The Gestation Duration Identified in a Bălțată Românească Cattle Population from Huedin Area

Available online at http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/promediu

ProEnvironment

ProEnvironment 13 (2020) 90-94

Original Article

POTRA Aurel, Liviu MĂRGHITAȘ*, Vasile MICLEA

University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, 3-5 Mănăștur Str., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Received 18 July 2020; received and revised form 15 August 2020; accepted 4 September 2020 Available online 30 September 2020

Abstract

Estrogen and progesterone are the main regulators of uterine blood flow, which demonstrates the occurrence of disorders in the synthesis, transport and action of these hormones. Estrogens, through their producing properties, hyperemia and hypersecretion cause congestion of the genital tract, hyperplasia of the uterine mucosa, glands and vaginal epithelium and increased secretion of the uterine glands. The research aims to estimate the gestation duration identified in a Bălțată Românească cow population from Huedin area, represented by Sâncraiu and Poieni communes located in Cluj County, during 2011 - 2016. The studied biological material is made up of the Bălțată Românească breed. In Săcuieu commune, the duration of gestation registered an average equal to 282.56 days in the group of mothers and 282.73 days in the group of daughters, and in Poieni commune, the duration of gestation registered an average equal to 283.61 days in the group of mothers and of 283.24 days in the group of daughters. We consider that the obtained results fall within the normal physiological limits for the Bălţată Românească breed.

Keywords: estrogens, gestation, hormone, mother.

1. Introduction The presence of males in the herd of females in heat reduces the duration of estrus, ovulation The effect of the interaction between animals taking place earlier [5]. of the same species on reproduction is much more Estrogen and progesterone are the main pronounced in males compared to females. The regulators of uterine blood flow, which demonstrates sexual activity of the males intensifies when new the occurrence of disorders in the synthesis, transport females enter the heat, and the presence of some and action of these hormones [2, 4]. Estrogens, males performing the jump improves the libido of the through their properties to produce, hyperemia and other males in the herd. The social hierarchy hypersecretion cause congestion of the genital tract, intervenes when there is only one female in the heat. hyperplasia of the uterine mucosa, glands and vaginal Social dominance is not correlated with reproductive epithelium and increased secretion of the uterine performance. In young males, the female's exposure glands [1, 3, 6]. to heat and sexual behavior in her presence gradually Through their effect on the central nervous improves as she gains experience. system, estrogens also induce the psychic manifestations of heat, libido.The research aims to * Corresponding author. estimate the gestation duration identified in a Bălțată Tel: +40-264-596384 Fax: +40-264-593792 Românească cow population from Huedin area, e-mail: [email protected] represented by Sâncraiu and Poieni communes.

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2. Material and Methods which is determined both by the methodology used for breeding and by the growing conditions on farms. The research was performed in Sâncraiu, and The duration of gestation was estimated for each Poieni communes located in Cluj County, during female of the Bălțată Românească breed separately, 2011 - 2016. Poieni commune is located in the calculating the averages both by lactation and by western part of Cluj County, at the limit of three total. The lactation durations were calculated both for geographical units: Vlădeasa Mountains, Meseş the cows studied in Sâncraiu commune and for those Mountains and Huedin Depression, on either side of studied in Poieni commune. the Crişul Repede river. The commune is at a distance of 65 km from the city of Cluj-Napoca and has an area of 19003 Results and discussions hectares. It consists of the villages: Poieni, Bologa, Morlaca, Hodişu, Valea Drăganului, Tranişu, Lunca The duration of physiological gestation in Vişagului to which is added the hamlet of Cerbeşti. cattle is unanimously accepted by all specialists as Sâncraiu commune, with a total area of 56.83 km˛ is having an average duration of 285 days, with a located at an average altitude of 600 m, 56 km from standard deviation of 2.5 days. Cluj- and 5 km from the first city, Huedin. The results obtained regarding the duration of The studied biological material consists of the gestation on lactation in the groups studied in Romanian Bălțată breed. The Romanian Bălţată Sâncraiu commune show that it had an average of breed was born as a result of the absorption type 282.77 days, with limits between 261 and 299 days crosses between the cows of the Sura de steppe breed in the group of mothers and 281.93 days, with limits from Bucovina and from the Sura de steppe breed between 260 and 298 days in the daughter group. We from Transylvania and bulls belonging to the consider that these values fall within the limits of the Simmental breed. In 1959, the Bălțată Românească Bălţată Românească breed (Table 1, Fig. 1). breed was homologated and recognized. The duration of physiological gestation in Subsequently, it was subjected to the process of cattle is unanimously accepted an average duration of improvement through: structuring at the level of gestation of 285 days, with a standard deviation of families and lines, the selection process, infusion 2.5 days. with the breeds Deutsches Fleckvieh, Simmental, The analysis of the gestation duration (DG) Alpenfleckvieh, or even with Red Holstein. The shows us that it had, in the case of the farms analyzed Bălțată Românească is a widespread breed in the in Poieni commune) an average of 283.61 days, with western and central area of the country, more limits between 257 and 300 days in the group of precisely in Crişana, Banat and in some counties in mothers and 283.24 days, with limits between 260 Transylvania. This represents approximately 36% of and 299 days in the daughter group. We consider that the total number of cattle in Romania. Regarding the the obtained results fall within the normal morphological aspect, the Bălțată Românească breed physiological limits for the Bălțată Românească can be characterized by a strong polymorphism, breed (Table 2, Fig. 2).

Table 1. The duration of gestation in the studied groups in farms from Sâncraiu commune

2 DG –DAYS n s Difference d % sd t X Significance MOTHERS 28 282.07 61.8 LACTATION I 0.96 0.34% 1.89 0.512 ns DAUGHTERS 28 281.11 37.7 LACTATION MOTHERS 28 282.86 61.5 0.64 0.23% 1.88 0.342 ns II DAUGHTERS 28 282.21 37.5 LACTATION MOTHERS 28 283.39 25.1 0.32 0.11% 2.52 0.126 ns III DAUGHTERS 13 283.08 70.7 MOTHERS 84 282.77 48.6 MEAN 0.85 0.30% 1.09 0.774 ns DAUGHTERS 69 281,93 42,5

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Table 2. The duration of gestation in the studied groups in farms from Poieni commune

2 DG –DAYS n s d % sd t Significance X Difference LACTATION MOTHERS 37 282.86 65.2 0.43 0.15% 1.74 0.249 ns I DAUGHTERS 37 282.43 46.3

LACTATION MOTHERS 37 284.19 50.9 1.19 0.42% 1.65 0.720 ns II DAUGHTERS 37 283.00 50.1

LACTATION MOTHERS 37 283.78 30.3 -1.22 -0.43% 1.83 -0.666 ns III DAUGHTERS 22 285.00 55.2 MOTHERS 111 283.61 48.3 MEAN 0.37 0.13% 0.98 0.382 ns DAUGHTERS 96 283,24 49,7

285 283.39 283.08 282.07 282.86 282.21 282.77281.93 281.11 280

275

270

265 LACTAŢIA I LACTAŢIA II LACTAŢIA III MEDIA

Figure 1. The duration of gestation in the investigated groups from Sâncraiu commune

285.00 285 284.19 284 283.78 283.61 283.24 282.86 283.00 283 282.43

282

281

280 LACTAŢIA I LACTAŢIA II LACTAŢIA III MEDIA

Figure 2. The duration of gestation in the investigated groups in farms from Poieni commune

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290 287.38 285.27 285.3 285.67 284.14 285 283.29 283.26 282.54 282.57 281.59 280

275

270 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX si peste MEDIA

Figure 3. The duration of gestation on successive lactations

130 125.73 122.24 119.2 119.63 120 117.5 118.25 114.71 114.81 114.14 114.43

110

100 I III V VII IX si peste

Figure 4. Service-period on successive lactations

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4. Conclusions among dairy farmers in Ireland, Journal of Agricultural Science, 4, 171-179. In Săcuieu commune, the duration of gestation registered an average equal to 282.56 days in the [3]LarsonJ., G. Lamb, J. Stevenson, S. Johnson, T. Gear, group of mothers and 282.73 days in the group of V.Kesler, J. Dejarnette, F. Schrick, A. Dicostanzo, 2006, daughters, and in Poieni commune, the duration of Synchronization of oestrus in suckled beef cows for gestation registered an average equal to 283.61 days detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed in the group of mothers and of 283.24 days in the artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing group of daughters. We consider that the obtained hormone, prostaglandin F, and progesterone, J. Anim. results fall within the normal physiological limits for Sci., 84, 332-342 the Bălţată Românească breed.

[4] McDonald L.E., 1986, Veterinary endocrinology and References reproduction, USA, Athens, Giorgia

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