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Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima

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Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima www.ssoar.info Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Segbers, K., Hegedüs, D., Kuzio, T., & Glahn, C. (2018). Populism in Europe - an Overview. (CGP Working Paper Series, 09/2018). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Center for Global Politics. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-60254-9 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). 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Working Papers of the Center for Global Politics Segbers, Klaus Populism in Europe An Overview CGP Working Paper Series 09/2018 © 2018 by Segbers, Klaus Center for Global Politics Freie Universität Berlin Editor: Klaus Segbers ISSN: 1869-9243 Klaus Segbers Populism in Europe An Overview Contents Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 Introduction ´Populism in Europe` (Klaus Segbers) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Populism in Ukraine and Europe: Similar but Also Different (Taras Kuzio) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 1� Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives on Populism � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �17 2� Populism in Ukraine and Europe � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �18 3� Conclusion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �26 4� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �28 Rethinking the Incumbency Effect� Radicalization of Governing Populist Parties in East-Central-Europe� A case study of Hungary (Daniel Hegedüs) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 1� Theoretical Background � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �32 2� Main conceptual and methodological framework � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �34 3� Political Discourse Analysis of the Hungarian “System of National Cooperation” � � � � � � � � � � � � � �36 4� Concepts of enemies and “the general crime” in the period 2010-2015 (chain of equivalence P) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �38 5� Populist demands and the “System of National Cooperation” in the period 2010- 2015 (chain of equivalence Q) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �44 6� Concepts of enemies and “the general crime” after 2015 (chain of equivalence Z) � � � � � � � � � � � �46 7� Populist claims and simplified solutions to the crisis of mass migration after 2015 (chain of equivalence W) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �50 8� Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 9� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �54 9�1� Annex I - The text corpus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �55 9�2� Annex II - The text corpus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �56 Populism and the ENP to the East - Outlining and discussing a research framework for a comparison of the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia (Cosima Glahn) � � � � � � � � � � 58 1� Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �58 2� How to understand and conceptualize ‘populism’ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �59 3� How to measure populism empirically? A short review of exemplary studies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �61 4� Short literature review � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �61 5� Empirical part: Comparing the three cases � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �62 5�1� Republic of Moldova � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �64 5�2� Ukraine � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �64 5�3� Georgia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �66 6� Commonalities among the cases providing the bases for populism � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �66 7� Problems, critical discussion and conclusion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �68 8� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �70 8�1� Internet References � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �74 Preface Klaus Segbers Preface Preface Populism as such is not new in the dictionaries of political and cultural sciences� The history of humankind is relatively rich in people and movements trying to convince people that simple and simplifying answers on complex questions may work� But in the last five or so years, there is a resurgence of populism across continents, societies and traditional political cleavages� As Brexit, the current U�S� administration and many other events demonstrate, populism is shaping and influencing the political processes in Europe and far beyond� Against this background, the Center for Global Politics (www�global-politics�org) of Freie Universität Berlin organized a roundtable event for the annual convention of the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) which took place last fall (2017) in Chicago� The topic of this event was „Populism in Eastern Europe“� The idea was to analyze empirical examples of populism in Eastern Europe and beyond, to discuss with the attending audience definitorial questions, possible reasons for the populist success, advantages and limits of comparing populism in different contexts, and to highlight the possibilities to make a broader comparison of the phenomena cross-regionally� The following CGP working paper is a follow-up result of the roundtable initiative� Some of the roundtable participants decided present their updated papers to a broader (not only) academic public� We hope that the research endeavors evolving around the topic of populism will prosper in the upcoming years� and we hope that this CGP working paper can contribute to this evolving discussion� Klaus Segbers Berlin, September 2018 CGP Working Papers 09/2018 3 Introduction ´Populism in Europe` (Klaus Segbers) Klaus Segbers Introduction ´Populism in Europe` Klaus Segbers Center for Global Politics, Freie Universität Berlin Introduction ´Populism in Europe`
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