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May Singapore Flourish! BIBLIOASIA JAN – MAR 2018 Vol. 13 / Issue 04 / NL Notes and registering the design ensures that no other entity can use a similar design. The warrant is written in fine copperplate calligraphy on parchment and measures 45 by 62 cm, inclusive of three elaborate seals attached May Singapore at the base. The seals represent the three kings of arms, who are the senior officers of the College of Arms: specifically, the Garter King of Arms, Revisiting the Clarenceux King of Arms, and Norroy and Ulster Municipal Coat of Arms King of Arms. Flourish! What is most visually striking about the warrant are the four coats of arms found on the top and left of the document. The three arms at the top represent the authorities granting the In April 1948, the municipality of arms: in the centre lies the royal arms of the Singapore received a coat of arms by United Kingdom, flanked by the arms of the Earl Marshal of England (the Duke of Norfolk) royal warrant. Mark Wong highlights the on the left, and the arms of the College of Arms significance of this document. on the right. The Municipal Coat of Arms On the left of the document, significantly larger than the arms above it, is the new municipal coat If you’ve ever been to Mount Emily Park1 and won- of arms. A description of the arms can be found dered about the colourful coat of arms mounted in the warrant, in the form of the official blazon: on the wall at its entrance, the answer to its iidentity lies in one of the documents on display “Gules a Tower issuant from the base at the exhibition, “Law of the Land: Highlights of proper on the battlements thereof a Lion Singapore’s Constitutional Documents”. passant guardant Or on a Chief embattled Among the colonial-era documents at the of the last a pair of Wings conjoined in base exhibition held at the National Gallery Singapore between two Anchors Azure And for the is the Royal Warrant Assigning Armorial Ensigns Crest On a Wreath Argent and Azure In front for the City of Singapore – easily one of the most of a Palm tree fructed proper issuant from The Royal Warrant Assigning Armorial Ensigns for the City of Singapore, 9 April 1948. Courtesy of National Archives of Singapore. ornate of the items on display. a Mount Vert a Lion passant Or.” Seen from the present perspective, the royal warrant – dated 9 April 1948 and almost 70 years Written in the language of heraldry – an The crest of the Singapore municipality, old today – marks a transitional but significant Anglicised version of Norman French – this consisting of a lion with a coconut palm behind A HERALDIC period in Singapore’s history. A celebrated docu- translates into modern English as: it, appears at the top of the coat of arms. The ment in its day, the royal warrant represented a municipal crest was well known to the people of GLOSSARY proud moment for a town that was still steeped “A red shield, with a tower at the bottom. Singapore as it was displayed in various locations Argent: Silver in the hallowed symbols and practices of British On the top of the tower, a golden lion around the town, including the pair of bronze Azure: Blue colonial tradition, just three years after the end walking, with one paw raised, looking to plaques at Elgin Bridge, engraved by the Italian Chief: Referring to of the Japanese Occupation and resumption of its left. Above the shield, with battlement sculptor Rodolfo Nolli. the upper part of a British rule. But more importantly, the issue of effect, another panel of gold, with a pair heraldic device the warrant also marked a watershed moment of wings flanked by two blue anchors. The The Municipal Motto Embattled: Having in Singapore’s eventful journey towards self- crest is a wreath of blue and silver leaves battlements government and eventual independence. with another golden lion in front of a palm What may surprise people are the words Fructed proper: tree with coconuts on it, growing out of a “Majulah Singapura” inscribed just below the Bearing correct green mound.”4 shield. The Malay phrase is well known today The Royal Warrant fruit as the title of Singapore’s national anthem and Guardant: On The royal warrant arrived in Singapore by ship The images in the coat of arms are rich in translates as “Onward Singapore”. The anthem guard in August 1948 “in a long red box, with G.R. VI symbolic meaning, some having been in public was officially unveiled in December 1959 as Gules: Red embossed on it in gold”2, a reference to King circulation for decades. The golden lion atop the one of three new state symbols in a newly self- Issuant: Coming George VI, the British monarch who reigned from tower previously represented Singapore on the governing Singapore. However, the appearance from 1936 to 1952. The warrant was the result of an coat of arms of the recently dissolved Straits of the phrase on the 1948 royal warrant indicates Or: Gold application made in July 1947 by the Singapore Settlements.5 The pairs of wings and anchors a much longer history. Passant: Passing Mark Wong is an Oral History Specialist at the Oral History Centre, National Archives Municipal Commissioners to the College of Arms highlight Singapore’s twin roles in international In fact, “Majulah Singapura” was the munici- or in motion of Singapore, where he conducts oral history interviews in areas such as education, the (College of Heralds), England, to register a coat communications as seaport (since its founding pal motto of Singapore before World War II. Mount vert: performing arts, public service and the Japanese Occupation. He is co-curator of the of arms (armorial ensigns) for the Singapore in 1819) and as air hub (with the 1937 opening of According to an article in the 28 January 1940 edi- A green mount exhibition, "Law of the Land: Highlights of Singapore’s Constitutional Documents", at the Municipal Commission.3 The College of Arms Kallang Airport, one of the most modern in the tion of The Straits Times, the motto was originally National Gallery Singapore. and its functions still exist in the present day, world) at the time. written in English as “May Singapore Flourish”. 58 59 BIBLIOASIA JAN – MAR 2018 Vol. 13 / Issue 04 / NL Notes The English motto was translated into Settlement Council had to decide between a Malay (Far left) Portrait of Lazarus Malay as “Biar-lah Singapura Untong”, with the or English motto, council member K. Mohd. Ariff Rayman by William Haxworth. Rayman, as president of the Malay version featuring on the official Municipal pointed to Singapore’s choice of a Malay motto Singapore Municipal Com- common seal. However, the words “biar-lah” to sway the council, “It is Singapore’s motto that mission, was mentioned by (to let/allow) and “untong” (profit) were sub- stimulated your committee to think, I hope, on name in the royal warrant. sequently changed following a suggestion by right lines and at the same time pay a tribute to WRM Haxworth Collection, the President of the Singapore Municipal Com- those far-sighted pioneers who coined ‘Majulah courtesy of National Archives 8 of Singapore. missioners Lazarus Rayman, a Malay scholar. Singapura’ as the slogan for Singapore.” Penang (Left) The 1948 municipal coat He felt that the word “untong” conveyed “mere eventually adopted the Malay motto “Bersatu of arms still features promi- commercial profit”, whereas “maju” expressed dan Setia” (United and Loyal). nently today at the entrance of “the higher ideal of a continuous advancement Mount Emily Park. Courtesy of National Archives of Singapore. commercially”. Besides, “maju” was “commonly The Singapore Municipal Commission used by Malay royalty whenever they pray for the prosperity of their country.”6 The royal warrant acknowledges the role of the After World War II, “Majulah Singapura” Singapore Municipal Commission in applying grew in use and popularity. For example, the for the new municipal coat of arms. The role phrase was widely used in speeches and printed and evolution of the Municipal Commission – on decorative arches on City Day on 22 September created in 1887 to oversee local urban affairs 1951, in celebration of Singapore’s new status such as water supply, electricity, gas, drains, resident European population, for more rial Ensigns for the City of Singapore – with its as a city of the British Commonwealth instead roads and street lighting – was emblematic of control over local affairs.”9 archaic language, colonial symbols of authority The Royal Warrant of a town. “Majulah Singapura” became a locus Singapore’s journey towards self-governance. and references to obsolete institutions such as Assigning Armorial of budding patriotism amid a population that According to geographer Brenda Yeoh: While the composition and concerns of the Singapore Municipal Commission – seems so Ensigns for the City was becoming more politically conscious and the Municipal Commission from the late 19th distant from our lives today. By understanding of Singapore, along emotionally attached to Singapore. “The municipal authority was an integral century tended to be European-centric and its context and unpacking its meaning, however, with other rare In 1952, Singapore City Councillor M.P.D. part of the colonial power structure and “hardly addressed the needs and aspirations of we find in the royal warrant a record of a turning materials from the Coronation of King George VI Nair even suggested that “instead of greeting served as an institution of control over the Asian plebeian classes on their own terms”,10 point in Singapore’s history.
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