Emergency Plan of Action Operation Update Bangladesh: Population Movement
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Emergency Plan of Action Operation Update Bangladesh: Population Movement Emergency Appeal n° MDRBD018 GLIDE n° OT-2017-000003-BGD EPoA update n° 8 Timeframe covered by this update: Date of issue: 9 July 2019 17 January 2017 to 31 May 2019 Operation timeframe: 39 months; end date 30 June 2020 Operation start date: 28 December 2016 (Emergency Appeal launched on 18 March 2017) DREF amount initially allocated: Total amount advanced Overall operation budget: CHF 51 million (revised); and replenished from DREF is CHF 1,063,858 - January Appeal coverage: 83 per cent (donor response). 2017: CHF 273,151; September 2017: CHF 690,707 and June 2018: CHF 100,000. No. of people being assisted: Approximately 200,000 displaced people and 60,000 from host communities Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners currently actively involved in the operation: Movement partners are supporting the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) response through the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Emergency Appeal, on bilateral arrangements with BDRCS, utilizing a One-Window Approach1 or through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) appeal. Partners who have contributed to the IFRC Emergency Appeal are: American Red Cross, Australian Red Cross, Austrian Red Cross, Bahrain Red Crescent, Belgian Red Cross, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, Red Cross Society of China Macau branch, Danish Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross, Hong Kong branch of the Red Cross Society of China, the Iranian Red Crescent, Italian Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross Society, Luxembourg Red Cross, Maldivian Red Crescent, Netherlands Red Cross, New Zealand Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross, Red Cross of Monaco, Republic of Korea National Red Cross, Singapore Red Cross, Spanish Red Cross, Swedish Red Cross, Swiss Red Cross, Taiwan Red Cross Organization and Turkish Red Crescent. The German Red Cross, Italian Red Cross, the Iranian Red Crescent, Swiss Red Cross, Qatar Red Crescent and the United Arab Emirates Red Crescent contributed to the BDRCS activities through bilateral channels. Other partners contributing to this operation: The Governments of Australia, Austria, United Kingdom, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States and Uzbekistan, and private donors from Malaysia and the Maldives have contributed financially to the operation. The Islamic Development Bank has also contributed financially to this Appeal. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: The Government of Bangladesh, UN agencies, INGOs and local NGOs are involved. Specifically, the actors include WHO, WFP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, IOM, ACF, Solidarity International (SI), Médecins Sans Frontièrs (MSF), Handicap International (HI), NGO Forum (NGOF), Save the Children, and local NGOs such as Codec, BRAC, MUKTI, BGS, SHED and RTMI. The Bangladesh Population Movement (PMO) Emergency Appeal and Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) fifth revision was published on 1 May 2019. The revised Emergency Appeal seeks an increased budget of CHF 51 million and a timeframe extension up to 30 June 2020. The extended operation will focus on four integrated approaches: 1. Continuing humanitarian assistance. 2. Enhancing preparedness for response. 3. Strengthening community resilience. 4. Fostering social cohesion. 1 One-window approach has been designed with flexibility to accommodate more partners’ contributions to the response through a common agreed plan and is regarded as the most acceptable, effective and efficient approach for this response. Continuing essential humanitarian assistance will include delivery of shelter; health; water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH); protection, gender and inclusion (PGI) services, with a target of 200,000 displaced people from Rakhine State and 60,000 people from host communities. The revised plan of action also addresses key cross cutting issues, including protection and community engagement and accountability. This update informs on the activities accomplished up to 31 May 2019 for the PMO according to the current needs and context of the crisis. A. SITUATION ANALYSIS Description of the disaster Since 25 August 2017, extreme violence in Rakhine State, Myanmar, drove over 727,000 people from Rakhine State across the border into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Communities have crossed the border before, and Bangladesh has been hosting people from Rakhine since the 1970s. However, the influx in August 2017 has been the largest and fastest in its history. The situation of statelessness imposed over generations has rendered this population seriously vulnerable, even before the severe traumas of this most recent displacement. The number of people from Rakhine inside Bangladesh remains fluid as there is still a flow of population coming from Myanmar and other regional countries. Over 919,000 displaced people are still living in makeshift camps and other sites. The largest camp (Mega Camp) is the Kutupalong expansion site in Ukhia, hosting more than 610,000 refugees. The situation is also a protection crisis in that the protection needs for the displaced community are very high due to the extreme and systematic violence experienced. About 55 per cent of displaced people from Rakhine state are under 18 years of age. Over 30 per cent of households are classified as vulnerable due to the presence of disabilities, single parents, separated children, or older people. Women and girls account for 52 per cent of the population. The community from Rakhine continues to rely heavily on aid for securing their basic needs. Growing tension between the guest and the host community has been reported. The surrounding host communities have been also been heavily impacted by the scale and length of the crisis. The total population from Rakhine quadrupled within two months after the August influx (August to October 2017) which has severely impacted the public infrastructure and services in the area. At least 15,000 people from the displaced communities live with host communities, the majority in Sadar and Ramu in Cox's Bazar and in Teknaf. Considering the challenges faced by host communities, their needs, and also with the view of the protracted nature of the crisis, this operation aims to also provide assistance and support to the population living in surrounding areas of camps. The situation remains severe as the displaced population are facing additional threats. They live Camp Population (Source: JRP 2019) in congested sites that impact all aspects of living and are ill-equipped to handle the monsoon rains and cyclone seasons – with alarmingly limited options for evacuation. Many displaced have also expressed anxiety about their future, explaining that while they wish to return, they would not agree to do so until questions of citizenship, legal rights, and access to services, justice and restitution are addressed. In November 2018, the governments of Bangladesh and Myanmar announced that the repatriation process would start on 15 November 2018. As of April 2019, no repatriations back to Myanmar have taken place due to conditions not being conducive for return and no concrete evidence that any members of the displaced community are ready to return. UNHCR has repeatedly stated that conditions in Myanmar are not conducive for any returns and that they will not be able to facilitate the process at this time. However, the proposed repatriation process has caused unease and distress in the camps. Furthermore, in the month of November 2018, there were several strikes with demonstrations in the camp from community members rejecting the attempts for repatriation and presenting the following demands: (1) ensure durable solutions to end the refugee situation; (2) ensure quality education with a standard curriculum; (3) do not change any registration documents; (4) ensure proper treatment; (5) ensure proper safeguarding. Considering the uncertainty of how the situation will evolve, there are four different scenarios that has been taken into account in updating the operational strategy: 1. Relocation of a part of the affected population to an island - at least 100,000 people might be relocated. 2. Repatriation to Myanmar - this is less likely despite the political statements. 3. Mega camps continuation - this is the current situation and highly probable. 4. Resettlements in other countries - if it happens, only a small number of people might be affected. Summary of current response Overview of Host National Society Due to the crisis, the BDRCS has scaled up their assistance to support the operation since December 2016. On 29 December 2016, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) requested the support of BDRCS to provide humanitarian assistance in Cox’s Bazar. This support was agreed by BDRCS after rapid assessments validated the humanitarian needs. The Cox’s Bazar Unit of BDRCS along with the Red Cross youth volunteers have been the backbone of the operation from the beginning and have been supporting the operation across all sectors of operation. The BDRCS National Headquarters (NHQ) has been supporting the operation by deploying staff and resources to ensure the smoothness of the operation. Furthermore, to address the immediate needs of the People from Rakhine, support is also received from the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners through the multilateral and bilateral interventions. The response has received support of local donors, IFRC (via Emergency Appeal MDRBD018 to which various partners have contributed), ICRC and