste Storage Facility, Apahida - Cluj BODA Dana Mioara1*, Valer MICLE1, Ioana Nicoleta POP2, Dorina POP1 1Technical University Cluj – Napoca, No. 103 – 105 Muncii Bd., 400641, Cluj –Napoca, Romania 2S.C. Rosal Grup S.A., Branch of Cluj – Napoca, Girbau Alley, No 12, Cluj County, Romania Received 10 March 2013; received and revised form 29 March 2013; accepted 7 April 2013 Available online 1 June 2013 Abstract Due to the extremely dangerous effects of heavy metals on the soil and implicitly on people’s health, it is necessary to make a correct investigation and evaluation, in order to offer optimal solutions for the removal of pollutants, according to the legislation in force. The hereby paper presents the soil investigation method and its results. The study has been carried out on the site of the industrial waste storage facility, located in the unincorporated area of Apahida, Cluj County. The results obtained indicate that the pollution of the soil with heavy metals (Pb – lead, Ni – nickel, Mn - manganese) reaches 2.5 m in depth, due to the storage of waste produced in the metallurgic industry activities carried out at County level. Beginning with these measurements, it has been established that a rehabilitation of the area is required, by partially revaluating the waste, clearing the land affected by the waste storage and restoring the land for use or integration in the landscape. Keywords: investigation, polluted soil, heavy metals, rehabilitation, revaluation. 1.Introduction The faulty evacuation of waters determines the The study was carried out with regards to the elevation of the phreatic level in the area. Through location in the unincorporated area of Apahida, on the ascending migration of the phreatic water, the soil the right side of DJ161A Apahida Cojocna, Cluj becomes richer in leachate elements from the deeper County, having a total area of 330,575 square meters. areas [6]. The location has sediment deposits of superior 2 An area of 12000 m has been transformed Miocene age (Badenian - Sarmatian), consisting of into a slag waste heap, due to the storage of volume conglomerates, sandstones, clays, plaster stones, salt, 3 of approximately 50000 m of waste resulted from tuffs, as well as sandy marls. the activity carried out by SC CUG SA, a company The lacustrine sedimentation was determined within the industry of ferrous metallurgy. by filling the drains towards the V. Maraloiu Thus, as a consequence of the metallurgical collector, after achieving the works on the railways. industry activity, the soil and the subsoil are polluted Thus, the rain water collected from the slopes has with hydrocarbon, heavy metals, and others, which in accumulated, determining a gradual increase of the time, determines the emergence and the extension of water level as well as the modification of the phreatic contaminated sites which could have impact on level of the area. people’s health and on the environment [4]. The investigation defines the process of * Corresponding author. identifying the presence of pollutants in the geologic tel.: 0040-733691783; fax: 0040-264415054 environment, their spatial delimitation, establishing e-mail: [email protected] 474 BODA Dana Mioara et al./ProEnvironment 6(2013) 474 - 478 their concentration as well as their relation with the mineral matrix and the structure of the geologic is to identify the changes and the damage cause to the environment. Figure 1 shows the factors taken into soil and subsoil through pollution. consideration for the accomplishment of the The results of the investigation and evaluation geologic environment investigation and for the of the geologic environment pollution were presented evaluation of the contamination. The general through specific means such as: laboratory analyses objective of investigating the geologic environment charts and diagrams with interpreting texts [1]. Figure 1. The factors considered when making the investigation of the geologic environment 2. Material and Method The soil sampling procedures were conducted On the north and north – east side, at the in 2010, upstream and downstream from the slag border there is an access road and a railway waste heap in Apahida, at the depth of 2.5 meters, embankment, while on the east and south-east side it according to STAS 7184/1-75, through geotechnical is delimited by a railway embankment and the drilling, using Hidra Joy3 equipment [4]. The studied industrial platform of SC Industria Sârmei SA location is 14 km away from Cluj-Napoca towards Câmpia Turzii. East (fig. 2). The land where the studied slag waste The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons heap is located is adjacent to the DJ 161A county and heavy metals found in the collected soil samples road, around 2.00 km towards Cojocna from its were determined at the “CFR” S.A. Laboratory for crossroads with DN 1C (1C National Road). On the Monitoring of Environmental Factors [7]. south side it is delimited by rain water drains of The content of total hydrocarbons was around 170 m long, within the perimeter of the waste accomplished according to STAS SR 13511 – 2007 heap. On the west and north-west side it is delimited [5], and the concentrations of heavy metals were by a drop pipe of about 320 m long, within the determined using the Merk 14554 method. The perimeter of the waste heap and the industrial results obtained during the analyses are presented in platform that belonged to SC Baumit SA. table 1. Table 1. Results of the laboratory analyses for the soil samples No. Sample name Unit of measurement Sampling Upstream Downstream depth 1. Total hydrocarbon content mg/kg dry substance 1 m 84.8 68.5 2. Lead mg/kg dry substance 6 m 54.0 38.0 3. Nickel mg/kg dry substance 6 m 244.8 82.4 4. Manganese mg/kg dry substance 6 m 1275.0 875 475 BODA Dana Mioara et al./ProEnvironment 6(2013) 474 - 478 Upstream Slag waste heap Downstream Figure 2. Satellite view – the image of the slag waste heap – Apahida [8] 3. Results and Discussions normal value is exceeded by 50% upstream and 15% downstream. The high concentration of nickel The quantity of total hydrocarbons and heavy (fig. 4), exceeding the alert threshold upstream and metals of the collected samples in the upstream and the normal value downstream, is due to the storage downstream directions from the slag waste heap in of large quantities of industrial waste resulting from Apahida were compared to the normal values, with activities of obtaining pig iron and steel. the alert and intervention threshold values for less The manganese content existing in the soil sensible soils, as per Order no. 756/1997 [3]. sample (fig. 5) indicates that the normal value has The results of the lead concentration analyses been exceeded upstream from the slag waste heap in on the soil samples presented in fig. 3 show that the Apahida, but downstream the value is lower. Lead [mg/kg dry substance] 1200 1000 Lead 800 Normal value 600 400 Alert threshold 200 54 38 0 Intervention upstream downstream threshold Figure 3. Determining the lead content 476 BODA Dana Mioara et al./ProEnvironment 6(2013) 474 - 478 Nickel [mg/kg dry substance] 600 500 400 Nickel Normal value 300 244.8 alert threshold 200 Intervention threshold 82.4 100 Figure 4. Determining the nickel content Manganese [mg/kg dry substance] 4500 4000 3500 Manganese 3000 2500 Normal value 2000 1500 1275 Alert threshold 875 1000 500 Intervention 0 threshold upstream downstream Figure 5. Determining the manganese content The investigation stage for the site polluted Storing waste coming from the activities of with heavy metals is the essential element of the metallurgic industry at the level of Cluj County, on decision making process for removing pollutants and the waste heap in Apahida, represents a great risk for is a condition for obtaining new decontaminated health and environment, due to the large quantity of areas [2]. As a result of storing metallurgical waste, it toxic substances contained, as well as heavy metals, has been found that the rehabilitation of the area is solvents, metallurgic slag, toxic mud, worn out oils necessary, by partially revaluating the waste, etc. The values of heavy metals concentrations (Pb, removing the waste from the affected land and Ni, Mg), analyzed at the slag dump heap in Apahida restoring it for use or integration in the landscape. – Cluj, exceed the normal values. Thus it is necessary to monitor the area as often as possible, in order to prevent and limit the soil pollution. The necessity to rehabilitate the area, by 4. Conclusions partially revaluation of waste, removing the waste from the affected land and restoring soil for use or In order to return the contaminated sites to the integration in the landscape. social and economic circuit, it is necessary to investigate and evaluate the impact on the References environment, as precisely as possible. The activities of the metallurgic activities [1] Dan V., M. Pop, 2010, Evaluarea impactului asupra generate large quantities of waste containing heavy mediului, Ed. U.T. Press, Cluj – Napoca metals and having a negative impact on the environment factors, people’s health and [2] Micle V., Neag Gh., 2009, Procedee şi Echipamente de environmental health. Depoluare a Solurilor şi a Apelor Subterane, U.T. PRESS Cluj – Napoca 477 BODA Dana Mioara et al./ProEnvironment 6(2013) 474 - 478 [3] ***, 1997, Ordin nr. 756 din 11/03/1997 aprobarea din sol. Metoda gravimetrică Reglementării privind evaluarea poluării mediului, Monitorul Oficial nr. 303 din 11/06/1997 [6] ***, 2012, Raport de execuţie privind obiectivul execuţie foraj de hidromonitorizare în Loc.
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