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Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Weeds in Western Australia

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Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Weeds in Western Australia Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Weeds in Western Australia Pub no. 11/059 www.rirdc.gov.au 11-059 Covers.indd 1 25/10/2011 2:44:38 PM 11-059 Covers.indd 2 25/10/2011 2:44:38 PM Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Weeds in Western Australia by Pippa J Michael, Paul B Yeoh, Noboru Ota and John K Scott October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 11/059 RIRDC Project No. AWRC 08-85 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-243-0 ISSN 1440-6845 Climate change impacts on agricultural weeds in Western Australia Publication No. 11/059 Project No. AWRC 08-85 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165. Researcher Contact Details Dr Pippa J Michael Curtin University, Private Mailbag 1, P.O. Northam, W.A. 6401, Australia Phone: +61 8 9690 1444 Fax: +61 8 9690 1500 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Electronically published by RIRDC in October 2011 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.rirdc.gov.au or phone 1300 634 313 ii Foreword Weeds cost Australian agriculture over $4 billion annually through factors such as yield loss and management costs. Although not quantified, the impact of weeds on natural ecosystems has also been recognised as a serious threat to biodiversity. Consequently there is a significant need to understand the factors that influence the distribution, spread and abundance of invasive weed species in agriculture, under both current and future environmental and management conditions. This project focuses on the weed risk in relation to climate change in the Northern Agricultural Region (NAR) of Western Australia. The region was chosen because it is predicted to experience considerable environmental impact from climate change. It is also one of Australia’s highly productive agricultural regions, generating approximately $1 billion annually. From a complete list of plant species present within the NAR and buffer zones, the top 20 priority weeds were chosen by an expert panel and put through a detailed weed risk assessment (WRA) based on the ability of weeds to grow in different climates. The main priority for future research is to extend this study to include an assessment applicable to the whole cropping region of Western Australia. This project was funded in Phase 1 of the National Weeds and Productivity Research Program, which was managed by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) from 2008 to 2010. The Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) is now publishing the final reports of these projects. Phase 2 of the Program, which is funded to 30 June 2012 by the Australian Government, is being managed by RIRDC with the goal of reducing the impact of invasive weeds on farm and forestry productivity as well as on biodiversity. RIRDC is commissioning some 50 projects that both extends on the research undertaken in Phase 1 and moves into new areas. These reports will be published in the second half of 2012. This report is an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 2000 research publications which can be viewed and freely downloaded from our website www.rirdc.gov.au. Information on the Weeds Program is available online at www.rirdc.gov.au/weeds Most of RIRDC’s publications are available for viewing, free downloading or purchasing online at www.rirdc.gov.au. Purchases can also be made by phoning 1300 634 313. Craig Burns Acting Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the input of the following panel members during the prioritisation workshop: Andrew Reeves, Catherine Borger, Jon Dodd, Rod Randal, Sandy Lloyd (Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia), David Minkey (Western Australian No-Tillage Farmers Association), Mechelle Owen (University of Western Australia) and Kelly Agar (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation). Thanks also to Catherine Borger and Andrea Schatral (Curtin University) for their assistance with the detailed weeds risk assessments. iv Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................. iv Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. vii Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Results .................................................................................................................................................. 12 Implications.......................................................................................................................................... 21 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 23 Appendix: Weed species lists .............................................................................................................. 24 References ............................................................................................................................................ 33 v Tables Table 1. Shires used to define the Northern Agricultural Region, agricultural buffer and rangeland buffer ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Table 2. Surveys and databases used to collate a list of species present within the NAR and buffer zones ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Table 3. South Australian weed risk assessment guide management matrix (Virtue 2008) ................. 11 Table 4. Additional species included in the final ‘high risk agricultural weeds’ list ........................... 14 Table 5. High risk agricultural weeds in the NAR. Species highlighted in yellow were deemed ‘too common’ for inclusion in the WRA. ..................................................................................................... 15 Table 6. Weed risk assessment category scores for top 20 ‘riskiest’ weeds ......................................... 19 Table 7. Comparative weed risk (CWR) and feasibility of containment (FOC) scores for the 20 riskiest weeds ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Figures Figure 1. Shires included in the Northern Agricultural Region (NAR) of Western Australia, and shires designated as the agricultural buffer and the rangeland buffer ............................................................... 3 Figure 2. Climate change projections for 2070 based on the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model, emissions scenario A1B and medium climate sensitivity (CSIRO 2009) ................................................................ 4 Figure 3. Total rainfall and mean surface temperature change between 2010 and 2070 based on the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model, emissions scenario A1B and medium climate sensitivity (CSIRO 2009) .. 5 Figure 4. Map of the NAR indicating field locations from the summer (Michael
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